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Air - composition and properties pt 2

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know

  • how to present evidence for the existence of air;

  • how to plan and carry out experiments confirming that the air is a mixture;

  • how to describe the air composition.

You will learn

  • to present a short history of discoveries related to the air;

  • how to describe air properties;

  • to list examples of the use of gases forming air in everyday life;

  • to plan and conduct experiments to examine the basic properties of air;

  • to safely use laboratory equipment and chemical reagents.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu.

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu.

Properties and applications of air

Task 1

Find information on what the research was done to discover air on the Internet, a textbook and e‑textbook. Look at the timeline where the greatest discoveries associated with this gas mixture were marked.

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Ilustracja interaktywna przedstawiająca oś poziomą (linię czasu) w kolorze zielonym, skierowaną w prawym kierunku, na której zaznaczone są chronologiczne wydarzenia: 1. Ancient times air as one of four elements, 2. 18th century each gas was called air and the differences were defined as "types" of air, 3. 1774 r. Antoine Lavoisier carries out the first analysis of the composition of the air (separated oxygen and nitrogen). Joseph Priestley and Karl Scheele independently discover oxygen., 4. 1883 r. Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski condense the air, and then nitrogen and oxygen, 5. 1894 r. William Ramsay and John Rayleigh perform the distillation of liquid air and show the presence of argon. Na rysunku znajdują się napisy w języku polskim 1. Starożytność powietrze jednym z czterech żywiołów. 2. XVIII w. każdy gaz określano mianem powietrza a różnice definiowano jako "rodzaje" powietrza. 3. 1774 r. Antoni Lavoisier przeprowadza pierwszą analizę składu powietrza (wydziela tlen i azot). Joseph Priestley i Karl Scheele niezależnie od siebie odkrywają tlen.4. 1883 r. Zygmunt Wróblewski i Karol Olszewski skraplają powietrze, a następnie azot i tlen.
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1. Ancient times wind as one of four elements

2. 8th century each gas was called air and the differences were defined as "types" of air

3. 1774 r. Antoine Lavoisier carries out the first analysis of the composition of the air (separated oxygen and nitrogen). Joseph Priestley and Karl Scheele independently discover oxygen.

4. 1883 r. Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski condense the air, and then nitrogen and oxygen

5. 1894 r. William Ramsay and John Rayleigh perform the distillation of liquid air and show the presence of argon.

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Physical properties of the mixture. The air is a homogeneous mixture of gases. Colourless, odourless, tasteless, slightly soluble in water., Liquefaction. Under conditions of low temperatures and significantly increased pressure, the gases from the air can be condensed. The components of the liquid air have different boiling points, so that these can be separated by distillation. For the first time, nitrogen and oxygen were condensed in 1883 by Polish scientists: chemist Karol Olszewski and physicist Zygmunt Wróblewski. The condensed air takes on a pale blue colour, and its density is lower than the density of water., Density. The air density depends on the pressure, temperature and composition. At atmospheric pressure, at sea level, at 0°C, the air density is 1.3 kg/m3., Application. The air is necessary for the life of man and other organisms on Earth. In the industry, these are used in combustion processes and as a raw material for the production of oxygen, nitrogen, argon and noble gases.

Expand the following points and read the information about the air.

Physical properties of the mixture
The air is a homogeneous mixture of gases. Colourless, odourless, tasteless, slightly soluble in water.

Liquefaction
Under conditions of low temperatures and significantly increased pressure, the gases from the air can be condensed. The components of the liquid air have different boiling points, so that these can be separated by distillation. For the first time, nitrogen and oxygen were condensed in 1883 by Polish scientists: chemist Karol Olszewski and physicist Zygmunt Wróblewski. The condensed air takes on a pale blue colour, and its density is lower than the density of water.

Density
The air density depends on the pressure, temperature and composition. At atmospheric pressure, at sea level, at 0°C, the air density is 1.3 kg/m3.

Application
The air is necessary for the life of man and other organisms on Earth. In the industry, these are used in combustion processes and as a raw material for the production of oxygen, nitrogen, argon and noble gases.

Task 2

Before you perform the experiment „Testing properties of the air” write down the research question and select the hypothesis. Note down observations and conclusions as well.

Testing properties of the air
Experiment 1
Research problem
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Zapisz swoje obserwacje i wnioski wynikające z eksperymentu.
Hypothesis

Select one of the presented hypotheses, and then verify it.

The air takes on the shape of the vessel in which it is located.
The air cannot be compressed.

You will need

  • a glass,

  • balloon,

  • pump,

  • scraps of paper,

  • syringe.

Instruction

I.

  1. Put an empty balloon on the bottom of the glass and start pumping it with air.

  2. Observe the changes.

II.

  1. Fill in the balloon with air.

  2. Place scraps of paper on the table.

  3. Let the air out of the balloon.

  4. Observe the changes taking place.

III.

  1. Pull out the syringe plunger.

  2. Plug the hole of the syringe with your finger and press on the plunger.

  3. Pull the piston up.

  4. Observe the changes taking place.

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Ilustracja przedstawia 3 rysunki pokazujące właściwości powietrza (properties of the air). Na pierwszym od lewej gumowy worek umieszczony w szklanym naczyniu przed napompowaniem i po napompowaniu. Na środkowym rysunku widać dwa różowe balony unoszące się w powietrzu, jeden jest zawiązany (unosi się swobodnie) a drugi odwiązany (lecący bokiem z szybko uciekającym powietrzem). Na rysunku po prawej widać dwie strzykawki z zatkanymi wylotami powietrza przez ludzki palec, pierwsza w pozycji startowej, druga wciśnięta do połowy.
Properties of the air
Summary
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Zapisz swoje obserwacje i wnioski wynikające z realizacji eksperymentu.
Task 3

Before you perform the experiment “Testing electrical conductivity of air” write down the research question and select the hypothesis. Note down observations and conclusions as well.

Testing electrical conductivity of air
Experiment 2
Research problem
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Wykonaj ćwiczenie zgodnie z poleceniem.
Hypothesis

Select one hypothesis and then verify it.

The air conducts electricity.
The air does not conduct electricity.

You will need

  • battery,

  • light bulb,

  • electric wires.

Instruction

  1. Leave the ends of the set with the battery and the bulb unplugged.

  2. Observe what is happening with the bulb.

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Ilustracja przedstawia zestaw do badania przewodnictwa prądu elektrycznego w formie schematycznego rysunku. Bateria z zaznaczonymi biegunami plus i minus, nad nią mała dioda z dwoma wystającymi drucikami. Od baterii z bieguna minus biegnie kabel do jednego z drutów diody. Z bieguna plus oraz drugiego drutu diody również biegną kable, ale nie łączą się ze sobą. Obwód pozostaje otwarty, a dioda nie świeci się.
Summary
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Wymyśl pytanie na kartkówkę związane z tematem abstraktu.
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Wysłuchaj nagrania abstraktu i zastanów się, czego jeszcze chciałbyś się dowiedzieć w związku z tematem lekcji.

Read the descriptions and confirm or deny them. Flip the card and see if your answer is correct.

The air is blue. No - it is colourless
Nitrogen accounts for half of the air composition. No - over 70%
The air is a mixture of colourless and odourless gases. Yes - nitrogen, oxygen, argon and other noble gases
There is water in the air. Yes - in the form of water vapour
The air is conducts electricity No.
The air is not compressible. It is - you can easily reduce or increase its volume
The air can be easily dissolved in water No - is slightly soluble in water
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Exercise 1
Wysłuchaj nagrania abstraktu, ułóż do niego pytania i zadaj je koledze.

Check the answer if all the drawn elements will describe the proper use of gases.

argon
breathing mixes in air tanks
oxygen
foam and powder extinguishers
carbon dioxide
is used in metallurgy, including for steel production
nitrogen
filling in computer hard drives
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Exercise 2
Homogeneous mixture of various substances, mainly gases, without color, taste and smell, constituting the Earth's atmosphere is called: Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. air, 2. neon, 3. nitrogen

Homogeneous mixture of various substances, mainly gases, without color, taste and smell, constituting the Earth's atmosphere is called:

  • air
  • neon
  • nitrogen

Summary

  • The air is a homogeneous mixture of colourless and odourless gases.

  • The main components of the air are: nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), argon and other noble gases (0.94%), carbon dioxide and water in the form of steam.

  • For the first time, the air was liquefied by Polish chemists: Karol Olszewski and Zygmunt Wróblewski.

  • The air is compressible – you can easily reduce its volume. You can also expand them, or increase its volume.

  • The air does not conduct electricity.

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Grafika przedstawiająca tablicę szkolną, na której znajdują się zdania do dokończenia. How was this lesson? Did you like it? Finish selected sentences. It was easy for me (uzupełnij), It was difficult for me (uzupełnij), Today I learned (uzupełnij), I understood that (uzupełnij), It surprised me (uzupełnij)
Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Keywords

air, oxygen, nitrogen, noble gases, atmosphere, homogeneous mixture

Glossary

air
air
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka.

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka.

powietrze – jednorodna mieszanina różnych substancji, głównie gazów, bez barwy, smaku i zapachu, stanowiąca atmosferę ziemską

Lesson plan (Polish)