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Calculation of molecular masses - ratio of the number of atoms, mass ratio

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know
  • that an atomic mass unit is used to determine the atomic mass, i.e. 1 unit =1,66·10-24g;

  • that atomic weights are the masses of the atoms expressed in atomic mass units;

  • the atomic mass of a chemical element is averaged, depending on the percentage of individual isotopes.

You will learn
  • to calculate the ratio of the number of atoms of individual elements in a chemical compound;

  • to calculate the molecular weight of the element X oxide with the given formula;

  • to determine the mass ratios of elements in chemical compounds.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

How do we calculate the ratio of the number of atoms of particular elements in a chemical compound?

Based on the formula of a chemical compound, the ratio of the number of atoms (or ions) of particular elements forming this compound can be determined. For example in hydrogen chloride with the formula: HCl for one hydrogen atom there is one chlorine atom. The ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms to the number of chlorine atoms is 1: 1. In the case of water, the total formula is as follows:H2O, the ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms to the number of oxygen atoms is 2: 1.

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The ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms, phosphorus and oxygen in phosphoric acid
Task 1

Look at the table „Ratio of the number of atoms (or ions) of particular elements in selected chemical compounds”.

Model
chemical compound

The name of the compound

The type of numerical relation

The ratio of the number of atoms or ions forming the compound

NaCl

sodium chloride

sodium cations: anions chloride

1:1

AlCl3

aluminum chloride

the number of aluminum cations: anions chloride

1:3

H2SO4

sulfuric acid

hydrogen atoms: number of sulfur atoms: number of oxygen atoms

2:1:4

C12H22O11

sucrose

number of carbon atoms: number of hydrogen atoms: number of oxygen atoms

12:22:11

Task 2

Watch the presentation „Calculating the mass ratio of individual elements in a chemical compound”.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

How do we calculate the mass ratio of individual elements in a chemical compound?

The summary formula of a chemical compound contains information about which elements are included in its composition and in what quantitative relations they combine with each other. With this knowledge, it is easy to calculate mass ratiomass ratio of chemical elementsmass ratio individual elements. This value is defined as the ratio of the mass of atoms of individual elements included in the chemical compound. In the hydrogen chloride molecule of the formula HCl there is one atom of hydrogen with an atomic mass of 1 u and one atom of chlorine with an atomic mass of 35.5 u. The mass ratio of hydrogen to chlorine in the hydrogen chloride molecule is therefore 1:35,5.

In a compound of the general formula:

AxBy

the mass ratio is as follows:

x· atomic weight of element A:y· atomic weight of element B

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The mass ratio of elements in water
1
Task 3

Look at the table „Mass ratio of elements in selected chemical compounds”.

Chemical formula of a compound

Name of the compound

Expression of mass ratio
(Ar - atomic weight)

Mass ratio

NaCl

sodium chloride

Ar(Na):Ar(Cl)

23:35.5

AlCl3

aluminium chloride

Ar(Al):3·Ar(Cl)

27:106.5

H2SO4

sulphuric acid

2·Ar(H):Ar(S):4·Ar(O)

2:32:64 = 1:16:32

C12H22O11

sucrose

12·Ar(C):22·Ar(H):11·Ar(O)

144:22:176 = 72:11:88

Task 4

Watch the presentation „Determining the chemical formula based on the mass ratio of elements in this compound”.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu
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Exercise 1
Indicate which of the following values determines the ratio of the mass of nitrogen to the mass of oxygen in nitrous oxide en dwa o pięć: Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. dwa do pięć, 2. czternaście do szesnastu, 3. dwadzieścia osiem do: osiemdziesięciu, 4. siedem do dwudziestu
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Exercise 2
Indicate which of the following is the ratio of the number of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in acetic acid Ce ha trzy ce o o ha: Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. dwa do cztery do dwa, 2. jeden do dwa do jeden, 3. dwadzieścia cztery do cztery do trzydzieści dwa, 4. sześć do jeden do osiem.
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Create a multiple-choice test based on today's lesson. Then exchange your questions with a friend or classmate.

Summary

  • The molecular weight of a chemical compound is equal to the sum of the mass of the atoms of the elements that make up the molecule (if the compound is covalent) or the smallest set of repeating ions (if the compound has an ionic structure). It is expressed in atomic mass units.

  • The ratio of the masses of individual elements that make up a chemical compound is called the mass ratio of the elements in a compound.

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Grafika przedstawiająca tablicę szkolną, na której znajdują się zdania do dokończenia. Finish selected sentences. 1 It was easy for me (uzupełnij). 2 It was difficult for me (uzupełnij). 3 Today I learned (uzupełnij). 4 I understood that (uzupełnij). 5 It surprised me (uzupełnij).
Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Keywords

molecular mass of the chemical element, molecular mass of the chemical compound, mass ratio of chemical elements

Glossary

molecular mass of the chemical element
molecular mass of the chemical element
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

masa cząsteczkowa pierwiastka chemicznego – masa cząsteczki pierwiastka chemicznego wyrażona w atomowych jednostkach masy

molecular mass of a chemical compound
molecular mass of a chemical compound
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

masa cząsteczkowa związku chemicznego – masa cząsteczki (związek kowalencyjny) bądź najmniejszego zbioru powtarzających się jonów o przeciwnych znakach (związek jonowy) wyrażona w atomowych jednostkach masy

mass ratio of chemical elements
mass ratio of chemical elements
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

stosunek masowy pierwiastków chemicznych – stosunek mas poszczególnych pierwiastków wchodzących w skład związku chemicznego