Elementy zestawu komputerowego

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Pokaz slajdów – Elementy jednostki centralnej. Instrukcja obsługi z poziomu klawiatury: 1. Uruchomienie aplikacji - ENTER, 2. Na każdym ze slajdów czytany jest automatycznie tekst alternatywny po polsku, 3. Przy pierwszym uruchomieniu na pierwszym slajdzie, czytanie tekstu po angielsku - TAB, 4. Przejście między slajdami: do następnego slajdu - TAB, do poprzedniego slajdu - TAB + SHIFT, 5. Przejście do czytania napisu po angielsku - strzałka w górę + strzałka w dół (czyta tekst po angielsku widoczny na slajdzie).

Pokaz slajdów – Elementy jednostki centralnej. Instrukcja obsługi z poziomu klawiatury: 1. Uruchomienie aplikacji - ENTER, 2. Na każdym ze slajdów czytany jest automatycznie tekst alternatywny po polsku, 3. Przy pierwszym uruchomieniu na pierwszym slajdzie, czytanie tekstu po angielsku - TAB, 4. Przejście między slajdami: do następnego slajdu - TAB, do poprzedniego slajdu - TAB + SHIFT, 5. Przejście do czytania napisu po angielsku - strzałka w górę + strzałka w dół (czyta tekst po angielsku widoczny na slajdzie).

Zasób interaktywny dostępny pod adresem https://zpe.gov.pl/a/DWwqrTPyS

A motherboard is a  printed circuit boardprinted circuit boardprinted circuit board (PCB) on which the basic components of the computer are mounted, enabling their intercommunication. The crucial components of a computer system, such as the central processing unit or memory, are mounted directly on the motherboard or in specially prepared slotsslotsslots. The motherboard enables connecting additional components in the form of the so called expansion cards. It also provides connectors for the peripheral devicesperipheral devicesperipheral devices of the computer.

A central processing unit (CPU)central processing unit (CPU)central processing unit (CPU) is the most important part of the computer. It performs all calculations and controls the operation of the other units. It is usually designed as a single integrated circuitintegrated circuitintegrated circuit (nowadays it contains billions of transistorstransistorstransistors). As it produces a significant amount of heat, it must be equipped with a heatsinkheatsinkheatsink and a computer fancomputer fancomputer fan.

Memory refers to the basic computer data storage. Computer memory operates at a very high speed, contrary to mass storage, which operates at a lower speed, but offers definitely larger storing capacity. The following types of memory are used in the computer:

• random‑access memory (RAM)random‑access memory (RAM)random‑access memory (RAM) – it is used as the main memory (primary storage) of the computer. It provides the reading and writing of data. It is a volatile memory, which means that when the computer is restarted, the stored data is lost;

• read‑only memory (ROM)read‑only memory (ROM)read‑only memory (ROM) – it provides only the reading of data. It stores software that initiates the operation of the computer (BIOS).

An expansion cardexpansion cardexpansion card is an additional component of the computer structured on a  separate printed circuit board, mounted in a special connector of the motherboard, that adds a specified functionality to a computer system. A video card enables displaying video on the screen of a computer monitor. A sound card enables recording, processing and playing audio on the computer. A network interface controller enables to connect the computer to the Internet.

Mass storage
Mass storagemass storageMass storage is a non‑volatile memory that enables storing large amounts of data for a long time. While the important parameter of primary storage is the speed of its operation, in the case of mass storage its speed is not as important as its storing capacity. The basic types of mass storage include:

• a hard disc drivehard disc drivehard disc drive – it uses a magnetic medium for reading and writing data,

• an optical disc driveoptical disc driveoptical disc drive - its uses laser light for reading and writing data,

• semiconductor memorysemiconductor memorysemiconductor memory – memory based on integrated circuits (e.g. a pendrive, a solid‑state drive), which is characterised by significantly shorter access time.

A power supply unit is a device mounted inside a computer’s case that supplies various voltage values in order to power all devices of the computer. Laptops, tablets and smartphones are powered by a battery, which enables their operation for several hours without power supply.

The selection of the units of a computer depends primarily on its purpose. Different parameters will be taken into account by a graphic designer, a fan of computer games or a person who uses the computer for office work.

Exercises

Glossary

Keywords

motherboardmotherboardmotherboard

central processing unit (CPU)central processing unit (CPU)central processing unit (CPU)

random‑access memory (RAM)random‑access memory (RAM)random‑access memory (RAM)

read‑only memory (ROM)read‑only memory (ROM)read‑only memory (ROM)