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Climatic conditions in the hot desert

In both hemispheres, there are special climaticclimateclimatic conditions around the tropics. Apart from a short period of time, when the sun approaches the zenith at noon and rain can occur, there is almost constant drought here. During the day the sky is cloudless and the air temperature is as much as 50°C. No clouds and very dry air do not allow rainfall. During the night, heat is quickly released into the atmosphere, which is why just before sunrise the air temperature is often negative. A small amount of rainfall and very high air temperature cause rapid evaporation and desiccation of the ground to significant depths. The wind that is constantly blowing can create large sand dunes. From time to time, strongly heated air masses rise quickly, causing a pressure difference and a violent wind. This is how a sandstorm is created. In such conditions large areas are created almost devoid of vegetation called desertsdesertdeserts. Slightly more plants are found in semi‑desertssemi‑desertsemi‑deserts.

The climate and the occurrence of hot deserts

The climate and the occurrence of hot deserts

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Ilustracja prezentuje wykres – klimatogram klimatu pustynnego z Kairu w Afryce. Na lewej osi wykresu wyskalowano średnie temperatury w stopniach Celsjusza; na prawej osi wykresu wyskalowano sumy opadów w mm. Na osi poziomej zaznaczono cyframi rzymskimi kolejne miesiące. Czerwona linia na wykresie, to średnie temperatury w poszczególnych miesiącach. Tutaj linia wznosi się od dziesięciu stopni w styczniu do trzydziestu stopni w lipcu i ponownie opada do dziesięciu stopni w grudniu. Opadów brak. Ilustracja zawiera anglojęzyczne nazwy: desert climate cario, Africa, average temperatures, total rainfall, months

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Mapa świata prezentuje występowanie pustyń i półpustyń na Ziemi, które oznaczono kolorem brązowym. Pustynnie i półpustynie występują w całej północnej Afryce oraz jej południowo-zachodniej części. Na Bliskim Wschodzie, Ameryce Południowej, centralnej Australii oraz środkowej Azji.

In hot deserts from time to time (usually once a year, but sometimes once in a few years), heavy rain falls. Desert valleys are quickly filled with rapid water. The wide and winding rivers are created for a short time, and the water flowing in them changes the terrain. In places where water accumulates for longer, oasesoasisoases are formed. There are characterized by springs, wells and lush vegetation.

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Fotografia prezentuje pustynię skalistą w Monument Valley w USA. Na pierwszym planie widoczne dwie wysokie, prostokątne góry u podstawy, których znajdują się zwietrzałe okruchy skalne. Skały są koloru czerwonego.

Life in the desert

Conditions prevailing in a desert are extremely unfavorable, and even dangerous for human life and most organisms. However, you can survive in the desert. Some plants and animals have adapted to the conditions of hot deserts.To survive in the desert, people who often go through it have also adapted. First of all, you have to try to provide the body with enough water. You have to drink 6, and with a lot of physical effort, up to 10 liters of water a day.You should also take care to limit the loss of water through the skin. For this purpose, it is necessary to cover the head and loose, light, preferably cotton clothing covering the whole body (cotton permeates the air, and thus allows heat to pass away from the skin). Desert people like the Berbers are transporting goods across the desert. They use pack animals for this purpose: horses or drought‑resistant camels. They wander the desert in caravans created for safety. A lone journey through the desert is in fact very dangerous.

Summary

• Hot deserts are located near tropics.

• The desert are without vegetation with a stony, gravel or sandy foundation.

• In the hot deserts there are large daily temperature fluctuations and very low humidity.

Keywords

desert, oasis, sandstorm, climate

Glossary