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Electromagnets and their application

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Elektromagnesy i ich zastosowanie

You will learn
  • the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction used in electromagnets,

  • to build a simple electromagnet and describe its properties.

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nagranie abstraktu

Before you start, answer the question.

  • A magnetic needle parallel to the guide was placed under or over the conductor. What will happen to the magnetic needle when the current is turned on?

Electromagnet
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nagranie abstraktu

Electromagnet - a device that generates a magnetic field as a result of electric current passing through it. The magnetic field around the electromagnet exists as long as the current flows. Electromagnets usually consist of an iron core and wire wound in the form of coils around this core.

A simple electromagnet can be formed by means of a wire coil wound around an iron core, e.g. a large nail.

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Na ilustracji interaktywnej przedstawiony jest schemat prostego elektromagnesu. Widoczny jest gwóźdź (1) z nawiniętymi zwojami drutu (2), którego dwa luźne końce (3) podłączone są do baterii (4). Na ilustracji widoczne są numery, a na nich podpisy. 1. nail which plays the role of an iron core {audio}, 2. coil {audio}, 3. wire {audio}, 4. power source {audio}.
Simple electromagnet
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Properties of an electromagnet
Experiment 1
Research problem
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What properties a simple electromagnetelectromagnetelectromagnet has?

Hypothesis
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Electromagnet strength depends on its magnetic field.

You will need
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  • battery 4,5 V,

  • thin insulated copper wirewirewire,

  • nail,

  • compass,

  • iron filings,

  • paper clips.

Instruction
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nagranie abstraktu

1. Wind 50 turns of insulated wire around an iron nail. Leave enough wire free at both ends to make connections to the battery.

2. Connect the ends of the wire to the battery.

3. To find out if the nail became a magnet, test it with iron filings. What happens if you disconnect the battery?

4. Place the compass needle near the electromagnet. Determine its poles.

5. Find out how many paper clips your electromagnet can attract.

6. Wind now 100 turns of insulated wire around an iron nail. Find out how many paper clips your electromagnet can attract now.

Summary
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nagranie abstraktu

 If the battery is disconnected, there is no more magnetic fieldmagnetic fieldmagnetic field around the nail. The more wire loops are wound on the nail, the stronger is the magnetic field.

How electromagnets work
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nagranie abstraktu

To get an electromagnetelectromagnetelectromagnet working the voltage must be applied to the coilcoilcoil. The electric currentcurrentcurrent begins to flow and forms the magnetic field around the wirewirewire. One end of the coil is a north pole and the other end is a south pole. The iron coreiron coreiron core reinforces this field.

The shape of the magnetic field lines around the electromagnet is the same as the field lines around the bar magnet. The location of the poles and hence the direction of the magnetic field can be reversed by swapping the battery terminals.

An electromagnet is not a permanent magnet. If the voltage supply is off there is no magnetic field anymore.

Properties of electromagnet
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An electromagnet can be stronger if:

  • an iron coreiron coreiron core is put inside the coilcoilcoil,

  • more turns are added to the coil,

  • the currentcurrentcurrent flowing through the coil is increased.

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Lines of magnetic field around the electromagnet
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Electromagnets vs permanent magnets
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nagranie abstraktu

Both electromagnets and permanent magnets are the sources of the magnetic field.

Use of electromagnets
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Nowadays, there are many various applications of electromagnets. They are used in countless number of electric devices, including motors, generators, relays, etc. There are broadly use in industry, e.g. in scrap yards to pick up heavy cars, medicine e.g. MRI machines, science, e.g. accelerators, and in devices we use in daily life, e.g. hard disc drives, doorbells, speakers, induction kitchen, CD players.

Remember
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  • The magnetic field around the electromagnet depends on the current flowing through the coilcoilcoil, on the number of turns and on whether it has an iron coreiron coreiron core.

  • The magnetic field around an electromagnet disappears when the currentcurrentcurrent is turned off.

Exercises

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Exercise 1
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. By reducing the number of turns on the coil the strength of an electromagnet is increased., 2. Electromagnets need electric current to be a magnet., 3. An electromagnet is a part of a school bell., 4. There is no difference between a permanent magnet and an electromagnet.
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2

Choose one of possible applications of electromagnets. Search in internet and describe how it works in a chosen device.

Exercise 3

Describe in English how an electromagnet works.

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Exercise 4
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. drut - current, 2. pole magnetyczne - magnetic field, 3. cewka - coil, 4. rdzeń żelazny - iron core, 5. pętla - loop, 6. prąd - wire
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

coil
coil

cewka

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wymowa w języku angielskim: coil
current
current

prąd

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wymowa w języku angielskim: current
electromagnet
electromagnet

elektromagnes

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wymowa w języku angielskim: electromagnet
iron core
iron core

rdzeń żelazny

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wymowa w języku angielskim: iron core
loop
loop

pętla

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wymowa w języku angielskim: loop
magnetic field
magnetic field

pole magnetyczne

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wymowa w języku angielskim: magnetic field
wire
wire

drut

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wymowa w języku angielskim: wire

Keywords

coilcoilcoil

currentcurrentcurrent

electromagnetelectromagnetelectromagnet

magnetic fieldmagnetic fieldmagnetic field