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In the world of signs

Source: domena publiczna.

Link to the lesson

You will learn
  • you will explain what the signsignsign is, you will indicate signifying and signified element of a sign

  • you will recognise conventional and natural signs and you will read their meaning

  • you will distinguish between indicatorsindicatorindicators, iconsiconicons and symbolssymbolsymbols

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Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

We observe various signs on a daily basis. They inform us about things, convey a certain meaning. Usually, they are created by a person aiming to communicate something to us. However, we often assign a certain meaning to something by ourselves, creating our own interpretation. Signs are therefore a form to which we assign a certain meaning. We perceive them through different senses, mostly through sight and hearing, but taste, touch and smell can have their role too. It is worth to know the nature of signs and their role in interpersonal communication.

Exercise 1
Think about the elements of historic or everyday clothing to which we can assign some meaning. Discuss your interpretations.
Think about the elements of historic or everyday clothing to which we can assign some meaning. Discuss your interpretations.

Indicators, icons, symbols

Signs are objects which direct our thoughts to other objects or phenomena. For example, a stream of letters „bicycle” makes us think about 'a two‑wheel human‑powered vehicle' while a road sign prohibiting the cross without stopping refers to a thought about the danger that makes people stop.

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Source: Gromar.eu, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Signs consist of two elements: a signifying (medium of meaning) and a signified (meaning).

Signs can refer to other objects or phenomena in three ways. For that reason, we divide them into: indicators (indexes), icons and symbols.

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Exercise 2
Do you know what is the difference between indicators, iconic signs and symbols? Match in pairs. Signs-indicators, Iconic signs, Symbols Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. They refer to a thing they look alike in shape or in internal composition or structure. They are only conventional, not natural., 2. They refer to a different thing directly and naturally. They are often quite similar (in terms of space and time) or in a cause-and-effect relation., 3. They are the most conventional – the agreement between people is arbitrary here.

Interestingly, the functions of indicator, icon and symbol can co‑exist in one sign.

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A road sign: attention, dangerous bend to left
Source: Grzegorz W. Tężycki, licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0, [online], dostępny w internecie: Wikimedia Commons.
  • it is an indicator of a left turn because behind it the road actually turns left,

  • it is also a symbol of warning because people agreed to war fast‑drivers by a triangular shape on a yellow background (and not differently),

  • it is an icon because of being a very schematic picture of a bending road.

It's the same case with knocking on the door:

  • it indicates there is a person standing behind the door,

  • it is a symbolic sign meaning could you open the door?,

  • it is an arbitral conventional sign because we could scratch the door (like dogs and cats do) or rub it as well.

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Wymyśl pytanie na kartkówkę związane z tematem abstraktu.
Exercise 3
Think about some everyday situations which can have different functions, e.g. indicator, symbol or icon. Describe one of them.
Think about some everyday situations which can have different functions, e.g. indicator, symbol or icon. Describe one of them.
Exercise 4
In 1972, scientists from NASA decided to send up into space a gold‑plated plaque containing the information about people and their planet. How do you think, what can be included on such plaque?
In 1972, scientists from NASA decided to send up into space a gold‑plated plaque containing the information about people and their planet. How do you think, what can be included on such plaque?
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Pioneer plaque
Source: domena publiczna.

The NASA plaque is an iconic sign.

Explain the meaning of its components:

  • nudity of man and woman,

  • man's lifted arm,

  • woman's lowered arms,

  • woman's inclined leg.

Find information about the picture in the Internet and answer the questions:

  • What did the authors want to communicate?

  • What objections did the critics of the plaque have?

Exercise 5

If we were to send such an information in the form of an encyclopedic note, what would it say? Try to „translate” the NASA picture into English.

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Try to propose your own message that could be send to the space.

Keywords

sign, icon, symbol, indicator

Glossary

sign
sign
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Nagranie słówka: sign

znak

icon
icon
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Nagranie słówka: icon

ikona

symbol
symbol
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Nagranie słówka: symbol

symbol

indicator
indicator
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Nagranie słówka: indicator

wskaźnik