that water vapour is an important component of the Earth's atmosphere;
what is the course of the general atmosphere circulation and the associated diversity of rainfall in different climate zones and climate varieties on the Earth;
what types of precipitation and atmospheric deposits occur in nature.
You will learn
show the places where salt lakes occur, explain the reason for their occurrence;
discuss the use of lakes in human life and economy;
A lakelakelake is a natural, inland, water area with no direct contact with the sea. It is conventionally assumed that a lake has an area of at least 1 ha. Water reservoirs smaller than lakes are called ponds. A lake must have a constant or periodic inflow of water so that evaporation from the surface and outflow of water do not cause its complete and definitive dry out. Geographers use many divisions of lakes, taking into account, among others: their origin (the way the lake basin is formed), water supply method, mineral salt content, water temperature, biological processes, or lake development stage.
About 20 genetic types of lakes were distinguished. The most important of them are:
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Infografika przedstawiająca różne typy jezior z opisami.
Tectonic lakes. Their basins were created as a result of movements of the Earth's crust (examples: Baikal in Asia, Tanganyika in Africa).
Glacial lakes. Depressions in which these lakes occur are the result of the activity of a glacier or ice sheets, there are many types of these lakes (examples: Mamry in Masuria, Morskie Oko in the Tatras).
Volcanic lakes. Formed in depressions created by volcanoes (example: in a crater - Crater Lake in Oregon in the United States), there are several types of these lakes.
Coastal lakes. Formed as a result of "cutting off" the bay from the sea by a reef (example: Lake Łebsko in the Słowiński National Park).
Oxbow lakes. Their basins are fragments of old river beds (example: Lake Bużysko near the village of Prostyń in Masovia).
Meteorite lakes. Depressions in which they were formed are the result of strikes of large meteorites or small asteroids (example: Lake Siljan in Sweden).
Relict lakes. Remains of larger water reservoirs, mostly intracontinental seas (example: the Caspian Sea).
Infografika przedstawiająca różne typy jezior z opisami.
Tectonic lakes. Their basins were created as a result of movements of the Earth's crust (examples: Baikal in Asia, Tanganyika in Africa).
Glacial lakes. Depressions in which these lakes occur are the result of the activity of a glacier or ice sheets, there are many types of these lakes (examples: Mamry in Masuria, Morskie Oko in the Tatras).
Volcanic lakes. Formed in depressions created by volcanoes (example: in a crater - Crater Lake in Oregon in the United States), there are several types of these lakes.
Coastal lakes. Formed as a result of "cutting off" the bay from the sea by a reef (example: Lake Łebsko in the Słowiński National Park).
Oxbow lakes. Their basins are fragments of old river beds (example: Lake Bużysko near the village of Prostyń in Masovia).
Meteorite lakes. Depressions in which they were formed are the result of strikes of large meteorites or small asteroids (example: Lake Siljan in Sweden).
Relict lakes. Remains of larger water reservoirs, mostly intracontinental seas (example: the Caspian Sea).
Source: licencja: CC 0.
Some lakes are located in landlocked areas, which means that waters flowing therein stay there forever. However, they can evaporate or soak up.
Warning!
Lakes are very vulnerable to pollution. Water exchange in lakes takes place very slowly, and the self‑cleaning process is very long. Any pollution that enters a lake remains therein for a long time.
Task 1
Omów położenie Morza Kaspijskiego.
Omów położenie Morza Kaspijskiego.
Find the Caspian Sea, being the world's largest lake in terms of area, on the world map. It is a relict lake. Describe the location of the lake.
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Wyjaśnij kluczowe pojęcia związane z tematem abstraktu.
Wyjaśnij kluczowe pojęcia związane z tematem abstraktu.
Omów położenie Jeziora Bajkał.
Omów położenie Jeziora Bajkał.
Show Lake Baikal, being the largest capacity lake in the world, on the world map. It is a tectonic lake. Describe the location of the lake.
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Własnymi słowami zdefiniuj wybrane terminy ze słownika.
Własnymi słowami zdefiniuj wybrane terminy ze słownika.
W których regionach Polski znajdują się akweny: Mamry, Morskie Oko, Gardno, Solińskie, Raduńskie, Dąbie, Śniardwy, Jamno, Wigry, Druzno.
W których regionach Polski znajdują się akweny: Mamry, Morskie Oko, Gardno, Solińskie, Raduńskie, Dąbie, Śniardwy, Jamno, Wigry, Druzno.
Source: licencja: CC 0.
Much more water than in lakes and rivers can be found in pores and crevices of rocks. These are the so‑called groundwatersgroundwatergroundwaters. They are usually formed when rainwater penetrates into the soil, and then into ever deeper rock layers. Right beneath the surface of the Earth there are polluted subsurface waterssubsurface waters (subsoil waters)subsurface waters (subsoil waters). Even deeper, there are groundwatersgroundwatergroundwaters the temperature of which changes with seasonal fluctuations in a given area. They are usually suitable for drinking. Going even deeper, there are deep watersdeep watersdeep waters the temperature of which is constant and equals the long‑term average for a given area. Deep waters are often mineralized and sometimes heated by the Earth's heat.
1
Task 2
Familiarize with the descriptions of the groundwaters. Pay attention to the layers which separate them.
Familiarize with the descriptions of the groundwaters. Pay attention to the layers which separate them.
Look at the illustration with marked groundwaters. Pay attention to the layers which separate them.
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Na ilustracji prostopadłościan z brązowymi warstwami skał poprzedzielanymi warstwami wody. Na wierzchu trawa i drzewa. Z chmur powyżej powierzchni trawy pada deszcz. Z lewej strony ilustracji opisano rodzaje skał i wód przedstawionych na schemacie. Są to naprzemiennie skały przepuszczalne i nieprzepuszczalne. Pomiędzy nimi wody: zaskórne (przypowierzchniowe), gruntowe i głębinowe. Na ilustracji zamieszczono podpisy:
1. Soil - atmospheric precipitation penetrates the soil.
2. Permeable rocks - e.g. gravels, sands.
3. Impermeable rocks.
4. Permeable rocks.
5. Groundwater - groundwater not subject to direct atmospheric influences; these waters are subject to temperature changes depending on the seasons; when they are filtered, they are usually suitable for food purposes.
6. Impermeable rocks.
7. Peripheral waters - groundwater occuring slightly below the surface of the ground; they are characterized by diurnal temperature variability and pollution, which makes them unsuitable for food purposes.
Na ilustracji prostopadłościan z brązowymi warstwami skał poprzedzielanymi warstwami wody. Na wierzchu trawa i drzewa. Z chmur powyżej powierzchni trawy pada deszcz. Z lewej strony ilustracji opisano rodzaje skał i wód przedstawionych na schemacie. Są to naprzemiennie skały przepuszczalne i nieprzepuszczalne. Pomiędzy nimi wody: zaskórne (przypowierzchniowe), gruntowe i głębinowe. Na ilustracji zamieszczono podpisy:
1. Soil - atmospheric precipitation penetrates the soil.
2. Permeable rocks - e.g. gravels, sands.
3. Impermeable rocks.
4. Permeable rocks.
5. Groundwater - groundwater not subject to direct atmospheric influences; these waters are subject to temperature changes depending on the seasons; when they are filtered, they are usually suitable for food purposes.
6. Impermeable rocks.
7. Peripheral waters - groundwater occuring slightly below the surface of the ground; they are characterized by diurnal temperature variability and pollution, which makes them unsuitable for food purposes.
Groundwater
Source: domena publiczna.
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Exercise 3
Wyjaśnij pojęcia: wody gruntowe, wody podziemne, wody zaskórne.
Wyjaśnij pojęcia: wody gruntowe, wody podziemne, wody zaskórne.
Complete the text with the given options.
groundwater, subsoil water, underground water, deep underground water
It is located in pores and rock crevices at various depths. This is so-called ............................................. Just below the surface there is polluted ............................................. Deeper there is ............................................ the temperature of which changes with seasonal fluctuations in a given area. Deep below the surface of the Earth there is ............................................ which may contain dissolved minerals and chemical compounds.
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Exercise 4
Listen to the abstract recording to review the material and new vocabulary. Then do the vocabulary exercise. Match the pairs: English and Polish words. jezioro Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. unconfined groundwater, 2. source water, 3. lake, 4. underground water wody głębinowe Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. unconfined groundwater, 2. source water, 3. lake, 4. underground water wody gruntowe Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. unconfined groundwater, 2. source water, 3. lake, 4. underground water wody podziemne Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. unconfined groundwater, 2. source water, 3. lake, 4. underground water
Listen to the abstract recording to review the material and new vocabulary. Then do the vocabulary exercise. Match the pairs: English and Polish words. jezioro Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. unconfined groundwater, 2. source water, 3. lake, 4. underground water wody głębinowe Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. unconfined groundwater, 2. source water, 3. lake, 4. underground water wody gruntowe Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. unconfined groundwater, 2. source water, 3. lake, 4. underground water wody podziemne Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. unconfined groundwater, 2. source water, 3. lake, 4. underground water
Listen to the abstract recording to review the material and new vocabulary. Then do the vocabulary exercise. Match the pairs: English and Polish words.
deep underground water, underground water, lake, groundwater
wody zaskórne – wody podziemne występujące płytko pod powierzchnią gruntu; cechują się dobową zmiennością temperatury i zanieczyszczeniem, przez co nie nadają się do celów spożywczych
wody artezyjskie – wody wgłębne znajdujące się pod ciśnieniem hydrostatycznym dzięki specyficznemu ułożeniu warstw skalnych (przepuszczalnych i nieprzepuszczalnych)