Topic: Glass - the material of the future with traditions

Target group

High school / technical school student

Core curriculum

New core curriculum:

High school and technical high school – basic level:

XI. Applications of selected inorganic compounds. Pupil:

2) describes the glass production process; its types, properties and applications.

High school and technical high school – extended level:

XI. Applications of selected inorganic compounds. Pupil:

2) describes the glass production process; its types, properties and applications.

Old core curriculum:

High school and technical high school – basic level:

XI. Applications of selected inorganic compounds. Pupil:

6) describes the glass production process; its types, properties and applications.

General aim of education

The student will discuss the technological process of glass production and its types and application.

Key competences

• communication in foreign languages;

• digital competence;

• learning to learn.

Criteria for success
The student will learn:

• investigate the properties of glass;

• exchange types of glass;

• describe the glass production process;

• justify the use of different types of glass.

Methods/techniques

• activating

  • discussion.

• expository

  • talk.

• exposing

  • film.

• programmed

  • with computer;

  • with e‑textbook.

• practical

  • exercices concerned.

Forms of work

• individual activity;

• activity in pairs;

• activity in groups;

• collective activity.

Teaching aids

• e‑textbook;

• notebook and crayons/felt‑tip pens;

• interactive whiteboard, tablets/computers.

Lesson plan overview

Introduction

1. The teacher hands out Methodology Guide or green, yellow and red sheets of paper to the students to be used during the work based on a traffic light technique. He presents the aims of the lesson in the student's language on a multimedia presentation and discusses the criteria of success (aims of the lesson and success criteria can be send to students via e‑mail or posted on Facebook, so that students will be able to manage their portfolio).

2. The teacher together with the students determines the topic – based on the previously presented lesson aims – and then writes it on the interactive whiteboard/blackboard. Students write the topic in the notebook.

3. Health and safety – before starting the experiments, students familiarise themselves with the safety data sheets of the substances that will be used during the lesson. The teacher points out the need to be careful when working with them.

Realization

1. The students read the fragments titled „What is glass?” And „Properties of glass”, and then familiarize themselves with the content presented in the interactive illustration.

2. The teacher announces a movie titled “Testing electrical conductivity of glass”. He instructs his students to write a research question and a hypothesis in the form provided in the abstract. Then he plays the video and the students note their observations and conclusions. Selected people present the results of their work.

3. The teacher displays on the multimedia board an illustration of „A glass platform over the Grand Canyon”, which is placed in the abstract. Initiates a discussion regarding the questions from the taks number 2.

4. The students, when working in pairs, carry out „Eksperiment 2” while completing simultaneously the observation form in the abstract. The participants share the insights made during the experiment, and then formulate conclusions together. The teacher corrects possible mistakes.

5. Students read the fragment titled „Glass types and applications” and analyze infographics („Types and applications of glass due to composition”, „Types and application of glass”). Volunteers discuss the issues presented in the fragment.

6. Students, working individually or in pairs, carry out interactive exercises to check and consolidate knowledge learned during the lesson. Selected people discuss the correct solutions for interactive exercises. The teacher completes or straightens the statements of the proteges.

7. The teacher plays the recording of the abstract. Every now and then he stops it, asking the students to tell in their own words what they have just heard.This way, students practice listening comprehension.

Summary

1. The students, working in groups, prepare a map of the concepts learned during the lesson.

2. The teacher asks the students to finish the following sentences:

   • Today I learned ...

   • I understood that …

   • It surprised me …

   • I found out ...

   The teacher can use the interactive whiteboard in the abstract or instruct students to work with it

Homework

1. Describe how health, life and property can be protected through the glass.

The following terms and recordings will be used during this lesson

Terms

Texts and recordings

Glass - the material of the future with traditions

Glass is an amorphous material whose main component is silicon dioxide. These are obtained as a result of melting quartz sand, calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate at a temperature of about 1500°C. The glassy mass cools down without crystallization. The distribution of the basic structural elements of the glass differs from the structure of the quartz and resembles the distribution of particles in the liquid. Unlike liquid, these particles are not able to move freely due to the high viscosity of this material. The glass has an amorphous structure.

Window plate glass, glasses, plates and other utensils, car windows or various decorations – these are just a few examples of everyday glass. Special glass is used for the production of large telescope mirrors and microscopes or, for example, shower cubicles. In the walls of buildings, architectural glass and glass bricks are installed, and in fireplaces – heat‑resistant glass. Bullet‑proof glass is resistant to impacts of bullets, e.g. from machine guns. The properties of glass are determined by various factors that can be changed to create new products. These include: glass composition, its structure, surface and types of thin layers applied to this surface. In everyday life, we mostly use colourless glass. Coloured glass can be obtained by adding heavy metals, i.e. iron, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper and others to the glass mass (during its melting).

Glass is a material known and used for a long time and a modern one at the same time – with a growing future. Due to the chemical composition, we distinguish: sodium, potassium, borosilicate, lead – crystal, quartz glass. Each type of glass has specific properties and the resulting application.

Another type of crystal glass is the so‑called Czech crystal. It is sodium‑potassium glass with a higher content of potassium oxide than sodium. The main raw materials used in the production of such glass are: glass sand, sodium, potash (potassium carbonate), limestone and barium oxide. The high refractive index and high quality of this glass leads to its application in decorative dishes, chandeliers and elegant jewellery.

Due to the purpose, there are architectural glass (flat glass – glazing, reinforced glass, tempered glass, glass wool, water glass), technical glass (optical glass, laboratory glass, electrotechnical, sanitary, lighting), household glass (crystal, heat‑proof dishes, table glass) and glass packaging. Safety glass is: tempered glass, laminated with foil or glued, reinforced and other (chemically reinforced, foiled, fire‑resistant glazing). The dynamic development of technology in the first half of the XIX century caused the need to provide glasses for the industry characterized by high mechanical strength, chemical resistance and resistance to temperature changes, appropriate surface hardness, thermal expansion coefficient, etc. Current requirements for glass products are much greater. Among others reflective, electrically conductive, ceramic, opaque, self‑cleaning glass are produced. Products made of glass are, for example, glass blocks or glass wool. Plastic materials are strengthened with glass fibres. Then a material called a composite is created, used for the construction of car bodywork.

Self‑cleaning glass is an elevation glass equipped with a very durable titanium dioxide coating. As a result of UV radiation, the organic pollutants accumulated on the surface of the glass disintegrate and mineral contaminations lose their adhesion. 'Weakened' pollutants are easily washed away from the glass surface during rain. Self‑cleaning does not mean that the glass does not require washing at all, especially in the areas with high pollution.

• Glass is an amorphous material obtained by melting a mixture of sand, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate and cullet. Additional substances that affect the glass properties are also added to the glass mass.

• The wide application of glass in technology and in various areas of life is determined by its properties, such as: high hardness, transparency, low thermal and electrical conductivity, high chemical resistance, no restrictions on shape.

• Due to its chemical composition, we can distinguish: sodium, potassium, borosilicate, lead, quartz and water glass.

• Types of glass distinguished due to its purpose: construction, technical, economic, packaging.

• Types of so‑called safety glass is: reinforced, tempered, glued, laminated and others.

glass, glass properties, quartz, raw materials of glass, cullet, amorphous body