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Topicm5f174e53b47d2ea5_1528449000663_0Topic

Division of electromagnetic waves and their application

Levelm5f174e53b47d2ea5_1528449084556_0Level

Third

Core curriculumm5f174e53b47d2ea5_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

IX. Waves and optics. The student:

6) distinguishes transverse and longitudinal waves; describes light as an electromagnetic waveelectromagnetic waveelectromagnetic wave; describes the polarization of light resulting from the transverse nature of the wave;

7) describes the spectrum of white light as a mixture of waves at different frequencies.

Timingm5f174e53b47d2ea5_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm5f174e53b47d2ea5_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Explains what electromagnetic waves are.

Key competencesm5f174e53b47d2ea5_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Calculates frequencies and wavelengths of light.

2. Describes different types of electromagnetic waves.

Operational (detailed) goalsm5f174e53b47d2ea5_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- explains what electromagnetic waves are,

- describes different types of electromagnetic waves.

Methodsm5f174e53b47d2ea5_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Discussion.

2. Text analysis.

Forms of workm5f174e53b47d2ea5_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionm5f174e53b47d2ea5_1528450127855_0Introduction

The teacher initiates the discussion how the information can be transmitted using mobile phones.

How the information is sent using mobile phones?

Procedurem5f174e53b47d2ea5_1528446435040_0Procedure

The teacher introduces the concept of electromagnetic waves.

Electromagnetic waves:
Electromagnetic waves are an effect of an oscillationoscillationoscillation of electric and magnetic fields. They are also called electromagnetic radiationradiationradiation, light or photons.

Electromagnetic radiationradiationradiation propagates in the vacuum at a constant speed of about 
3 ∙ 10Indeks górny 8  Indeks górny koniecms. It propagates in the wave motion. The electric field oscillates in a  perpendicular plane to the magnetic field oscillationoscillationoscillation plane. Both oscillationoscillationoscillation planes are perpendicular to the direction of the wave motion.

[Interactive graphics]

FrequencyfrequencyFrequency and wavelength:
The propagationpropagationpropagation of electromagnetic waves can be described in any medium by the relation:

λ=vf

where: 
λ - is the wavelength, 
v - its speed,
f - the frequencyfrequencyfrequency.

In the vacuum electromagnetic waves travel with the speed of light and this formula can be rewritten as:

λ=cf

where:
c - is the speed of light.

The electromagnetic waveelectromagnetic waveelectromagnetic wave transfers energy not in a continuous manner but in portions, called quanta. The smaller the wavelength, the larger the portions of energy carried by the wave.

The students calculate the parameters of an electromagnetic waveelectromagnetic waveelectromagnetic wave.

Task 1

An electromagnetic wave travels in vacuum and has a length of 7,5 ∙ 10Indeks górny -2 m. What is its frequencyfrequencyfrequency?

Answer:

f = 4 ∙ 10Indeks górny 9 Hz.

Types of electromagnetic waves:
Electromagnetic waves play very important role in our daily life. We use them in communication technology, in science and industry, in medicine, in culture and entertainment.

Electromagnetic waves are used to transmit radio signals (long, short and ultrashort waves) as well as TV signals, mobile phone and wireless devices signals. They are also used for transmitting energy in the form of microwaves, infrared radiationradiationradiation (IR), visible light (VIS), ultraviolet light (UV), X‑rays, and gamma rays.

[Illustration 1]

γ-rays:
Gamma rays have the smallest wavelengths and carry the largest portion of energy among the waves in the electromagnetic spectrumelectromagnetic spectrumelectromagnetic spectrum. They are produced by stars and by some radioactive substances.

X‑rays:
X‑rays carry also a large portions of energy and have high frequencies. They are used for medical imaging, treating cancer and even used for exploring the cosmos.

Ultraviolet rays:
Ultraviolet rays are invisible to humans, but visible to a number of insects and birds.

Ultraviolet rays make black‑light posters glow and are responsible for summer tans — and sunburns.

Visible spectrum:
Human eyes are sensitive to only a very narrow band of electromagnetic waves referred as the visible light spectrum. In daily life this spectrum is called simply “light”. The range of the visible light is from approximately 700 nanometers (abbreviated nm) to approximately 400 nm. Expressed in SI units, the range of wavelengths extends from 7 ∙ 10Indeks górny -7 m to 4 ∙ 10Indeks górny -7 m.

[Illustration 2]

The sense of sight is the most sensitive to green and its shades. Therefore, green lights are used as a signal to move in traffic. It is also worth to use this color when we are recording important information. Among the many lines of monochrome (black, blue) text, the eye will focus on the part written (marked) in green.m5f174e53b47d2ea5_1527752256679_0The sense of sight is the most sensitive to green and its shades. Therefore, green lights are used as a signal to move in traffic. It is also worth to use this color when we are recording important information. Among the many lines of monochrome (black, blue) text, the eye will focus on the part written (marked) in green.

Infrared radiationradiationradiation:
Infrared radiationradiationradiation is used in industrial, scientific, and medical applications. They are also used in night‑vision cameras.

Microwaves:
Microwaves are most often used in satellite communications, when transmitting radar, telephone and navigation signals.  

Radio waves:
Radio waves are used to transmit radio signals emitted by e.g. radio broadcasting stations, radar devices, and other navigation systems, communication satellites.

Task 2

Why an application of a UV cream is recommended in very sunny days?

Answer:

It protects the human skin from getting too much UV radiationradiationradiation, and also decreases the danger of getting the skin cancer.

Lesson summarym5f174e53b47d2ea5_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Electromagnetic waves are created as a result of oscillation of an electric field and a magnetic field. Electromagnetic waves play very important role in our daily life. We use them in communication technology, in science, industry and medicine.m5f174e53b47d2ea5_1527752263647_0Electromagnetic waves are created as a result of oscillation of an electric field and a magnetic field. Electromagnetic waves play very important role in our daily life. We use them in communication technology, in science, industry and medicine.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

electromagnetic waveelectromagnetic waveelectromagnetic wave

frequencyfrequencyfrequency

oscillationoscillationoscillation

electromagnetic spectrumelectromagnetic spectrumelectromagnetic spectrum

propagationpropagationpropagation

rayrayray

radiationradiationradiation

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electromagnetic wave

fala elektromagnetyczna

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oscillation

oscylacja

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radiation

promieniowanie

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frequency

częstotliwość

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propagation

rozchodzenie

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electromagnetic spectrum

widmo elektromagnetyczne

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wymowa w języku angielskim: electromagnetic spectrum
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ray

promień

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wymowa w języku angielskim: ray