Topicm02f22a6b58861f84_1528449000663_0Topic

PhotonphotonPhoton - the smallest portion of the electromagnetic wave energy

Levelm02f22a6b58861f84_1528449084556_0Level

Third

Core curriculumm02f22a6b58861f84_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

X. Atomic physics. The student:

2) describes the wave‑particle dualitywave‑particle dualitywave‑particle duality of light; explains the concept of photon and its energy.

Timingm02f22a6b58861f84_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm02f22a6b58861f84_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Explains what the wave‑particle dualitywave‑particle dualitywave‑particle duality of light is.

Key competencesm02f22a6b58861f84_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Defines the concept of photon.

2. Specifies the relationship between photonphotonphoton energy and frequencyfrequencyfrequency of the electromagnetic wave.

Operational (detailed) goalsm02f22a6b58861f84_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- describes qualitatively the wave‑particle dualitywave‑particle dualitywave‑particle duality of light,

- describes what a photon is.

Methodsm02f22a6b58861f84_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Discussion.

2. Experiment.

Forms of workm02f22a6b58861f84_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionm02f22a6b58861f84_1528450127855_0Introduction

Revision:

List phenomena that describe the wave nature of light.

Procedurem02f22a6b58861f84_1528446435040_0Procedure

At the beginning of 20Indeks górny th century most physicists were convinced that light has the wave nature, because most commonly observed phenomena could be explained by waves.
But using this approach an explanation of some others phenomena like i.e. the blackbody radiation was impossible.
Max Planck found that the blackbody radiation spectrum cannot be explained by classical physics which postulated that matter could absorb or emit any quantity of electromagnetic radiation. His discovery meant that energy is not continuous but quantized – carried in small portions – called quanta (singular quantum).
m02f22a6b58861f84_1527752256679_0At the beginning of 20Indeks górny th century most physicists were convinced that light has the wave nature, because most commonly observed phenomena could be explained by waves.
But using this approach an explanation of some others phenomena like i.e. the blackbody radiation was impossible.
Max Planck found that the blackbody radiation spectrum cannot be explained by classical physics which postulated that matter could absorb or emit any quantity of electromagnetic radiation. His discovery meant that energy is not continuous but quantized – carried in small portions – called quanta (singular quantum).

Definition
QuantumquantumQuantum - means the smallest possible (discrete) unit (portion) of energy.

Definition
PhotonphotonPhoton - is a single quantum of electromagnetic radiation. The photons are either waves or particles depending on the experiment that measures them.

Photons can be absorbed or emitted by atoms and molecules. When a photon is absorbed, its energy is transferred to that atom or molecule. When a photon is emitted, then an atom or molecule loses part of its energy that is carried by the photon. This change in energy is directly proportional to the frequency of emitted or absorbed photon.m02f22a6b58861f84_1527752263647_0Photons can be absorbed or emitted by atoms and molecules. When a photon is absorbed, its energy is transferred to that atom or molecule. When a photon is emitted, then an atom or molecule loses part of its energy that is carried by the photon. This change in energy is directly proportional to the frequency of emitted or absorbed photon.

Task
Open and watch the interactive illustration.

[Interactive illustration]

The photon energy is described by the equation:

E=h·ν

where:
h - stands for Planck’s constant equal to 6,626 · 10Indeks górny -34 J·s,
ν - is the frequencyfrequencyfrequency of electromagnetic radiation. 
The energy unit is J, the frequency unit is Hz.

Task
For electromagnetic radiation with a frequencyfrequencyfrequency of 1,7 · 10Indeks górny 23 Hz, calculate the energy of the quantum of radiation - photon.

Answer:
E = 1,126 · 10Indeks górny -10 J.

Task
The wavelength of orange light is about 590‑635 nm and the wavelength of green light is about 520‑560 nm. Which colour is more energetic, orange or green? Do not forget to use the relation between wavelength and frequencyfrequencyfrequency.

Answer:
Green light is more energetic than orange light. 

Lesson summarym02f22a6b58861f84_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Light (or any form of electromagnetic radiation) has wave‑particle dual nature.

Its energy is quantized. Photons are carriers of electromagnetic radiation energy.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

absorptionabsorptionabsorption

carriercarriercarrier

emissionemissionemission

excited statesexcited statesexcited states

frequencyfrequencyfrequency

moleculemoleculemolecule

photonphotonphoton

quantumquantumquantum

spectrumspectrumspectrum

wave‑particle dualitywave‑particle dualitywave‑particle duality

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photon1
photon

foton

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wave‑particle duality1
wave‑particle duality

dualizm korpuskularno‑falowy

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frequency1
frequency

częstotliwość

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wymowa w języku angielskim: frequency
quantum1
quantum

kwant

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absorption1
absorption

absorpcja

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wymowa w języku angielskim: absorption
carrier1
carrier

nośnik

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wymowa w języku angielskim: carrier
emission1
emission

emisja

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wymowa w języku angielskim: emission
excited states1
excited states

stany wzbudzone

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molecule1
molecule

cząsteczka

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spectrum1
spectrum

widmo

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