Topicmf6aa0524516730cc_1528449000663_0Topic

The notion and the types of operating systems

Levelmf6aa0524516730cc_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculummf6aa0524516730cc_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

Grades IV‑VI
III. Using the computer, digital devices and computer networks. The student:
1) describes the functions of the basic elements of the computer and peripheral devices.

Timingmf6aa0524516730cc_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General objectivemf6aa0524516730cc_1528449523725_0General objective

Using the computer.

Specific objectivesmf6aa0524516730cc_1528449552113_0Specific objectives

Describing the role of the operating system.
Identifying operating systems.

Learning outcomesmf6aa0524516730cc_1528450430307_0Learning outcomes

The student describes the role of the operating system.
The student identifies operating systems.

Methodsmf6aa0524516730cc_1528449534267_0Methods

Learning through observation.
Discussion.

Forms of workmf6aa0524516730cc_1528449514617_0Forms of work

Individual work.
Class work.

Lesson stages

Introductionmf6aa0524516730cc_1528450127855_0Introduction

An operating systemoperating systemoperating system is an integral and inseparable part of the computer system, without which the computer cannot be used.

Fig. 1. The place of the operating system as an element of the computer system.

Proceduremf6aa0524516730cc_1528446435040_0Procedure

Definition (operating system)
An operating system is a software which manages the computer system and creates an environment for executing and controlling the user’s tasks.
mf6aa0524516730cc_1527752263647_0Definition (operating system)
An operating system is a software which manages the computer system and creates an environment for executing and controlling the user’s tasks.

First computers allowed to run only one programme. Punch cards or magnetic tapes were used in order to enter the programme and data into the system. The role of the computer system at that time was limited to the use of the defined programming language – and that is why the programmes written in that specific language could be executed.mf6aa0524516730cc_1527752256679_0First computers allowed to run only one programme. Punch cards or magnetic tapes were used in order to enter the programme and data into the system. The role of the computer system at that time was limited to the use of the defined programming language – and that is why the programmes written in that specific language could be executed.

Fig. 2. Punch card

Relatively low spee d of the input/output devices (card reading, printing) in comparison to the time of executing the programme by the computer resulted in low effectiveness of using the then very expensive computer.

Fig. 3. The Odra computer operating thanks to punch cards.

The way to avoid this problem was to permanently upload to the computer memory the softwaresoftwaresoftware that manages hardware and the communication between the hardware and the user. Therefore, repeating these operations was not necessary while executing any user programme.

Another important thing was to notice that while performing input / output operations, the computer is significantly less loaded than during the execution of the programme itself.. Hence the idea to use the computer processor for the execution of another programme, while executing the input/output operations. Such a feature of the concurrent execution of multiple tasks is called multitaskingmultitaskingmultitasking. The operating systemoperating systemoperating system gained the ability to manage the processor and memory so that multiple processes could use them simultaneously.

With the arrival of floppy disk drives and hard disks the operating systemoperating systemoperating system also began to manage the storage mediastorage mediastorage media and the data stored in them.

The next revolution in the design of operating systems was to enable several users to work on the same computer at the same time, which is called multiple accessmultiple accessmultiple access. User accounts, which allowed multiple users to conveniently use one computer, were introduced to desktop computers.

When first computer networks were launched, it was necessary to equip the operating system with network functionsnetwork functionsnetwork functions. In the initial stage all operating systems were text systems. It required knowing the commands entered by the user with the keyboard.

In order to make computers easier to operate for „computer laymen”, along the enhancement of computing powercomputing powercomputing power of the available computers, a graphical environment (GUI, i.e. graphical user interfaceinterfaceinterface) was introduced, which increased the efficiency and easiness of its use. Over time, basic applications were introduced to graphical operating systems, which enabled to carry out simple operations, e.g. a calculator, a text editor or a simple graphics programme.

The teacher initiates a short discussion with the students about the required features of the operating system.

Instruction (interactive task – multiple choice)

Decide which features you should take into account while choosing the operating system (F – false):

– price, (T)
– compatibility with hardware, (T)
– the colour of the welcome screen,
– the number of icons on the desktop,
– networking capability, (T)
– the number of available applications, (T)
– easy installation. (T)

Instruction
Open the Geogebra applet, learn the basic information about the most popular operating systems available nowadays and answer the questions that follow.

[aplet geogebra]

Instruction
Find the examples of free and commercial operating systems on the Internet.

Lesson summarymf6aa0524516730cc_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Operating systems are being constantly improved by their producers and replaced by newer versions offering more and more novel features. This happens because more and more various new devices are developed and new functions are introduced to the old ones, e.g. the operation of touch screens or speech recognition.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

computing power, interface, multiple access, multitasking, network functions, operating system, software, storage media

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operating system1
operating system

system operacyjny

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wymowa w języku angielskim: operating system
software1
software

oprogramowanie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: software
multitasking1
multitasking

wielozadaniowość

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wymowa w języku angielskim: multitasking
storage media1
storage media

nośniki danych

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wymowa w języku angielskim: storage media
multiple access1
multiple access

wielodostęp

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wymowa w języku angielskim: multiple access
network functions1
network functions

funkcje sieciowe

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wymowa w języku angielskim: network functions
computing power1
computing power

moc obliczeniowa

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wymowa w języku angielskim: computing power
interface1
interface

interfejs

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wymowa w języku angielskim: interface