Topicm5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449000663_0Topic

Colour models

Levelm5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

Grade VII and VIII

II. Programming and solving problems by using the computer and other digital devices. Using computer applications the student:

3) creates documents and presentations, including those in a cloud in order to solve problems and create papers from various fields (subjects), adjusts the format and the appearance of the research papers to their content/purpose and demonstrates the following skills:

a) creating aesthetic graphical layouts: creating collages, taking pictures and processing them according to their purpose, recording short films and processing them digitally.

Timingm5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General objectivem5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449523725_0General objective

Defining colour models.

Specific objectivesm5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449552113_0Specific objectives

1. Describing colour models.

2. Identifying the purpose of colour models.

Learning outcomesm5968897e6c5b33ea_1528450430307_0Learning outcomes

The student:

- identifies colour models,

- uses a colour model according to its purpose.

Methodsm5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Discussion.

2. Learning through observation.

Forms of workm5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Class work.

Lesson stages

Introductionm5968897e6c5b33ea_1528450127855_0Introduction

The teacher asks the students to answer several questions and moderates the discussion:

- What is a colour?
- Does every human see colours the same?
- Is a hue and a colour the same?

A colour is a sense impression of a human when the mixture of elecromagnetic waves in the visible spectrum strikes his or her eye. People do not necessarily see colours the same. The cells of the retina in the eyes responsible for the perception of colours are sensitive to light due to specific proteins which they are composed of. These proteins are not identical in all people and therefore we see the world in different shades. For example one person may recognise a colour as purple, while the other as pink. Gender differences in the reception of colours also occur; men usually see less shades than women. Moreover, there are visual impairments related to the recognition of the the colour.

Procedurem5968897e6c5b33ea_1528446435040_0Procedure

We come across the computer analysis of the image on na everyday basis. An example can be satelite pictures commonly available on the Internet. The computer processing of the image has been widely used in medicine – diagnostic imaging (e.g. ultrasonography), in films and computer games – special effects. An information system must reproduce the full colour palettecolour palettecolour palette of the surrounding world, adjust the method of displaying an image and the saturationsaturationsaturation, contrastcontrastcontrast, brightnessbrightnessbrightness and transparencytransparencytransparency of colours so that the image is as clear and understandable as possible.

Task 1

Think about the areas of life in which colours are applied. For example in physics – the dispersion of white light in a prism. Find examples on the Internet.

RYB colour modelcolour modelcolour model.
Probably each of you has played with the mixing of paints. Therefore you know that the primary colours are yellow, red and blue. This is one of the first models of the colour space, composed of R – red, Y – yellow and B – blue. It was described by Isaac Newton in optics.

[Illustration 1]

In information technology there are also sets of primary colours, they are called colour models. On the one hand, they are used to reproduce natural colours, but on the other hand, they can be easily applied to specific purposes and converted into one another. Alternative and very simplified solutions are created, which are used for image displaying and processing.

The most common processes that you come across are displaying images on electronic devices and printing.

RGB colour model.
How many devices displaying images have you used today?
The RGB colour modelcolour modelcolour model is used to reproduce colour image on telephones, smartphones, tablets, computers, TV sets etc. The theory of trichromatic colour vision (three component colours) was the basis for the creation of the RGB colour model. The theory assumes that every colour can be obtained by mixing the component colours: R – red, G – green and B – blue. Note that this model applies to emitted light.

[Illustration 2]

Every of the three component colours can be expressed as 256 values (from 0 to 255) in 1 B (byte) of the computer memory. When you multipy these numbers, you will obtain 16,777,216 possible colours in the colour palettecolour palettecolour palette. In order to store a colour of the palette, you need 3 bytes of the computer memory.  If all the component colours are expressed as zero [0, 0, 0], the resulting colour is black. When every component colour is at its maximum  [255,255,255], then the resulting colour is white.

CMY colour model.
The CMY colour modelcolour modelcolour model, like the RGB colour model, was created with the use of the theory of trichromatic colour vision, according to which you can obtain any colour by mixing three colours: C – cyan, M – magenta and Y –  yellow.

[Illustration 3]

Task 2

Open the geogebra applet. In the simulation you can try to obtain a new colour in the RGB and CMY colour models. Try to obtain exactly the same shade of orange and purple in both models.

[Geogebra applet]

CMYK colour model.
The CMYK colour model is commonly used in printing. The three colours of the CMY colour model are completed with black (K). The last letter of the word, not the first, was chosen so that B is not confused with Blue in the RGB colour model. The CMY and CMYK colour models reproduce reflected light, as opposed to the RGB colour model. In the picture below you can see the differences between the image displayed on the screen in the RGB colour model (left) and in the CMYK colour model (right).m5968897e6c5b33ea_1527752256679_0The CMYK colour model is commonly used in printing. The three colours of the CMY colour model are completed with black (K). The last letter of the word, not the first, was chosen so that B is not confused with Blue in the RGB colour model. The CMY and CMYK colour models reproduce reflected light, as opposed to the RGB colour model. In the picture below you can see the differences between the image displayed on the screen in the RGB colour model (left) and in the CMYK colour model (right).

[Illustration 4]

HSV colour model.
Raster graphics editors use the HSV colour model as it defines colours as similar to the colours perceived by humans as possible.

Task 3

Open the graphics application which is installed on your computer. Find the option in settings which enables changing the colour modelcolour modelcolour model of displaying images. Check how many such models are at your disposal.

Graphical file formats and colour models:
- GIF files offer limited possibilities of reproducing the colour palette. Every pixel of an image can be described only by one of 256 of the palette colours. That is why they are less suitable for colour gradients.
- JPG files are intended primarily for reproducing photographs and support the full colour palette. The JPG file format enables reproducing the full RGB and CMYK colour palettes.
- PNG files support the full colour palette and transparency. The PNG file format supports the RGB colour model and is recommended for reproducing web graphics.
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1527752263647_0Graphical file formats and colour models:
- GIF files offer limited possibilities of reproducing the colour palette. Every pixel of an image can be described only by one of 256 of the palette colours. That is why they are less suitable for colour gradients.
- JPG files are intended primarily for reproducing photographs and support the full colour palette. The JPG file format enables reproducing the full RGB and CMYK colour palettes.
- PNG files support the full colour palette and transparency. The PNG file format supports the RGB colour model and is recommended for reproducing web graphics.

Task 4

In a raster graphics programme, open a picture taken by you. Check if you can change the colours of the photograph, and modify brightnessbrightnessbrightness and contrastcontrastcontrast. Save the effect of your work in the JPG, PNG and GIF formats. Compare the quality of the images.

Lesson summarym5968897e6c5b33ea_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

The RGB colour model applies to images which are displayed on the screen, while the CMYK colour model applies to images which are printed.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

colourcolourcolour

colour modelcolour modelcolour model

colour palettecolour palettecolour palette

saturationsaturationsaturation

transparencytransparencytransparency

brightnessbrightnessbrightness

contrastcontrastcontrast

colour gradientcolour gradientcolour gradient

m5968897e6c5b33ea_1527752263647_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1527752256679_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449000663_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449084556_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449076687_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449068082_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449523725_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449552113_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1528450430307_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449534267_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1528449514617_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1528450135461_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1528450127855_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1528446435040_0
m5968897e6c5b33ea_1528450119332_0
colour palette1
colour palette

paleta kolorów

RHdAbqlA9ukws1
wymowa w języku angielskim: colour palette
saturation1
saturation

nasycenie

RvKN9JsBK6hrR1
wymowa w języku angielskim: saturation
contrast1
contrast

kontrast

R12PNPMKay2ks1
wymowa w języku angielskim: contrast
brightness1
brightness

jasność

R143K9WRdTAXb1
wymowa w języku angielskim: brightness
transparency1
transparency

przezroczystość

RmoICoMbAsaLg1
wymowa w języku angielskim: transparency
colour model1
colour model

model barw

ROqundeUHooCc1
wymowa w języku angielskim: colour model
colour1
colour

barwa

R17uLeaRAK31f1
wymowa w języku angielskim: colour
colour gradient1
colour gradient

gradient

R11vVutoLWVVC1
wymowa w języku angielskim: colour gradient