Topicmcb13daae7b121fef_1528449000663_0Topic

Simple machines part 2

Levelmcb13daae7b121fef_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculummcb13daae7b121fef_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

I. Cross‑cutting requirements. The student:

4) describes the course of the experiment or show; distinguishes key steps and procedure and indicates the role of the instruments used.

Timingmcb13daae7b121fef_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesmcb13daae7b121fef_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Presentation of the construction of simple winding machines as well as the movable and stationary blocks.

Key competencesmcb13daae7b121fef_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Presentation of how the windlasswindlasswindlass, the movable and stationary blocks function.

2. Developing problem‑solving skills by analogy.

3. Developing group workworkwork skills.

Operational (detailed) goalsmcb13daae7b121fef_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- presents the principles of the functioning of the windlasswindlasswindlass as well as the movable and stationary blocks,

- gives examples of using the windlass as well as the movable and stationary blocks.

Methodsmcb13daae7b121fef_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Learning through observation and experiments.

2. Learning through the application the acquired formulas and solving problems.

Forms of workmcb13daae7b121fef_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work and workworkwork with the teacher.

2. Group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionmcb13daae7b121fef_1528450127855_0Introduction

What are simple machines?

Where can simple machines be used?

Does the use of simple machines reduce the work done?

What is sense of using simple machines?

Conclusion:
The use of simple machines makes workworkwork easier, but does not reduce it. Allows you to work less force but on a correspondingly longer distance.

Proceduremcb13daae7b121fef_1528446435040_0Procedure

Definition
The windlass usually consists of a shaft with a radius r and a handle. The length of the handle arm R is greater than the radius r of the cylinder.mcb13daae7b121fef_1527752263647_0The windlass usually consists of a shaft with a radius r and a handle. The length of the handle arm R is greater than the radius r of the cylinder.

[Ilustration 1]

Task 1
Open and watch the Slideshow.

[Slideshow]

Experiment 1
In this experiment, use the school windlasswindlasswindlass or its constructed built.

1. Hang a weight with certain mass on a string which is wound around the windlass. Attach a dynamometer to the handle of the windlass and read the value of force when the system is balanced.

2. If possible, attach a force dynamometer in different positions of the handle and repeat the experiment according to the instructions in 1).

3. Write the results of your experiments in the appropriate table.

4. Draw conclusions from the experiments and form the condition for the windlasswindlasswindlass balance.

The conditions of the windlasswindlasswindlass balance.
The windlass is in balance, if the product of force and force arm has the same value either for the shaft and the handle:

F1r1=F2r2

where:
FIndeks dolny 1 i FIndeks dolny 2 – the forces applied to the shaft and the handle (perpendicular to them),
rIndeks dolny 1 i rIndeks dolny 2 – the arm length of the applied forces.

If we notice that the windlasswindlasswindlass, depending on the position of the handle, first the one‑sided leverleverlever and then the double‑sided one, the above condition of balance becomes obvious.

Definition
The stationary block is a disc that can rotate around a fixed axis. A rope is thrown through the disc, and it does not slip on the surface of the disc.mcb13daae7b121fef_1527752256679_0The stationary block is a disc that can rotate around a fixed axis. A rope is thrown through the disc, and it does not slip on the surface of the disc.

[Illustration 2]

Experiment 2
Prepare the stationary blockstationary blockstationary block. At one end of the rope hang weights of cetrain mass. Attach the dynamometer to the other end of the rope. Read the force value indicated by the dynamometer at the moment when the system is in balance. While changing the mass of the suspended weights, read the values of the forces indicated by the dynamometer.
After completing the experiment, form the condition for the stationary block balance.

The balance conditions for the stationary blockstationary blockstationary block:

F=mg

(The tensioning force of the rope is equal to the weight of the body suspended at the other end of the rope).

Definition
The movable block is a disc with a rope thrown around it that does not slide on the surface of the block, but it can move in the vertical direction and perform rotation.mcb13daae7b121fef_1527712094602_0The movable block is a disc with a rope thrown around it that does not slide on the surface of the block, but it can move in the vertical direction and perform rotation.

[Illustration 3]

Experiment 3
Prepare some weights with the movable blockmovable blockmovable block. Attach the dynamometer to the loose end of the rope. Choose different weights and fix them to the moving block. Write the value of the force displayed by the dynamometer when the system is in balance.
Is the force indicated by the dynamometer equal to the weight of the suspended weights in the case of the moving block?
By how many times is the force F indicated by the dynamometer lesser?

The balance condition for the moving block:

F=12mg

In the state of balance, the force with which we tighten the rope is always half the weight of the body.

Task 2
Describe two examples of a practical application of the windlasswindlasswindlass, the movable and the stationary blocks.

Lesson summarymcb13daae7b121fef_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

The windlasswindlasswindlass is a simple machinesimple machinesimple machine which is an interesting combination of the double‑sided leverleverlever with the one‑sided lever. Depending on the position of the handle, we have the one‑sided or the double‑sided leverleverlever.

The stationary blockstationary blockstationary block does not reduce work, but makes it easier to do workworkwork by specifying a convenient direction of force.

The movable blockmovable blockmovable block allows to reduce the value of force twice while doing work, but in this case the displacement necessary to do the workworkwork increases twice. In this case, we do not benefit from the work done either.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

force increaseforce increaseforce increase

force reductionforce reductionforce reduction

leverleverlever

movable blockmovable blockmovable block

pulleypulleypulley

radiusradiusradius

simple machinesimple machinesimple machine

stationary blockstationary blockstationary block

windlasswindlasswindlass

workworkwork

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windlass1
windlass

kołowrót

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wymowa w języku angielskim: windlass
work1
work

praca

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wymowa w języku angielskim: work
lever1
lever

dźwignia

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wymowa w języku angielskim: lever
stationary block1
stationary block

blok nieruchomy

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wymowa w języku angielskim: stationary block
movable block1
movable block

blok ruchomy

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wymowa w języku angielskim: movable block
simple machine1
simple machine

maszyna prosta

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wymowa w języku angielskim: simple machine
force increase1
force increase

zwiększenie siły

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wymowa w języku angielskim: force increase
force reduction1
force reduction

zmniejszenie siły

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wymowa w języku angielskim: force reduction
pulley1
pulley

wielokrążek

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wymowa w języku angielskim: pulley
radius1
radius

promień

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wymowa w języku angielskim: radius