Topicm685eadf4a6d184c5_1528449000663_0Topic

Types of interactions. Mutuality of interactions

Levelm685eadf4a6d184c5_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm685eadf4a6d184c5_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

I. The use of physical concepts and quantities to describe phenomena and to identify their examples in the surrounding reality.

Timingm685eadf4a6d184c5_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm685eadf4a6d184c5_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Identification of the types of interactions and their effects.

Key competencesm685eadf4a6d184c5_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Identification of the type of interactions.

2. Determining the source of various types of interactions based on their observed effects.

3. Describing the effects of interactions.

Operational (detailed) goalsm685eadf4a6d184c5_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- identifies the types of interactions,

- identifies the sources of various types of interactions based on their observed effects.

Methodsm685eadf4a6d184c5_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Learning through observation.

2. Making notes.

Forms of workm685eadf4a6d184c5_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Group work during experiments.

2. Work with the whole class.

Lesson stages

Introductionm685eadf4a6d184c5_1528450127855_0Introduction

We are constantly experiencing phenomena that are the result of interactions. Thanks to them, the glass is on the table, the planets of the solar system have been going almost on unchanged track for billions of years, and the pieces of paper are attracted by the electrified plastic tube. How to classify the types of interactions and what are their consequences?

Procedurem685eadf4a6d184c5_1528446435040_0Procedure

Types of interactions:

We can divide the interactions into those:

a) requiring direct contact between bodies - direct interactions,

b) not requiring direct contact of the body - interacting at a distance.

Defining direct interactions.

There are many different interactions around us, the presence of which we often do not realize. When we break branches for a bonfire, rub hands to warm up, kick a ball or raise an object, we deal with direct interactions, which include pulling, pushing, lifting, bending, twisting, tearing, stretching, squeezing, crushing, etc.m685eadf4a6d184c5_1527752263647_0There are many different interactions around us, the presence of which we often do not realize. When we break branches for a bonfire, rub hands to warm up, kick a ball or raise an object, we deal with direct interactions, which include pulling, pushing, lifting, bending, twisting, tearing, stretching, squeezing, crushing, etc.

Defining long distance interactions

The falling apple is the result of the interaction between the Earth and the apple, but it is not caused by their direct contact. The similar phenomenon occurs when the compass needle points north or when the planets go around their suns. If the bodies interact, but they are not in direct contact with each other, we say that there is a distance interaction between them.m685eadf4a6d184c5_1527752256679_0The falling apple is the result of the interaction between the Earth and the apple, but it is not caused by their direct contact. The similar phenomenon occurs when the compass needle points north or when the planets go around their suns. If the bodies interact, but they are not in direct contact with each other, we say that there is a distance interaction between them.

[Slideshow]

Experiment 1

Title: Electric interaction

Research problem:

Presentation of electric interactions using the ebonite stick and paper scraps

Research hypothesis:

The electric fieldelectric fieldelectric field works at a distance; it does not require a direct contact of the interacting bodies.

You will need:

a) the ebonite stick;

b) paper scraps;

c) flannel cloth.

Perform an experiment that confirms the fact that rubbing an ebonite stick or a pen with a flannel cloth, can cause electrification of the ebonite stick or pen. Use paper scraps as an interaction indicator.

Conclusions:

The ebonite stick after rubbing with a flannel cloth attracts scraps of paper. Such interaction does not require direct contact.

Group 2

Research problem:

Presentation of magnetic interactions.

Research hypothesis:

Distance interaction occurs between permanent magnets.

You will need:

a) two magnets (e.g. for attaching sticky notes to the refrigerator);

b) a magnetic needle on the stand or compass.

[Illustration 1]

Study the interaction between a magnetic needle (or a magnetic needle suspended as an indicator of the northern geographic direction in the compass) and magnets.

Observation:

The same kind of magnet poles repel each other and the different poles attract each other.

The N (north) pole of the magnet attracts the south pole of the magnetic needle, while the S (south) pole attracts the north pole of the magnetic needle.

Conclusion:

In the case of a magnetic needle and magnets, we deal with magnetic interactions. These are remote, long‑range interactionslong‑range interactionslong‑range interactions. The magnetic interactions can be attracting or repulsive ones.

Experiment 3

Research problem:

Presentation of gravitational interactions.

Research hypothesis:

GravitationgravitationGravitation does not require direct contact of the bodies. Gravitational interactions are long‑range interactionslong‑range interactionslong‑range interactions.

Note:

Gravitation is connected with attractionattractionattraction of bodies.

You will need:

a) ball,

b) rope,

c) scissors.

Instruction:

1. Hang the ball on a rope.

2. Cut the rope.

Observation:

The ball was attracted by the Earth.

Conclusion:

The gravitational interactions are observed here. They are long distance interactions.

Experiment 4

Research problem:

Presentation of elastic interactions.

Research hypothesis:

Elastic interactions require a direct contact of the body forcing the strain and the deformed body.

You will need:

a) spring or tailor rubber.

Instruction:

1. Stretch the spring.

2. Stop stretching the spring. Then release one end of the spring.

Observation:

After releasing one of the ends of the tensioned spring, it causes that the spring returns to its original size. It is the elastic interactions that make the body return to the original shape.

Conclusion:

Interactions that cause the temporarily (not permanently) deformed body to return to its original shape are called elastic interactions. Such interactions need a direct contact between the interacting bodies.

Task 1

Organize the following interactions into categories. For each interaction, select the appropriate category.

[Table 1]

Answer:

Contact interactions: archery, weightlifting, crushing the car, falling apples, stretching the spring, flight of the plane, kicking the ball.

Long distance interactions: the Earth movement around the Sun, pulling the hair through a comb, attracting or repelling magnets, rotation of the compass needle, attracting or repelling two molecules.

Lesson summarym685eadf4a6d184c5_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

During the lesson three types of distant interactions have been introduced:

gravitational, electrical and magnetic as well as one direct interaction i.e. elasticityelasticityelasticity.

1. Properties of gravitational interaction.

All bodies are affected by this kind of interaction.

This interaction is a long‑range interaction and its effect is the attractionattractionattraction of the bodies only.

Examples of this interaction include: the falling of an apple on the ground (the Earth), the permanent attraction of the Moon in the orbit around the Earth.

2. Properties of electrical interaction.

This interaction is a distance interaction (long‑range effect).

The effect of this interaction is the repulsionrepulsionrepulsion of electric charges that have the same sign and the attraction of electric charges that have the opposite sign.

Note: Charge is a specific property of matter. You will get to know its properties a bit later.

3. Properties of interactions in magnetic fieldmagnetic fieldmagnetic field.

Magnetic interaction is observed between permanent magnets and bodies containing some metals e.g.  iron (ferromagnetics).

The result of such interaction is the attraction or repulsionrepulsionrepulsion of magnets or magnetic bodies containing iron.

An example of such interaction may be the indication of geographical directions by a compass needle.

The magnetic interaction is a distance interaction (long‑range effect).

4. Properties of elastic interactions.

Elastic interaction can be reversible or irreversible.

This interaction is related to the elastic force of the internal stress. This interaction is a direct interaction.

The effect of such interaction may be stretching of the string or its contraction.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

attractionattractionattraction

contact interactioncontact interactioncontact interaction

elasticityelasticityelasticity

electric fieldelectric fieldelectric field

gravitationgravitationgravitation

magnetic fieldmagnetic fieldmagnetic field

interactioninteractioninteraction

long‑range interactionslong‑range interactionslong‑range interactions

repulsionrepulsionrepulsion

tension forcetension forcetension force

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electric field1
electric field

pole elektryczne

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long‑range interactions 1
long‑range interactions

oddziaływanie na odległość

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gravitation1
gravitation

grawitacja

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attraction1
attraction

przyciąganie

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elasticity

sprężystość

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repulsion1
repulsion

odpychanie

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magnetic field1
magnetic field

pole magnetyczne

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contact interaction1
contact interaction

oddziaływanie bezpośrednie

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oddziaływanie

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siła naprężenia

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