Topicm17a53d3639664cfb_1528449000663_0Topic

Electric current and current intensity

Levelm17a53d3639664cfb_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm17a53d3639664cfb_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

VI. Electricity. The student:

7) describes the flow of current in the circuits as motion of free electrons or ions in conductors;

8) uses the concept of current intensitycurrent intensitycurrent intensity with its unit.

Timingm17a53d3639664cfb_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm17a53d3639664cfb_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Explanation of the electric currentelectric currentelectric current phenomenon and definition of electric current intensitycurrent intensitycurrent intensity.

Key competencesm17a53d3639664cfb_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Explanation of the nature of current flow through the conductor.

2. Defining the concept of electric current intensitycurrent intensitycurrent intensity.

3. Presentation of an ammeter as an instrument for measuring the intensity of an electric current.

Operational (detailed) goalsm17a53d3639664cfb_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- explains the current flow through the metallic conductor,

- defines the concept of electric currentelectric currentelectric current intensity and its unit.

Methodsm17a53d3639664cfb_1528449534267_0Methods

1. A talk introducing new information.

2. Creating a problem situation.

Forms of workm17a53d3639664cfb_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual or group work.

2. Cooperation with the teacher during talk.

Lesson stages

Introductionm17a53d3639664cfb_1528450127855_0Introduction

Prepare answers to the introductory questions for the lesson:

1. What is an insulator?

2. What is a conductor?

3. Indicate the basic differences in the structure of the insulator and conductor.

4. Why can electricity flow only through conductors?

Procedurem17a53d3639664cfb_1528446435040_0Procedure

1. What is electric currentelectric currentelectric current?

The bodies, which as a whole are electrically neutral, hide charges of both signs inside. We also know that there are bodies called conductors, where some of these charges (electrons or ions) are free to move. The movement of these charge carriers is chaotic. However, if an external factor arranges the movement of charges, we deal with electric current.

2. What is an orderly movement?

Examples of an orderly movement.

- In the lake, the water somehow moves, but in different places it does in a different direction. In the river, water moves in one direction. This is the orderly movement. It is sometimes called river current.

- Or one more comparison. Imagine you are in a Spanish city on the street. The festival is underway. People walk chaotically from place to place, jostling each other. Finally, the main attraction of the day follows: the bulls were released. The crowd begins to move one way, away from the bulls running down the street. Before the bulls were released, the street resembled a conductor where no electric currentelectric currentelectric current flows. People are free charge carriers. Bulls enforce the orderly movement of the crowd. During the current flow through a conductor we deal with such an orderly movement of charges.

- It should be emphasized that during the current flow, charges do not move quite as neatly as soldiers on a parade, but rather like a rushed running crowd. This is in addition an obstacle race, because on the way of electrons there are positive metal ions standing still.

[Illustration 1]

3. What is the direction of electric current?

The direction of the current is determined conventionally as the direction of movement of positive charges. If the current carriers are negative charges, the current direction is opposite to the direction of charge movement. People agreed to determine the direction of the current flow in this way.m17a53d3639664cfb_1527752256679_0The direction of the current is determined conventionally as the direction of movement of positive charges. If the current carriers are negative charges, the current direction is opposite to the direction of charge movement. People agreed to determine the direction of the current flow in this way.

4. What physical quantity describes quantitatively the flow of electric currentelectric currentelectric current?

This quantity is the current intensity, often referred to simply as the current. Often when we are considering the strength of a phenomenon, we are talking about the intensity, e.g. about the intensity of traffic. The more cars drive on the street in a unit of time the larger the intensity of traffic. The same is with the current intensity. If a large charge flows through the conductor within a second, we say that there is a high current in the conductor. If during a unit of time a small charge flows, then the current is small.m17a53d3639664cfb_1527752263647_0This quantity is the current intensity, often referred to simply as the current. Often when we are considering the strength of a phenomenon, we are talking about the intensity, e.g. about the intensity of traffic. The more cars drive on the street in a unit of time the larger the intensity of traffic. The same is with the current intensity. If a large charge flows through the conductor within a second, we say that there is a high current in the conductor. If during a unit of time a small charge flows, then the current is small.

So we can say that the current is an electric chargeelectric chargeelectric charge that flows through the conductor in a unit of time.

5. How to calculate the current?

If, for example, during the time t = 7 s, a charge of 14 coulombs flows, then there are 2 coulombs in one second. To find out how many coulombs flow per unit of time, the charge that flows has to be divided by the flow time.

Thus, the current is the ratio of the charge to the time it flows. The same definition expressed as a formula:

I=qt

The unit of current is the ampereampereampere. The current has an intensity of one ampereampereampere, when the charge of one coulomb flows through the conductor in one second:

1A=1Cs

Current is measured using a device called an ammeter.

[Slideshow]

Lesson summarym17a53d3639664cfb_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Electric currentelectric currentElectric current is the orderly movement of free electric charges.

Free charges - carriers of electric current - can be both negative and positive. In metals, these are electrons, in gases and liquids these are ions.
According to convention, the direction of the current is consistent with the movement of positive charges, i.e. from „plus” to „minus”.

The intensity of the current is the ratio of the charge flowing through the cross‑section of the conductor to the time when this charge has flown:

I=qt

The unit of current is 1 A (ampereampereampere). The current intensitycurrent intensitycurrent intensity is equal to 1 A, when the 1 C charge flows through the cross‑section of the conductor within 1 s.

The intensity of the electric currentelectric currentelectric current is measured using an ammeter.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

electric currentelectric currentelectric current

electric chargeelectric chargeelectric charge

electron driftelectron driftelectron drift

current intensitycurrent intensitycurrent intensity

ampereampereampere

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current intensity1
current intensity

natężenie prądu

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electric current

prąd elektryczny

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electric charge1
electric charge

ładunek elektryczny

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ampere

amper

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electron drift

dryft elektronów

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