Topicmf2ca4a67a8a5505d_1528449000663_0Topic

Summary of electrostatics

Levelmf2ca4a67a8a5505d_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculummf2ca4a67a8a5505d_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

VI. Electricity. The student:

1) describes methods of chargingchargingcharging bodies by friction and contact; indicates that these phenomena rely on the movement of electrons;

2) describes qualitatively the interactions between like and unlike charges;

3) distinguishes conductors from insulators and shows examples of them;

4) describes the displacement of charges in conductors under the influence of external charge (electrostatic induction);

5) uses the concept of electric charge as a multiple of elementary charge; uses the charge unit.

Timingmf2ca4a67a8a5505d_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesmf2ca4a67a8a5505d_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

RevisionrevisionRevision of electrostaticselectrostaticselectrostatics

Key competencesmf2ca4a67a8a5505d_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Consolidate the knowledge about the methods of chargingchargingcharging bodies.

2. Consolidate the knowledge about conductors and insulators.

3. Consolidate the knowledge about electrostatic interactions.

Operational (detailed) goalsmf2ca4a67a8a5505d_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- uses the knowledge of electrostaticselectrostaticselectrostatics to answer questions,

- uses the knowledge of electrostatics to solve typical and new problems.

Methodsmf2ca4a67a8a5505d_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Consolidate (revisionrevisionrevision) talk.

2. Organizing and applying the obtained results in new tasks of practical or theoretical nature.

Forms of workmf2ca4a67a8a5505d_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual or group work while solving problems.

2. Teacher - student cooperation when solving repetition questions.

Lesson stages

Introductionmf2ca4a67a8a5505d_1528450127855_0Introduction

Prepare answers for repetition questions from electrostaticselectrostaticselectrostatics.

1. Describe in brief the properties of the electric charge.

2. What does it mean that a body is charged?

3. List methods of charging bodies.

4. Discuss charging bodies by friction.

5. Discuss charging bodies by contact.

6. Discuss charging bodies by induction.

7. Formulate the law of electric charge conservation.

8. What do all bodies consist of?

9. What are the parts of the atomic nucleus?

10. What is the elementary charge and what is its value in the SI system?

11. What is an ionionion and how it is formed?

12. Introduce Coulomb's law.

13. Show how substances can be divided due to electrical properties.

14. How are insulators built?

15. How are conductors built?

Proceduremf2ca4a67a8a5505d_1528446435040_0Procedure

1. Describe in brief the properties of the electric charge.

In nature, there are two types of electric charges: positive and negative. Charges with the same signs (like charges) repel each other, while charges of different signs (unlike charges) attract. 
The instrument used to study how much bodies are charged is an electroscope.

2. What does it mean that a body is charged?

The charged body has an excess of charge of one sign.

3. List methods of chargingchargingcharging bodies.

There are three basic methods of charging bodies: by friction, by contact and by induction (influence).

4. Discuss chargingchargingcharging bodies by friction.

Charging by rubbing is possible for some bodies made of different materials and involves moving charges (electrons) from one body to another. One of the rubbed bodies is electrified negatively and the other is positive. Positive electrifying materials include glass, cloth, fur, and negatively, among others hard rubber, PVC, silk.

5. Discuss chargingchargingcharging bodies by contact.

Charging by contact involves touching an electrically neutral body with a charged body. As a result, the neutral body is charged with the same sign as the body it got in contact with.

6. Discuss chargingchargingcharging bodies by induction.

Charging by induction involves bringing a charged body close to an electrically neutral body, whereby the charge will be displaced of electrons within the electrified body (displacement of charge).

7. Formulate the law of electric charge conservation.

The law of charge conservation says that in an isolated system of bodies, the total electric charge (the sum of positive and negative charges) does not change.

8. What do all bodies consist of?

All bodies are made up of very small atoms. The atom's radius is of the order of 10Indeks górny -10 m. Each atom consists of a positive nucleus, which consists of electrically neutral neutrons and protons that have a positive charge. Negative electrons move around the atom at a high speed.

9. What are the parts of the atomic nucleus?

The atomic nucleus consists of protons that have a positive charge and neutrons that are electrically neutral.

The mass of neutron and proton is very similar (neutron is slightly heavier). The electron mass is 1836 times smaller.

10. What is the elementary charge and what is its value in the SI system?

The unit of electric charge is 1 C (coulomb). 
The electron and proton charge has the same value, called the elementary charge. This charge is equal to: e = 1,6 · 10Indeks górny -19 C. Each charge is a multiple of the elementary charge.

11. What is an ionionion and how it is formed?

Electrons orbit around the nucleus at different distances, on so‑called electron shells. The last shell is called the valence shell. The electron (or several electrons) can be detached from the shell, and a positive ionionion is formed. When additional electrons get on the valence shell, a negative ion is created - the anion.

12. Introduce Coulomb's law.

Each two electric charges act on themselves with electrostatic force. Coulomb's law says that the magnitude of this force is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of these charges, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The force acting between the charges is calculated from the formula:

F=kq1q2r2

where: 
k - is a certain proportionality factor, which is equal to 9109Nm2C2 in vacuum.

13. Show how substances can be divided due to electrical properties.

The bodies differ from each other in electrical properties. Depending on whether there is a possibility of free flow of electric charges, we divide the substances into insulators and conductors.

14. How are insulators built?

Insulators are materials whose internal structure is characterized by the fact that electrons are very strongly bound to atoms. They cannot easily break away from atoms and do not have the possibility of free movement within the body. They can be charged by friction - then some electrons detach themselves from atoms and go to the surface of the other body. 
Insulators include among others glass, porcelain, plastic, wood, rubber, distilled water, air.

15. How are conductors built?

Conductors are bodies in which electric charges can move freely. The conductors are, for example, metals. Valence electrons in metal atoms are not bound to atoms and can move within the entire body of metal. They form so‑called electron gas. The conductor can be charged if it is isolated from the ground.

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Lesson summarymf2ca4a67a8a5505d_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

In this section, we presented information about electric charges, their origin, types and laws governing the interactions between them. We showed how you can find out about the existence of charges and see what determines the strength of their interaction. We gave the classification of materials due to electrical properties and presented examples of insulators and electric conductors.mf2ca4a67a8a5505d_1527752256679_0In this section, we presented information about electric charges, their origin, types and laws governing the interactions between them. We showed how you can find out about the existence of charges and see what determines the strength of their interaction. We gave the classification of materials due to electrical properties and presented examples of insulators and electric conductors.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

revisionrevisionrevision

electrostaticselectrostaticselectrostatics

chargingchargingcharging

ionionion

electric interactionelectric interactionelectric interaction

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charging

elektryzowanie

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powtórzenie

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elektrostatyka

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jon

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electric interaction

odziaływania elektryczne

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