Wróć do informacji o e-podręczniku Wydrukuj Pobierz materiał do PDF Pobierz materiał do EPUB Pobierz materiał do MOBI Zaloguj się, aby dodać do ulubionych Zaloguj się, aby skopiować i edytować materiał Zaloguj się, aby udostępnić materiał Zaloguj się, aby dodać całą stronę do teczki
RyL61FbBBVpMt

Mass and weight of the body

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Masa i ciężar ciała
Ile ważysz?
Co wskazałaby domowa waga łazienkowa na Księżycu lub na Marsie?

You will learn

- what the weight of the body is,
- to talk about the gravity force and distinguish it from the mass.

R3mYs6vvjByHe1
nagranie abstraktu

Before the flight into space, the cosmonaut was put on a spring weight - it indicated 75 kg.

  1. What would happen if he stood on the same weight, but on the surface of the Moon or Mars (skip the mass of the suit)?

  2. What will the same scale show, if we put on it a spaceman flying in a spaceship and being in a state of weightlessness?

Exercise 1
R1GiHh3O8AsCI1
nagranie abstraktu

Take a look at the figures and answer the questions:

a. What is presented in the following pictures?
b. What physical quantity can be determined using the instruments shown in the pictures?

Experiment
Experiment 1
RBTyoaytN5Uua
nagranie abstraktu
Research problem

Establishing the relationship between gravity force (measured as body weightbody weightbody weight) and mass of the body.

Hypothesis

The weight of the body depends on the force with which the Earth (planetplanetplanet) attracts the body and on the mass of the body.

You will need

a) eight weights of 50 g each with hooks for hanging,
b) a force meter with an operating range up to 5 N,
c) tripod,
d) a piece of paper and a pen,
e) measurement table.

No.

m [g]

m [kg]

Q [N]

QmNkg

1

2

3

4

5

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Instruction
  1. Attach the force meter to the tripod.

  2. Hang one weight on the force meter, read the indication on scales of the force meter and write the result in the measurement table (force in the fourth column, mass in column 2).

  3. Add another weight, read the indication on the scales and write the result.
    Repeat the third step until all of the weights are hanging on the force meter.

  4. Calculate the mass of weights in kilograms, write the results in the third column.

  5. Calculate the quotients, obtained by dividing the value of gravity force and the mass of the weights in kilograms. Round the results to an integer and write them in column 5.

Summary
  1. After rounding the results to an integer, in the fifth column of the table in all rows you received the number of 10Nkg, we mark it with the symbol g.

  2. It means that the weight of the body is directly proportional to its mass. In other words; if the body massbody massbody mass doubles then the body weightbody weightbody weight also doubles.

  3. The number 10Nkg (remember that is an approximate value) is the quantity characterizing the gravitational interaction of the Earth with the bodies located near its surface. It is called the acceleration of the gravity on the surface of Earth (acceleration due to the gravity) and letter g is its symbol.
    Thus, the formula for gravity can be written in the more general form:

    bodyweight=gravitationalaccelerationmass
    Q=gm

    And vice versa, knowing the weight of the body Q, we can calculate the mass of the body:

    mass=body weightgravitational acceleration
    m=Qg

    The body weight unit is newton [N], mass - kilogram [kg], whereas gravitational acceleration [Nkg], therefore:

    [Nkgkg=N]
  4. The weight of the body is different on different planets and it depends on the gravity force on their surfaces.

Exercise 2
RhrelYA9S4vUS1
nagranie abstraktu

Why the weight of the same man measured using the spring scale on the Earth, the Mars and the Moon are different?

RKZH48ls69IdM1
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Conclusion
RQ6lWj0QcgDE0
nagranie abstraktu
  1. The spring scalesspring scalesspring scales never directly measure the mass of bodies.

  2. The spring scale measures the pressure force exerted on its weighing pan. This force is called the weight of the body.

  3. The gravity force is the force with which the Earth (or another planet) attracts every body of any mass. Its sense is downward to the centre of the planetplanetplanet. In relation to the body placed on the surface of the planet, the value of this force depends either on the mass of the planet or on the body massbody massbody mass as well as on the size of the planet (its radius).

  4. The indications obtained on the same scales in the case of the same man were different on different planets, because the value of the gravity force is different. The body of the same mass transferred to Mars is attracted with less force by this planet than by the Earth and with an even weaker force by the Moon, if the body is transferred to the surface of the Moon.

Roi1pYUrDkpEf1
nagranie abstraktu

Click on the tag and you will get the information.

R1BBLTHFYATMs
Ilustracja interaktywna przedstawia Ziemię i Księżyc. Pod rysunkiem Ziemi napis Earth oraz g równa się 9,81 metra na sekundę do kwadratu. Pod rysunkiem Księżyca napis Moon oraz g równa się 1,6 metra na sekundę do kwadratu. Pomiędzy rysunkami Ziemi i Księżyca napis the same mass, od którego narysowane są dwie strzałki. Każda z nich wskazuje prostokąt, na Ziemi oznaczony numerem 1, na Księżycu oznaczony numerem 3. Od prostokąta na Ziemi narysowana jest strzałka skierowana w dół, oznaczona numerem 2 i podpisana 100 N. Od prostokąta na Księżycu narysowana jest strzałka skierowana w dół, oznaczona numerem 4 i podpisana 16 N. Pomiędzy Ziemią a Księżycem znajduje się napis different weight. Na ilustracji widoczne są numery, a na nich podpisy. 1. The mass of the body on the Earth 10 kg. {audio}, 2. The weight of the body on the Earth 100 N. {audio}, 3. The mass of the body on the Moon 10 kg. {audio}, 4. The weight of the body on the Moon 16 N. {audio}.
The body mass is always the same, but the weight of the body can change
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
RLzoaw40qroNO1
nagranie abstraktu

Summary

  1. During the lesson, we have learned about the relationship between body massbody massbody mass and gravity force. The formula for gravity can be written in more general form:

weight=mass·gravity acceleration
Q=m·g
  1. Spring scalesspring scalesSpring scales never measure the weight of body directly.

  2. Spring scales measure the pressure forcepressure forcepressure force exerted on its weighing pan. This force is called the weight of the body. Correct weighing (mass determination by measuring the pressure force) requires motionless weighted body (to say it more precisely, only the movement that does not change the pressure on the pan surface is allowed).

  3. The gravity force is the force with which the Earth (or another planet) attracts every body of any mass. The magnitude of this force exerted on the body placed on the surface of the planetplanetplanet, depends either on the mass of the planet or the body massbody massbody mass, as well as on the size of the planet (the radius of the planet).

  4. The indications obtained on the same scales in the case of the same man were different on different planets, because the gravity force is different.

Exercises

RWeXfq2WnE8BH
Exercise 3
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: The correct measurement of human weight can be carried out when: Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a man is jumping on a weighing pan, 2. a man is standing motionlessly on the scales , 3. while weighing, a man is moving his hands in the horizontal direction, 4. while weighing, a man is moving his hands up and down, 5. the scales are leveled, 6. the scales are not leveled
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 4

Calculate the mass of the body hung on the dynamometer, which indicates the value of 75 N. The measurement is carried out on the surface of the Earth.

Exercise 5

Specify in English what conditions must be met to have a correct result of weight measurements.

R1M306A6sRXIG
Exercise 6
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. ciężar ciała - body weight, 2. przyspieszenie grawitacyjne - gravity acceleration , 3. skalar - scalar, 4. waga sprężynowa - pressure force, 5. siła nacisku - spring scales
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
R1e4YpIMRNn3K1
Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

body mass
body mass

masa ciała

R1UjuZWwKH0Zi1
wymowa w języku angielskim: body mass
body weight
body weight

ciężar ciała

R1IYweTQRtaq71
wymowa w języku angielskim: body weight
gravity acceleration
gravity acceleration

przyspieszenie grawitacyjne

R131KZCYh0FqV1
wymowa w języku angielskim: gravity acceleration
leveled scales
leveled scales

waga wypoziomowana

R16tFMaxdMzRB1
wymowa w języku angielskim: leveled scales
planet
planet

planeta

R15KgnbPJhXy71
wymowa w języku angielskim: planet
pressure force
pressure force

siła nacisku

R1P8B4OvwzbJM1
wymowa w języku angielskim: pressure force
scalar
scalar

skalar

R6xa7Hr1fGLu21
wymowa w języku angielskim: scalar
spring scales
spring scales

waga sprężynowa

Rv9jrOK3w8xGe1
wymowa w języku angielskim: spring scales

Keywords

body massbody massbody mass

body weightbody weightbody weight

gravity accelerationgravity acceleration gravity acceleration

spring scalesspring scalesspring scales