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Mieszko I – beginnings of the Polish state

Mieszko I crushes pagan idols
Source: domena publiczna.

Link to lesson

You will learn
  • what the beginnings of the Polish state were – you will give the time of Mieszko I's reign, you will show on the map Gniezno and the lands under the rule of the Slavic princeprinceprince;

  • explain the terms referring to the reign of Mieszko I: tribe, gord, drużyna;

  • distinguish a historical fact from an assessment of that fact and the assignment of certain values to it.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu.

The Polish state came into being in Greater Poland. The name Poland probably originates from the word Polans, which denoted the tribe which lived on the banks of the Warta River. Gniezno and Poznań were major Polan settlements. Duke Mieszko I was the first ruler of the Poland, as confirmed by historical sources. He was believed to be a descendant of the legendary Piast. Mieszko was a swift and dynamic ruler. He waged numerous wars and imposed his rule on local Slavic tribesSlavic tribesSlavic tribes. He owed his successes to a numerous and well‑equipped crew of warriors. He built fortified settlements called gords on conquered lands. Mieszko married Duchess Doubravka of Bohemia and was baptised in 966, with the intermediation of Bohemia. By accepting ChristianityChristianityChristianity, Mieszko I strengthened his rule and joined the club of European rulers. He later fought against the Bohemians, but maintained proper relations with the imperial courtimperial courtimperial court. Mieszko I died in 992. At the end of Mieszko’s rule, his Gniezno‑centred state called “Civitas Schinesghe” covered Greater Poland, Kuyavia, Pomerania, Masovia, Silesia and part of Lesser Poland.

Task 1
W jaki sposób przebiegały początki chrześcijaństwa w Polsce?
W jaki sposób przebiegały początki chrześcijaństwa w Polsce?
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Obraz Jana Matejki "Zaprowadzenie chrześcijaństwa" wraz z podpisami. Doubravka She kneels and holds a lit candle, a symbol of the new faith. She is presented in a garland and dissolved hair, which symbolizes her maidenhood: Matejko did not take into account that in fact Doubravka's wedding with Mieszko could have taken place before the adoption of baptism. St.Adalbert Dressed in pontifical vestments, baptizes Mieszko's brother, Cedybur (Czcibor). In fact, Mieszko's brother was a child at that time. In this way, the painter wanted to emphasize that it was from the Czech Republic that Christianity came to Poland. Behind Saint Adalbert, the first bishop of Poznań, Jordan, appears with the pastor in his hand. Radzim Gaudenty (in a black Benedictine habit) stands nearby, the first Archbishop of Gniezno, with an open book in his hands, and reads a profession of faith. Anointing monk This scene is to symbolize the effort of introducing new faith in a pagan country, comparable to plowing on the fallow land. Mieszko I The Duke, already baptized, is the central figure of the picture, which is to underline its significance. He is dressed in a red robe, which together with the white costume of Saint Adalbertus is to emphasize the national colors of Poland (adopted much later than baptism). With his left hand he supports the cross and the right hand with the sword symbolizing his power. At the same time, a statue of a pagan idol is trampled over by a leg. The Cross It was driven in the place intended for the construction of the church. Mieszko relies on him, which symbolizes the support that will be given to him by the adopted religion. A knight teasing a cross on his shield stands next to him. Ostrów Lednicki The island is Ostrów Lednicki - and the castle is the prince's palace, the seat of the Polish ruler, depicted by Matejko as a late medieval castle. Eagles are also a symbol of the nascent Polishness, and their flight is a sign of the formation of a modern state under the sign of the cross. Sitting old man He is an old piper who covers his face with his hands. In this way he expresses despair - he can not look at the ruins of a destroyed temple (on the lake shore) and a sacrilege against pagan gods. It is a symbol of the old religious order, which is put out by Mieszko. A peasant girl with a child She stands in the foreground with her husband, and explains to the old man that she thinks Christianity has its good side, because it tolerates polygamy. This was Matejko's imagination, suggesting that perhaps in the Slavic women supporters of the new faith found allies.
Introduction of Christianity to Poland
Source: Jan Matejko, Introduction of Christianity to Poland, 1889, domena publiczna.
Task 2
Wybierz dowolne angielskie słówko ze słowniczka i zapytaj kolegę o jego znaczenie.'
Wybierz dowolne angielskie słówko ze słowniczka i zapytaj kolegę o jego znaczenie.'

During his reign, Mieszko I fought many wars. He conquered the surrounding Slavic tribesSlavic tribesSlavic tribes and fought against the neighboring countries - Germany, Bohemia and Ruthenia. He was successful thanks to his numerous and strong “drużyna” (meaning retinue), which was the main armed force of the country. It was the formation led by the princeprinceprince when setting out for war. Drużyna accompanied the princeprinceprince on his way around the country and helped him to defend the cities. The ruler paid his warriors and took care of their families. In case of enemy invasion, the princeprinceprince called up all free men for defense.

Mieszko was setting up gords on the conquered lands. These were defense settlements. They were built in hard‑to‑reach places: on swamps, on hills or on lake shores. The gords were surrounded by by massive ramparts of earth and stones, as well as a palisade, or a fence made of sharp logs. Moreover, these settlements were often moated. The most important gords were homes to residences of dukes, in which the ruler and his family lived. Princely warriors were also stationed there. On the other hand, merchants and craftsmen, working for the princeprinceprince and the inhabitants of the gord, lived in surrounding settlements.

Exercise 1
Wysłuchaj nagrania abstraktu, ułóż do niego pytania i zadaj je koledze.
Wysłuchaj nagrania abstraktu, ułóż do niego pytania i zadaj je koledze.
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This is what the troops from the team of the first Piasts looked like
Source: Contentplus.pl sp. z o.o., Dariusz Bufnal, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Jaką rolę na terenach Polki odegrali pierwsi Piastowie?
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Exercise 2
Complete the sentences with the words below. The first 1. strongholds, 2. Mieszko I, 3. Gniezno, 4. historic, 5. Piast, 6. wars, 7. country, 8. Polan, 9. baptism, 10. tribes ruler of the 1. strongholds, 2. Mieszko I, 3. Gniezno, 4. historic, 5. Piast, 6. wars, 7. country, 8. Polan, 9. baptism, 10. tribes tribe was Prince 1. strongholds, 2. Mieszko I, 3. Gniezno, 4. historic, 5. Piast, 6. wars, 7. country, 8. Polan, 9. baptism, 10. tribes. He was considered a descendant of 1. strongholds, 2. Mieszko I, 3. Gniezno, 4. historic, 5. Piast, 6. wars, 7. country, 8. Polan, 9. baptism, 10. tribes. The prince led many 1. strongholds, 2. Mieszko I, 3. Gniezno, 4. historic, 5. Piast, 6. wars, 7. country, 8. Polan, 9. baptism, 10. tribes. His success was ensured by a strong crew. He conquered the surrounding 1. strongholds, 2. Mieszko I, 3. Gniezno, 4. historic, 5. Piast, 6. wars, 7. country, 8. Polan, 9. baptism, 10. tribes and include them in his 1. strongholds, 2. Mieszko I, 3. Gniezno, 4. historic, 5. Piast, 6. wars, 7. country, 8. Polan, 9. baptism, 10. tribes. He built powerful 1. strongholds, 2. Mieszko I, 3. Gniezno, 4. historic, 5. Piast, 6. wars, 7. country, 8. Polan, 9. baptism, 10. tribes throughout the country. The capital of his country was in 1. strongholds, 2. Mieszko I, 3. Gniezno, 4. historic, 5. Piast, 6. wars, 7. country, 8. Polan, 9. baptism, 10. tribes. In 966, Mieszko received 1. strongholds, 2. Mieszko I, 3. Gniezno, 4. historic, 5. Piast, 6. wars, 7. country, 8. Polan, 9. baptism, 10. tribes through the Duchy of Bohemia.
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Exercise 3
Przypomnij sobie tytuł abstraktu, wysłuchaj nagrania i spróbuj zaproponować własny temat dla dzisiejszej lekcji.
Przypomnij sobie tytuł abstraktu, wysłuchaj nagrania i spróbuj zaproponować własny temat dla dzisiejszej lekcji.
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Mapa Polski w czasach Mieszka I.
Source: Krystian Chariza i zespół, tylko do użytku edukacyjnego na epodreczniki.pl.
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After arranging the map, fill in the missing words. The Mieszko I state consisted of Tu uzupełnij, i.e. the lands of Polans, as well as Mazovia and Pomerania Tu uzupełnij. Later, Mieszko joined Tu uzupełnij Pomerania, Tu uzupełnij and the land of Vistulans in Lesser Poland.
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Exercise 4
Language practice. Match pairs: English and Polish. baptism Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. chrzest, 2. chrześcijaństwo, 3. dwór cesarski, 4. plemiona słowiańskie Christianity Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. chrzest, 2. chrześcijaństwo, 3. dwór cesarski, 4. plemiona słowiańskie Slavic tribes Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. chrzest, 2. chrześcijaństwo, 3. dwór cesarski, 4. plemiona słowiańskie imperial court Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. chrzest, 2. chrześcijaństwo, 3. dwór cesarski, 4. plemiona słowiańskie

Keywords

Mieszko, Piast, dynasty, Slavs, christening, baptism, crew

Glossary

baptism
baptism
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka.

chrzest – przyjęcie przez władcę Polan, Mieszka I, wyznania chrześcijańskiego, który zapoczątkował chrystianizację kraju.

Christianity
Christianity
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka.

chrześcijaństwo.

Slavic tribes
Slavic tribes
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka.

plemiona słowiańskie.

imperial court
imperial court
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka.

dwór cesarski.

prince
prince
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka.

książe