Mieszko I – beginnings of the Polish state
what the beginnings of the Polish state were – you will give the time of Mieszko I's reign, you will show on the map Gniezno and the lands under the rule of the Slavic princeprince;
explain the terms referring to the reign of Mieszko I: tribe, gord, drużyna;
distinguish a historical fact from an assessment of that fact and the assignment of certain values to it.
The Polish state came into being in Greater Poland. The name Poland probably originates from the word Polans, which denoted the tribe which lived on the banks of the Warta River. Gniezno and Poznań were major Polan settlements. Duke Mieszko I was the first ruler of the Poland, as confirmed by historical sources. He was believed to be a descendant of the legendary Piast. Mieszko was a swift and dynamic ruler. He waged numerous wars and imposed his rule on local Slavic tribesSlavic tribes. He owed his successes to a numerous and well‑equipped crew of warriors. He built fortified settlements called gords on conquered lands. Mieszko married Duchess Doubravka of Bohemia and was baptised in 966, with the intermediation of Bohemia. By accepting ChristianityChristianity, Mieszko I strengthened his rule and joined the club of European rulers. He later fought against the Bohemians, but maintained proper relations with the imperial courtimperial court. Mieszko I died in 992. At the end of Mieszko’s rule, his Gniezno‑centred state called “Civitas Schinesghe” covered Greater Poland, Kuyavia, Pomerania, Masovia, Silesia and part of Lesser Poland.
During his reign, Mieszko I fought many wars. He conquered the surrounding Slavic tribesSlavic tribes and fought against the neighboring countries - Germany, Bohemia and Ruthenia. He was successful thanks to his numerous and strong “drużyna” (meaning retinue), which was the main armed force of the country. It was the formation led by the princeprince when setting out for war. Drużyna accompanied the princeprince on his way around the country and helped him to defend the cities. The ruler paid his warriors and took care of their families. In case of enemy invasion, the princeprince called up all free men for defense.
Mieszko was setting up gords on the conquered lands. These were defense settlements. They were built in hard‑to‑reach places: on swamps, on hills or on lake shores. The gords were surrounded by by massive ramparts of earth and stones, as well as a palisade, or a fence made of sharp logs. Moreover, these settlements were often moated. The most important gords were homes to residences of dukes, in which the ruler and his family lived. Princely warriors were also stationed there. On the other hand, merchants and craftsmen, working for the princeprince and the inhabitants of the gord, lived in surrounding settlements.

Place the weapon names in the correct category.
bow, chain mail, helmet, sword, axe, spear, shield
Offensive weapons | |
---|---|
Protective weapons (defensive) |
Complete the sentences with the words below.
tribes, strongholds, Mieszko I, historic, baptism, country, Polan, Piast, wars, Gniezno
The first ...................... ruler of the ...................... tribe was Prince ....................... He was considered a descendant of ....................... The prince led many ....................... His success was ensured by a strong crew. He conquered the surrounding ...................... and include them in his ....................... He built powerful ...................... throughout the country. The capital of his country was in ....................... In 966, Mieszko received ...................... through the Duchy of Bohemia.
After arranging the map, fill in the missing words.
The Mieszko I state consisted of ............................, i.e. the lands of Polans, as well as Mazovia and Pomerania ............... Later, Mieszko joined ............ Pomerania, .............. and the land of Vistulans in Lesser Poland.
Language practice. Match pairs: English and Polish.
chrześcijaństwo, plemiona słowiańskie, dwór cesarski, chrzest
baptism | |
Christianity | |
Slavic tribes | |
imperial court |
Keywords
Mieszko, Piast, dynasty, Slavs, christening, baptism, crew
Glossary
chrzest – przyjęcie przez władcę Polan, Mieszka I, wyznania chrześcijańskiego, który zapoczątkował chrystianizację kraju.
chrześcijaństwo.
plemiona słowiańskie.
dwór cesarski.
książe