learn the content of Pascal's law and its practical application with the use of English vocabulary.
Exercise 1
Rc2Vw2CBX2gaz1
Answer the questions.
1. Provide a pressurepressurepressure definition. 2. Enter the pressure unit. 3. Is the pressure in the tube of the bicycle wheel in each point of the inner tube the same? 4. Are molecules in liquids and gases in motion or at rest?
R1WA6R46pd5ck
1. PressurepressurePressure is the ratio of the force to the surface area on which this force acts. The force is perpendicular to the surface. 2. The unit of pressure is pascalpascalpascal. 3. It is the same at every point of the bicycle wheel tube. 4. The particles are in motion in liquids and gases. The movement of particles is chaotic. Interactions between particles in liquids are stronger than in gases.
Experiment demonstration
Experiment 1
Research problem
RTf3B1UxLluZB1
Is the pressure caused by the external force the same in the entire volume of the liquid?
Hypothesis
RLq3mX3cyVagp1
If we exert pressure on the liquid or gas from the outside, it will create in the liquid or gas an additional pressure equal in the entire volume of this liquid or gas.
You will need
RSAClbIODTU3K1
- a syringe with a thick needle, - needle or pin, - water, - ping‑pong ball.
Instruction
R165jBdnRgC8D1
1. Using a pin, make holes in the ball - evenly over its entire surface. 2. Fill the syringe with water. 3. Pierce the surface of the ball with the needle and push it in quite deeply. 4. Fill the ball with water from the syringe. If there is not enough water in the syringe, disconnect it from the needle, fill with water again, connect it with the needle and fill the ball until it is full. 5. When the ball and syringe are filled with water, press the plunger of the syringe. 6. Observe the water jets squirting from the holes on the surface of the ball.
Summary
R1QyttJgxbwGz1
We see that from every hole in the ball the water squirts in the same way.
RyWsV3NG9hstk1
Conclusion
R1A2I4BchHyCr1
The force with which we press on the plunger of the syringe produces the same pressure in the entire volume of the liquid. From each hole of the ball (located at the bottom, side, top), the water squirts in the same way. This shows that the pressure caused by pressing the plunger is the same in each of the holes regardless of whether the hole is on the bottom, side or top of the ball.
Pascal's law
Definition: Pascal's law
R18svkRGb7Oo61
If we exert pressurepressurepressure on the liquid or gas from the outside, it will create in the liquid or gas an additional pressure equal in the entire volume of this liquid or gas.
R1cLvxofDiFsU1
See the presented model of the device.
R27gYJDCePPrB1
Exercise 2
RS5wcOsAMyUwL1
Answer the questions.
a) How will the bigger piston behave if we press a smaller piston with our hand? b) Is the pressure in both arms of the vessel the same? c) Is Pascal's law illustrated in the presented model?
R1l0FMoOUPeSj1
a) The larger plunger will move up. b) The pressurepressurepressure in these arms is the same. c) Pascal's law is illustrated in this model.
Rj2FaDdXyW6vU1
Look at the picture.
RP1CEzp0iE1ip1
R1CQytVz7bcDZ1
– the force that acts on the smaller pistonpistonpiston, – the force that acts on the larger piston, SIndeks dolny 11 – the area of the smaller piston, SIndeks dolny 22 – the area of the larger piston, p – the pressure inside the liquid pIndeks dolny 11 - pressure exerted by the smaller piston pIndeks dolny 22 - pressure exerted by the smaller piston
Task 1
RPeleUN09lmGg1
Familiarize yourself with the practical use of Pascal's law in the industry: slideshow „Hydraulic presshydraulic pressHydraulic press – stamping car sheet metal”, and in everyday life with respect to car operation: slideshow „Pascal’s lawPascal’s lawPascal’s law application for hydraulic brakes”.
RCyU5Q04CRmB71
REOiLjPPLjILu1
Summary
If the force acts on the liquid or gas from outside, it will create in the liquid or gas an additional pressurepressurepressure equal in the entire volume of this liquid or gas. We say that the external pressure exerted on the liquid spreads equally in all directions. This law was formulated by Blaise Pascal and is named Pascal's law after his name.
Pascal's law has been widely used, among others in the design of presses, car jacks, pumps and hydraulic braking systems.
The principle of operation of the hydraulic press uses Pascal's law. The task of the press is to multiply the external force and use it to do the work.
The magnitude of the force obtained by means of the press is as many times greater than the force acting externally on the pistonpistonpiston, as many times the surface SIndeks dolny 22 of the larger piston is larger than the surface SIndeks dolny 11 of the smaller piston:
Exercises
RFV6pz5pLmYcX
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
The large piston of the hydraulic press moves in one stroke by h = 45 cm and a small one by hIndeks dolny 11 = 4 cm. Calculate the value of the force that a large piston acts on the body if the force F = 200 N acts on the small piston. Draw the device diagram. Mark the given quantities in the drawing.
The volume of liquid displaced by the piston 1 must equal the volume of liquid displaced by the piston 2.
V = S · h = SIndeks dolny 11 · hIndeks dolny 11, therefore .
Pascal's law shows that the pressures exerted on the surfaces of the piston 1 and the piston 2 must be equal:
Thus
R1dToklb2JniW
The force FIndeks dolny 11 has a value of 2250 N.
Exercise 5
Write in English what is the reason that by pumping the wheel of a bicycle we must act with larger and larger force?
The gas pressure in the tube of the bicycle wheel increases. If you want to inject a new portion of gas into the inner tube, the pressure in the pump's piston must be slightly higher than in the inner tube.