that there are many different plants in the natural environment;
some of the most important plants grown in homes and allotment gardens.
You will learn
to identify particular parts of a plant and to describe their functions;
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Plants have very diverse sizes, shapes and appearance, but their structure is similar. Our eyes can only see the shoots, i.e. the part of the plant that comes up above the ground. A typical plants is composed of roots, leaves and flowersflowerflowers. Flowers can transform into fruitfruitsfruit that contain seedsseedseeds.
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Roots provide plants with water and mineral salts, keep them in the soil and sometimes also store reserve substances (e.g. carrots). They grow deep into the soil, creating numerous branches. This allows to increase the surface through which water is absorbed.
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The stem acts as a scaffold for the plant and connects its parts. It carries water and mineral salts from the roots to the leaves and nutrients produced in the photosynthesisphotosynthesisphotosynthesis process in the opposite direction. In some cases stems are also used for storing reserve substances. Depending on the shoot structure, plants can be classified as herbaceous plants (with a green and non‑lignified stem), trees (with a single lignified stem) and shrubs (with many lignified stems growing from the root or a single lignified stem that branches out just above the surface).
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Leaves are adapted to carry out the photosynthesis process. Certain plants have transformed leaves into needles or thorns; they can also store nutrients (e.g. in bulbs).
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Exercise 1
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Exercise 2
Zdecyduj czy poniższe zdania to prawda czy fałsz:
Korzenie zawsze rosną w kierunku Słońca.
Korzenie dostarczają wodę do rośliny.
Korzenie zwykle rosną w dół lub w bok.
Zdecyduj czy poniższe zdania to prawda czy fałsz:
Korzenie zawsze rosną w kierunku Słońca.
Korzenie dostarczają wodę do rośliny.
Korzenie zwykle rosną w dół lub w bok.
Determine whether the following statements concerning roots are true or false.
True
False
Roots always grow towards the Sun.
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□
Roots deliver water to the plant.
□
□
Roots usually grow downward or laterally.
□
□
Roots deliver mineral salts to the plant.
□
□
Summary
Plants have a similar external structure, although they differ a lot in terms of their appearance.
A plant is composed of roots, stem, leaves and flowers.
Keywords
roots, stem, leaves
Glossary
photosynthesis
photosynthesis
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fotosynteza – proces zachodzący w komórkach roślin; polega na wytwarzaniu pokarmu z wody i dwutlenku węgla przy udziale energii słonecznej; produktem ubocznym fotosyntezy jest tlen
flower
flower
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kwiat – organ roślin nasiennych, który służy do rozmnażania płciowego
fruits
fruits
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owoce – organy charakterystyczne tylko dla roślin okrytonasiennych; powstają z zalążni słupka, a u niektórych roślin także z dna kwiatowego; składają się z owocni i nasion
seed
seed
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nasiono – organ roślin nasiennych służący im do rozprzestrzeniania się; zawiera zarodek nowej rośliny, tkankę odżywczą i łupinę nasienną