Prepare answers for the following questions.

a) What experiments confirm the theory of the atomic structure of matter?
b) What is the difference between intermolecular interactions in gases, liquids and solids.
c) What is the difference between the fourth state of matter - plasma - and gasgasgas?
d) Why are bodies with good electrical conductance conduct heat well?
e) How does the hydrostatic pressure depend on the liquidliquidliquid densitydensitydensity?
f) Present Pascal's law.
g) Present the floating conditions of the bodies.

Determine if the sentences below are true or false.

a) Diffusion is the spontaneous mixing of substances, e.g. the spread of odour in still air.
b) VolumevolumeVolume contraction phenomenon - consisting in the fact that the volume of the mixture of water and ethyl alcohol is smaller than the sum of the volume of its components, i.e. water and alcohol separately, indicates the molecular structure of the liquidliquidliquid.
c) Atoms can be seen in a normal optical microscope.
d) Brownian motion consisting in the constant movement of fat particles in the water indicates the molecular structure of water.

Check your knowledge of phase transitions names.

The cube of butter is 10 cm x 8 cm x 2,4 cm, its mass is 200 g. Calculate the densitydensitydensity of butter. Give the result in $\frac{g}{c{m}^3}$ and in $\frac{kg}{m^3}$.

Determine if the sentences below are true or false.

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Ilustracja przedstawia prawo Pascala dla gazów i cieczy – jeżeli na płyn (ciecz lub gaz) w zbiorniku zamkniętym wywierane jest ciśnienie zewnętrzne, to (pomijając ciśnienie hydrostatyczne) ciśnienie wewnątrz zbiornika jest wszędzie jednakowe i równe ciśnieniu zewnętrznemu. Narysowane jest koło, na którego górze dorysowano prostokąt. Na górze prostokąta niski prostokąt takiej samej szerokości, od niego narysowana jest strzałka w dół opisana F (nad literą strzałka pozioma skierowana w prawo). Z obwodu koła narysowane prostopadle skierowane strzałki na zewnątrz.

a) Pascal's law states that the external pressure exerted on the fluid depends on the distance from the plunger.
b) Pascal's law states that the external pressure exerted on the fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.
c) Pascal's law applies to liquids and does not apply to gases.
d) Pascal's law applies to gases and liquids. Gases and liquids are called fluids.

Which of the following statements are true and which are false.

a) Liquids are compressible.
b) Gases are compressible.
c) The substance in the gaseous state, when it reaches a temperature of more than 1000 K, it will become a plasma.

Calculate the hydrostatic pressure p, at the base of the water dam at a depth of h = 10 meters underwater. Assume that the densitydensitydensity of water is d = 1000 $\frac{kg}{m^3}$, and the gravitational acceleration is 9,81 $\frac{m}{s^2}$, give the result in pascals.

The cube made of aluminium with side a = 10 cm has a densitydensitydensity d = 2700 $\frac{kg}{m^3}$.

a) Prove that the dynamometer measuring with accuracy of 0,1 N on which we suspend this cube will indicate the weight of Q = 26,5 N.

b) After immersing the cube in water, the dynamometer indication decreased to QIndeks dolny 1₁ = 16,7 N. Calculate the buoyant forcebuoyant forcebuoyant force, FIndeks dolny B_B, acting on aluminium. Can aluminium in the form of a cube float on the surface of water?

c) Explain why a tourist boat made of aluminium does not sink in water, although the density of aluminium is almost three times higher than the density of water. What condition must be fulfilled by a boat so that it can float on the surface of water.

The submarine is submerged at a depth of 100 meters. What is the magnitude of the normal force with which the water acts on the surface of the boat? The surface area of the submarine is $S=300 m^2$, and the density of seawater $d=1030\frac{kg}{m^3}$, assume that the gravitational acceleration $g=10\frac{m}{s^2}$.

Write in English about construction of which machines and devices Pascal's law has been applied.