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Have you ever heard your parents complaining about their bosses? Or, on the other hand, praising them for being open and caring? As you may have guessed, there are as many kinds of bosses in the world as there are people. In this lesson, however, we’ll categorise the most common types so you can find out which management style is best for you.

Czy kiedykolwiek słyszałeś/słyszałaś, jak twoi rodzice narzekali na swoich szefów? Albo, z drugiej strony, chwalili ich za to, że są otwarci i opiekuńczy? Jak zapewne się domyślasz, na świecie jest tyle typów szefów, ilu ludzi. W tej lekcji sklasyfikujemy najczęściej spotykane osobowości szefów, dzięki czemu dowiesz się, który styl zarządzania najbardziej ci odpowiada.

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Is this the boss you would choose to work for?
Czy to jest szef, dla którego chciałbyś/chciałabyś pracować?
Źródło: dostępny w internecie: www.pixabay.com [dostęp 17.02.2022], domena publiczna.
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Exercise 1
Drag and drop elements to match words with their opposites lenient Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. subordinate, 2. cons, 3. follower, 4. demanding, 5. cooperative, 6. strict indulgent Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. subordinate, 2. cons, 3. follower, 4. demanding, 5. cooperative, 6. strict domineering Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. subordinate, 2. cons, 3. follower, 4. demanding, 5. cooperative, 6. strict boss Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. subordinate, 2. cons, 3. follower, 4. demanding, 5. cooperative, 6. strict leader Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. subordinate, 2. cons, 3. follower, 4. demanding, 5. cooperative, 6. strict pros Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. subordinate, 2. cons, 3. follower, 4. demanding, 5. cooperative, 6. strict
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Study the text and do the exercise(s) below.

Types of Bosses
Monika Kosiedowska Types of Bosses

A Polish proverb says: appreciate your boss, you can always have a worse one. There is a lot of truth in this saying since your job performancejob performancejob performance and, most of all, your job satisfaction largely depend on your boss’s character. The interdependenceinterdependenceinterdependence between good employee‑management relations and general job satisfaction has been scientifically proven and is sometimes called ‘the boss factor’. An inspiringinspiringinspiring boss will bring out all your talents and skills and make you excel in your job. As Orrin Woodward, an American writer and entrepreneur, said, ‘average leaders raise the barraise the barraise the bar on themselves; good leaders raise the bar for others; great leaders inspire others to raise their own bar.’ Instead, an arrogantarrogantarrogant boss will probably make your job experience miserable. Nobody is perfect. Who would like to work under a person that cannot see their own flawsflaws [flaw]flaws but is always eager to point out others’ faultspoint out others' faults [point out somebody’s fault]point out others’ faults?

To be frank, there is no universal type of a perfect boss. Ask yourself a question: what kind of supervisorsupervisorsupervisor would you prefer: a  lenientlenient lenient or a  strictstrictstrict one? Both types have their pros and cons. LeniencyleniencyLeniency of a boss usually leaves it up to you to determine your goals and prioritiesdetermine your goals and priorities [determine one’s goal and priority]determine your goals and priorities. If you are able to self‑discipline and self‑organise at work, an indulgentindulgentindulgent boss is your kind of a boss. But some people, especially those who are at the start of their careers, might simply need someone to point out to them what to do next, and a demandingdemandingdemanding employer motivates them to learn. Probably the thing that makes a good leader is a mixture of leniency and strictnessstrictness strictness.

Should a  criticalcritical critical person be considered a bad boss? Not necessarily. There is a huge difference between fair criticismcriticismcriticism and unjustified nitpickingnitpickingnitpicking. A critical boss whose feedbackfeedbackfeedback lets you improve your job performance may not be so bad as long as he or she does not become judgementaljudgementaljudgemental. On the other hand,criticism should always be accompanied by appreciationappreciationappreciation. An appreciativeappreciative appreciative manager knows that a job well done needs to be praised and does not hesitate to commendcommendcommend his or her subordinatessubordinates [subordinate]subordinates.

There are, however, types of bosses that nobody would like to work under. A domineeringdomineering domineering chief who tyrannisestyrannises [tyrannise]tyrannises or simply bullies his or her employees is definitely one of that kind. This type of boss is always trying to dominatedominatedominate the work environment and be in its centre, and might easily become bossybossybossy which may lead straight to mobbingmobbingmobbing. The opposite would be a  cooperativecooperative cooperative boss who views his or her role not only as a supervisor but also as a person whose job is to cooperatecooperatecooperate with and help his staff succeed. There is even a philosophy of the so‑called ‘servant leadership’, which is based on premisepremisepremise that a leader should put the needs of the employees first and focus on helping them develop and perform at a maximum level. Perhaps, this is what makes a true leader out of a common boss – the ability to put aside their own ambitions for the sake of team success.

1 Źródło: Monika Kosiedowska, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise 2
Read the text above and choose the correct answer. There is only one correct answer in each point. 1. A Polish proverb says:
a) defy your boss, that will not make things worse.
b) respect your boss as you can always have one that is worse.
c) if you had a bad boss, you already learnt a difficult lesson.


2. A servant leader
a) bullies his or her subordinates.
b) cannot see their own flaws.
c) prioritises the needs of his team.

3. Leniency of a boss
a) is a trait which nobody would like to find in their bosses.
b) is good if you are capable of exercising self-control.
c) is always good at the start of your career.

4. What does a great leader do according to Orrin Woodward?
a) Focuses on helping ‘his people’ develop and perform.
b) Inspires others to challenge themselves.
c) Delegates all his duties to his subordinates.

5. The correlation between a good employee-manager relationship and overall job satisfaction is sometimes referred to as
a) the boss factor.
b) the servant leadership philosophy.
c) the constant boss.

6. A critical person
a) is always a bad boss.
b) is always a good boss.
c) may be a good boss as long as the criticism is just.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise 3
Read the text above. Then, drag and drop the elements below to fill in the text (summary). There is one extra word which does not fit anywhere. Anyone should want their boss to be     1. 1. inspiring, 2. criticism, 3. cooperative, 4. judgemental, 5. appreciative, 6. critical, 7. arrogant, 8. domineering     to bring out all their talents and skills. A     2. 1. inspiring, 2. criticism, 3. cooperative, 4. judgemental, 5. appreciative, 6. critical, 7. arrogant, 8. domineering     boss, focused on his or her team’s success, is also the one anyone would like. A     3. 1. inspiring, 2. criticism, 3. cooperative, 4. judgemental, 5. appreciative, 6. critical, 7. arrogant, 8. domineering     person may not necessarily be a bad leader as long as they are also     4. 1. inspiring, 2. criticism, 3. cooperative, 4. judgemental, 5. appreciative, 6. critical, 7. arrogant, 8. domineering.     A moderate dose of constructive     5. 1. inspiring, 2. criticism, 3. cooperative, 4. judgemental, 5. appreciative, 6. critical, 7. arrogant, 8. domineering     can be a good thing, enhancing your job performance. There are, however, some traits that nobody would like to find in their boss. A     6. 1. inspiring, 2. criticism, 3. cooperative, 4. judgemental, 5. appreciative, 6. critical, 7. arrogant, 8. domineering     person that bullies his or her subordinates isn’t one that anybody would like to work under. Also, an     7. 1. inspiring, 2. criticism, 3. cooperative, 4. judgemental, 5. appreciative, 6. critical, 7. arrogant, 8. domineering     person who cannot see their own flaws but is always eager to point out others’ faults, can make your job experience miserable.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 4

Based on the information from the text, write what makes a boss a good leader? Write 3‑4 sentences.

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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Słownik

appreciation
appreciation

/ əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wdzięczność (understanding that something is important and being grateful for it)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
appreciative
appreciative

/ əˈpriːʃiətɪv /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

doceniający/doceniająca (a person who understands the importance of something)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
arrogant
arrogant

/ ˈærəɡənt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

arogancki/arogancka (acting in an unpleasant way, as if they were better than others)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
bossy
bossy

/ ˈbɒsi /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

apodyktyczny/apodyktyczna (a person who tells others what to do who doesn’t like being refused)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
commend
commend

/ kəˈmend /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pochwalić (praise)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
cooperate
cooperate

/ kəʊˈɒpəreɪt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

współpracować (work together)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
cooperative
cooperative

/ kəʊˈɒpərətɪv /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

współpracujący/współpracująca (helpful by giving workers what they need)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
critical
critical

/ ˈkrɪtɪkl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

krytyczny/krytyczna (with a critical opinion)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
criticism
criticism

/ ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

krytyka (the act of giving severe judgement and expressing disapproval of somebody or something)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
defy
defy

/ dɪˈfaɪ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przeciwstawić się (oppose) 

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
demanding
demanding

/ dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wymagający/wymagająca (expecting a lot of work from the employees)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
determine your goals and priorities [determine one’s goal and priority]
determine your goals and priorities [determine one’s goal and priority]

/ dɪˈtɜːmɪn jə ɡəʊlz ənd praɪˈɒrɪtɪz / / dɪˈtɜːmɪn wʌnz ˈgəʊl ənd praɪˈɒrɪti /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

określić swoje cele i priorytety [określić swój cel i priorytet] (choose what is the most important)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
dominate
dominate

/ ˈdɒmɪneɪt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

dominować (try to control others)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
domineering
domineering

/ ˌdɒmɪˈnɪərɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

dominujący/dominująca, apodyktyczny/apodyktyczna (a person who tries to control others)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
excel in sth
excel in sth

/ ɪkˈsel ɪn ˈsʌmthetaɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wyróżniać się czymś, osiągać w czymś znakomite wyniki (stand out in something)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
feedback
feedback

/ ˈfiːdbæk /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

informacja zwrotna, opinia zwrotna (information about somebody’s performance)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
flaws [flaw]
flaws [flaw]

/ flɔːz / / flɔː /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wady [wada] (a negative feature of one's character)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
indulgent
indulgent

/ ɪnˈdʌldʒənt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pobłażliwy/pobłażliwa (tending to allow others to do and have what they want)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
inspiring
inspiring

/ ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

inspirujący/inspirująca (causing somebody to learn or do something)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
interdependence
interdependence

/ ˌɪntədɪˈpendəns /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

współzależność (being dependent on others)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
job performance
job performance

/ dʒɒb pəˈfɔːməns /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wydajność pracy (efficiency at work)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
judgemental
judgemental

/ dʒʌdʒˈmentl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

oceniający/oceniająca, krytyczny/krytyczna (criticising others too often and too quickly)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
leniency
leniency

/ ˈliːnɪənsi /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pobłażliwość (being less strict than desired)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
lenient
lenient

/ ˈliːnɪənt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pobłażliwy/pobłażliwa (not strict)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
mobbing
mobbing

/ ˈmɒbɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

mobbing, uporczywe prześladowanie (bully others)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
nitpicking
nitpicking

/ ˈnɪtˌpɪkɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

czepianie się szczegółów (paying too much attention on unnecessary things)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
point out others' faults [point out somebody’s fault]
point out others' faults [point out somebody’s fault]

/ poɪnt aʊt ˈʌðəz fɔːlts / / poɪnt aʊt ˈsəmˌbɑːdi fɔːlt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wytknąć innym błędy [wytykać komuś błąd] (show other peoples’ mistakes)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
premise
premise

/ ˈpremɪs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

założenie (a theory that leads to a reasonable conclusion)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
raise the bar
raise the bar

/ reɪz ðə bɑː /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

podnieść poprzeczkę [podnosić poprzeczkę] (try a more challenging task)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
strict
strict

/ strɪkt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

srogi/sroga, surowy/surowa (demanding the rules to be followed and obeyed)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
strictness
strictness

/ ˈstrɪktnəs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

srogość, surowość (the fact of being strict)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
subordinates [subordinate]
subordinates [subordinate]

/ səˈbɔːdɪneɪts / / səˈbɔːdɪneɪt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

podwładni [podwładny/podwładna] (worker)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
supervisor
supervisor

/ ˈsuːpəvaɪzə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przełożony/przełożona (a person who watches other workers to make sure they do the job correctly)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
tyrannises [tyrannise]
tyrannises [tyrannise]

/ ˈtɪrənaɪzɪz / / ˈtɪrənaɪz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

tyranizuje [tyranizować] (treat others in a cruel way)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.