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Have you ever heard your parents complaining about their bosses? Or, on the other hand, praising them for being open and caring? As you may have guessed, there are as many kinds of bosses in the world as there are people. In this lesson, however, we’ll categorise the most common types so you can find out which management style is best for you.
Czy kiedykolwiek słyszałeś/słyszałaś, jak twoi rodzice narzekali na swoich szefów? Albo, z drugiej strony, chwalili ich za to, że są otwarci i opiekuńczy? Jak zapewne się domyślasz, na świecie jest tyle typów szefów, ilu ludzi. W tej lekcji sklasyfikujemy najczęściej spotykane osobowości szefów, dzięki czemu dowiesz się, który styl zarządzania najbardziej ci odpowiada.

Study the text and do the exercise(s) below.
Types of BossesA Polish proverb says: appreciate your boss, you can always have a worse one. There is a lot of truth in this saying since your job performancejob performance and, most of all, your job satisfaction largely depend on your boss’s character. The interdependenceinterdependence between good employee‑management relations and general job satisfaction has been scientifically proven and is sometimes called ‘the boss factor’. An inspiringinspiring boss will bring out all your talents and skills and make you excel in your job. As Orrin Woodward, an American writer and entrepreneur, said, ‘average leaders raise the barraise the bar on themselves; good leaders raise the bar for others; great leaders inspire others to raise their own bar.’ Instead, an arrogantarrogant boss will probably make your job experience miserable. Nobody is perfect. Who would like to work under a person that cannot see their own flawsflaws but is always eager to point out others’ faultspoint out others’ faults?
To be frank, there is no universal type of a perfect boss. Ask yourself a question: what kind of supervisorsupervisor would you prefer: a lenientlenient or a strictstrict one? Both types have their pros and cons. LeniencyLeniency of a boss usually leaves it up to you to determine your goals and prioritiesdetermine your goals and priorities. If you are able to self‑discipline and self‑organise at work, an indulgentindulgent boss is your kind of a boss. But some people, especially those who are at the start of their careers, might simply need someone to point out to them what to do next, and a demandingdemanding employer motivates them to learn. Probably the thing that makes a good leader is a mixture of leniency and strictnessstrictness.
Should a criticalcritical person be considered a bad boss? Not necessarily. There is a huge difference between fair criticismcriticism and unjustified nitpickingnitpicking. A critical boss whose feedbackfeedback lets you improve your job performance may not be so bad as long as he or she does not become judgementaljudgemental. On the other hand,criticism should always be accompanied by appreciationappreciation. An appreciativeappreciative manager knows that a job well done needs to be praised and does not hesitate to commendcommend his or her subordinatessubordinates.
There are, however, types of bosses that nobody would like to work under. A domineeringdomineering chief who tyrannisestyrannises or simply bullies his or her employees is definitely one of that kind. This type of boss is always trying to dominatedominate the work environment and be in its centre, and might easily become bossybossy which may lead straight to mobbingmobbing. The opposite would be a cooperativecooperative boss who views his or her role not only as a supervisor but also as a person whose job is to cooperatecooperate with and help his staff succeed. There is even a philosophy of the so‑called ‘servant leadership’, which is based on premisepremise that a leader should put the needs of the employees first and focus on helping them develop and perform at a maximum level. Perhaps, this is what makes a true leader out of a common boss – the ability to put aside their own ambitions for the sake of team success.
Źródło: Monika Kosiedowska, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
a) defy your boss, that will not make things worse.
b) respect your boss as you can always have one that is worse.
c) if you had a bad boss, you already learnt a difficult lesson.
2. A servant leader
a) bullies his or her subordinates.
b) cannot see their own flaws.
c) prioritises the needs of his team.
3. Leniency of a boss
a) is a trait which nobody would like to find in their bosses.
b) is good if you are capable of exercising self-control.
c) is always good at the start of your career.
4. What does a great leader do according to Orrin Woodward?
a) Focuses on helping ‘his people’ develop and perform.
b) Inspires others to challenge themselves.
c) Delegates all his duties to his subordinates.
5. The correlation between a good employee-manager relationship and overall job satisfaction is sometimes referred to as
a) the boss factor.
b) the servant leadership philosophy.
c) the constant boss.
6. A critical person
a) is always a bad boss.
b) is always a good boss.
c) may be a good boss as long as the criticism is just.
Based on the information from the text, write what makes a boss a good leader? Write 3‑4 sentences.
Słownik
/ əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn̩ /
wdzięczność (understanding that something is important and being grateful for it)
/ əˈpriːʃiətɪv /
doceniający/doceniająca (a person who understands the importance of something)
/ ˈærəɡənt /
arogancki/arogancka (acting in an unpleasant way, as if they were better than others)
/ ˈbɒsi /
apodyktyczny/apodyktyczna (a person who tells others what to do who doesn’t like being refused)
/ kəˈmend /
pochwalić (praise)
/ kəʊˈɒpəreɪt /
współpracować (work together)
/ kəʊˈɒpərətɪv /
współpracujący/współpracująca (helpful by giving workers what they need)
/ ˈkrɪtɪkl̩ /
krytyczny/krytyczna (with a critical opinion)
/ ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm /
krytyka (the act of giving severe judgement and expressing disapproval of somebody or something)
/ dɪˈfaɪ /
przeciwstawić się (oppose)
/ dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ /
wymagający/wymagająca (expecting a lot of work from the employees)
/ dɪˈtɜːmɪn jə ɡəʊlz ənd praɪˈɒrɪtɪz / / dɪˈtɜːmɪn wʌnz ˈgəʊl ənd praɪˈɒrɪti /
określić swoje cele i priorytety [określić swój cel i priorytet] (choose what is the most important)
/ ˈdɒmɪneɪt /
dominować (try to control others)
/ ˌdɒmɪˈnɪərɪŋ /
dominujący/dominująca, apodyktyczny/apodyktyczna (a person who tries to control others)
/ ɪkˈsel ɪn ˈsʌmthetaɪŋ /
wyróżniać się czymś, osiągać w czymś znakomite wyniki (stand out in something)
/ ˈfiːdbæk /
informacja zwrotna, opinia zwrotna (information about somebody’s performance)
/ flɔːz / / flɔː /
wady [wada] (a negative feature of one's character)
/ ɪnˈdʌldʒənt /
pobłażliwy/pobłażliwa (tending to allow others to do and have what they want)
/ ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ /
inspirujący/inspirująca (causing somebody to learn or do something)
/ ˌɪntədɪˈpendəns /
współzależność (being dependent on others)
/ dʒɒb pəˈfɔːməns /
wydajność pracy (efficiency at work)
/ dʒʌdʒˈmentl̩ /
oceniający/oceniająca, krytyczny/krytyczna (criticising others too often and too quickly)
/ ˈliːnɪənsi /
pobłażliwość (being less strict than desired)
/ ˈliːnɪənt /
pobłażliwy/pobłażliwa (not strict)
/ ˈmɒbɪŋ /
mobbing, uporczywe prześladowanie (bully others)
/ ˈnɪtˌpɪkɪŋ /
czepianie się szczegółów (paying too much attention on unnecessary things)
/ poɪnt aʊt ˈʌðəz fɔːlts / / poɪnt aʊt ˈsəmˌbɑːdi fɔːlt /
wytknąć innym błędy [wytykać komuś błąd] (show other peoples’ mistakes)
/ ˈpremɪs /
założenie (a theory that leads to a reasonable conclusion)
/ reɪz ðə bɑː /
podnieść poprzeczkę [podnosić poprzeczkę] (try a more challenging task)
/ strɪkt /
srogi/sroga, surowy/surowa (demanding the rules to be followed and obeyed)
/ ˈstrɪktnəs /
srogość, surowość (the fact of being strict)
/ səˈbɔːdɪneɪts / / səˈbɔːdɪneɪt /
podwładni [podwładny/podwładna] (worker)
/ ˈsuːpəvaɪzə /
przełożony/przełożona (a person who watches other workers to make sure they do the job correctly)
/ ˈtɪrənaɪzɪz / / ˈtɪrənaɪz /
tyranizuje [tyranizować] (treat others in a cruel way)