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The picture below shows a rubbish bin with some food waste in it. What if it could speak? In this section, you are going to read a text about food waste from the perspective of this object. Before you read it, think: do you waste food? Could you use the excess food in a useful way?

Poniższe zdjęcie przedstawia kosz na śmieci z odpadkami w środku. Co by było, gdyby potrafił mówić? W tej sekcji przeczytasz tekst na temat marnowania żywności napisany z perspektywy tego przedmiotu. Zanim przeczytasz, zastanów się: czy ty marnujesz jedzenie? Czy mógłbyś/mogłabyś wykorzystać nadprogramową żywność w bardziej pożyteczny sposób?

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The food we throw away
Żywność, którą wyrzucamy
Źródło: dostępny w internecie: pixabay.com [dostęp 28.11.2021], domena publiczna.
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Exercise 1
Drag and drop the words into the correct category. The number of elements may vary. Liquid waste Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. apple cores, 2. thermometer, 3. pet food, 4. spa bath chemicals, 5. cut flowers, 6. oil, 7. paper, 8. dirty water, 9. potato peels, 10. glass, 11. batteries, 12. detergents, 13. plastic, 14. metal and tins Organic waste Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. apple cores, 2. thermometer, 3. pet food, 4. spa bath chemicals, 5. cut flowers, 6. oil, 7. paper, 8. dirty water, 9. potato peels, 10. glass, 11. batteries, 12. detergents, 13. plastic, 14. metal and tins Solid waste Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. apple cores, 2. thermometer, 3. pet food, 4. spa bath chemicals, 5. cut flowers, 6. oil, 7. paper, 8. dirty water, 9. potato peels, 10. glass, 11. batteries, 12. detergents, 13. plastic, 14. metal and tins Hazardous waste Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. apple cores, 2. thermometer, 3. pet food, 4. spa bath chemicals, 5. cut flowers, 6. oil, 7. paper, 8. dirty water, 9. potato peels, 10. glass, 11. batteries, 12. detergents, 13. plastic, 14. metal and tins
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Study the text and do the exercises below.

A Day in the Life of a Rubbish Bin
Agnieszka Sękiewicz‑Magoń A Day in the Life of a Rubbish Bin

Today was no different from any other day. It started with some mouldymouldymouldy bread (the mouldmouldmould just began to show on one side), egg shells, some meat which started to go offgo offgo off, smelly cheese, and a rottenrottenrotten tomato. Around lunch, a piece of stalestalestale cake was added to my contents. After dinner, the leftoversleftoversleftovers landed on the pile as well, even though most of them hadn’t even started to rotrotrot yet. I just don’t get it: people stock up onstock up onstock up on food and then half of it will go to wastego to wastego to waste! It just doesn’t make any sense to me.

But food that can go badgo badgo bad and become inedibleinedibleinedible is not the only type of waste they discarddiscarddiscard. The domestic refusedomestic refusedomestic refuse that they produce is so varied: it can be anything from dust, cans, bottles, paper or bones to sanitary waste — anything generated from day‑to‑day household activities. Luckily, they segregate garbage, so all these things don’t land inside me. Nearby, there are other bins, my friends, which specialise in a given type of rubbish. Still, people wastewaste (verb)waste too much, and overconsumptionoverconsumptionoverconsumption is to blame if you ask me.

The food industryfood industryfood industry has become so complex, and with all the machinery and technology that is used for food processingfood processingfood processing (you know: washing, chopping, pasteurising, freezing, fermenting, packaging, etc.), it can produce more and more, until it’s too much and it ends up in uncontrolled overproductionoverproductionoverproduction. But people want more! They get easily taken in by shop promotions of the BOGOFBOGOF (buy one, get one free)BOGOF type: they buy one product and get one free. Then, it turns out that this second product was totally unnecessary and eventually it lands in a dumpsterdumpsterdumpster.

What worries me is the fact that people rarely think about their rubbish and its impact on the environment. I’m proud that most of my contents consists of biodegradable wastebiodegradable wastebiodegradable waste, which means that it can be decomposed by other living organisms and recycled through compostingcomposting [compost]composting thus enriching the soil to help plants grow. I’m sure, however, that most people don’t know that of those billions of pounds of food that go to waste every year, much is perfectly edibleedibleedible and nutritiousnutritiousnutritious, so it could actually still be eaten. Unfortunately, food safety regulationsfood safety regulationsfood safety regulations state that only 10‑15% of unused perishableperishableperishable food can be re‑purposedre‑purposedre‑purposed or donated once it reaches its best before datebest before datebest before date, which means that most of such food ends up in landfill siteslandfill sites [landfill site]landfill sites.This is dangerous because it gradually breaks down there to form methane, a greenhouse gas that is 86 times more powerful than carbon dioxide.

One last final thought for today: food loss vs food wastefood loss vs food wastefood loss vs food waste. The formerthe former… the latter…The former refers to any edible food which goes damaged or is not used at the production, storage, processing or distribution stage, whereas the latterthe former… the latter…the latter is food wasted at the consumer or retail level. So, a yoghurt which got spilt during transportation is food loss, while an apple with a dark spot, which landed in a rubbish bin for this reason, is food waste.

That’s it for today. Hope you will pay more attention to what you put inside me! 

1 Źródło: Agnieszka Sękiewicz‑Magoń , licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 2
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Read the text above and choose the correct answer.
  1. From the first paragraph, we can draw the conclusion that the rubbish bin’s purpose is
    a) hazardous waste.
    b) organic waste.
    c) solid waste.
    d) garden waste.

  2. According to the description in the second paragraph, domestic refuse includes:
    a) metal and plastic objects.
    b) hazardous waste.
    c) organic waste.
    d) all of the above if generated at home

  3. BOGOF is
    a) a type of food processing.
    b) a type of shop.
    c) a type of promotion.
    d) a type of product.

  4. According to the text, throwing perishable organic food in a landfill site
    a) is what we should do.
    b) adds to the greenhouse effect.
    c) helps to create compost.
    d) is dangerous because it produces carbon dioxide.

  5. Which of the sentences below is expressed in the text as a fact, not an opinion?
    a) Only about one tenth of unused food can be given away or reused.
    b) Overconsumption is the main reason for food waste.
    c) People waste too much food.
    d) People don’t realise that most of the wasted food is still good to eat.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise 3
Drag and drop words and phrases from the text to fill in the gaps in the sentences.

  1. The steak was burnt, but not     1. LEFTOVERS, 2. ROT, 3. STALE, 4. MOULD, 5. INEDIBLE, 6. DISCARD, 7. GO TO WASTE, 8. FOOD PROCESSING.
  2. If you notice     1. LEFTOVERS, 2. ROT, 3. STALE, 4. MOULD, 5. INEDIBLE, 6. DISCARD, 7. GO TO WASTE, 8. FOOD PROCESSING     on bread or a vegetable, you shouldn’t eat it.
  3. I love using     1. LEFTOVERS, 2. ROT, 3. STALE, 4. MOULD, 5. INEDIBLE, 6. DISCARD, 7. GO TO WASTE, 8. FOOD PROCESSING     from the previous day in a creative way by making new meals.
  4. 1. LEFTOVERS, 2. ROT, 3. STALE, 4. MOULD, 5. INEDIBLE, 6. DISCARD, 7. GO TO WASTE, 8. FOOD PROCESSING     can sometimes negatively affect the nutritional quality of food by losing some minerals and vitamins.
  5. We shouldn’t     1. LEFTOVERS, 2. ROT, 3. STALE, 4. MOULD, 5. INEDIBLE, 6. DISCARD, 7. GO TO WASTE, 8. FOOD PROCESSING     all the food that we can’t eat at once.
  6. Plastic and metal do not     1. LEFTOVERS, 2. ROT, 3. STALE, 4. MOULD, 5. INEDIBLE, 6. DISCARD, 7. GO TO WASTE, 8. FOOD PROCESSING,     as they are not biodegradable.
  7. After several days the bread became so     1. LEFTOVERS, 2. ROT, 3. STALE, 4. MOULD, 5. INEDIBLE, 6. DISCARD, 7. GO TO WASTE, 8. FOOD PROCESSING     that you couldn’t even cut a slice.
  8. It’s a pity that so much good food will     1. LEFTOVERS, 2. ROT, 3. STALE, 4. MOULD, 5. INEDIBLE, 6. DISCARD, 7. GO TO WASTE, 8. FOOD PROCESSING     if more people don’t come.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise 4
Type in the missing words which appeared in the text to complete the sentences below.
  1. Every year, around nine million tonnes of food     Tu uzupełnij     in Poland, although it could be eaten or reused.
  2. Greenhouse gases produced by decomposing food have a very negative     Tu uzupełnij     the environment.
  3. I think the milk     Tu uzupełnij,     don’t drink it.
  4. The more waste is recycled, the less is sent to     Tu uzupełnij.
  5. Always check     Tu uzupełnij     dates and pay special attention to     Tu uzupełnij     foods like dairy products or ham.
  6. Government regulators have introduced tougher     Tu uzupełnij     in response to several cases of contaminated food products found in supermarkets.
  7. One of the reasons why we waste so much food is     Tu uzupełnij,     when too much is produced.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Słownik

best before date
best before date

/ best bɪˈfɔː deɪt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

termin przydatności do spożycia (data najlepszej jakości) (the date after which the food will still be edible but may not be at its best)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
biodegradable waste
biodegradable waste

/ ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl̩ weɪst /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

odpady biodegradowalne (waste capable of being decomposed)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
BOGOF (buy one, get one free)
BOGOF (buy one, get one free)

/ ˈbɑːɡɑːf/ / baɪ wʌn ˈget wʌn friː /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

kup jeden, dostaniesz drugi za darmo (getting two of the same product but paying only for one)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
carbon footprint
carbon footprint

/ ˈkɑ:bən ˈfʊtprɪnt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

ślad węglowy (the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual, organisation, or community)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
composting [compost]
composting [compost]

/ ˈkɒmpɒstɪŋ / / ˈkɒmpɒst /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

kompostowanie [kompostować] (to collect and store plant material so it can decay and be added to soil to improve its quality)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
discard
discard

/ dɪˈskɑːd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wyrzucać (to throw something away or get rid of it because you no longer want or need it)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
domestic refuse
domestic refuse

/ dəˈmestɪk rɪˈfjuːz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

odpady domowe (waste created at home)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
dumpster
dumpster

/ ˈdəmpstə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

śmietnik (a very large container for rubbish, US trademark)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
edible
edible

/ ˈedɪbl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

jadalny (fit or suitable to be eaten)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
food industry
food industry

/ fuːd ˈɪndəstri /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przemysł spożywczy (a complex, global network of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world's population)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
food loss vs food waste
food loss vs food waste

/ fuːd ˈlɒs viːz fuːd weɪst /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

strata żywności versus marnowanie żywności (losing food due to specific circumstances versus wasting perfectly fine food)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
food processing
food processing

/ fuːd ˈprəʊsesɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przetwarzanie żywności (the action of performing a series of mechanical or chemical operations on food in order to change or preserve it)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
food safety regulations
food safety regulations

/ fuːd ˈseɪfti ˌreɡjʊˈleɪʃn̩z /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przepisy dotyczące bezpieczeństwa żywności (regulations concerning how food should be made, packaged etc.)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
go bad
go bad

/ ˈɡəʊ bæd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zepsuć się (to become inedible)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
go off
go off

/ ˈɡəʊ ɒf /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zepsuć się (to become inedible)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
go to waste
go to waste

/ ˈɡəʊ tu weɪst /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zmarnować się (to be unused or expended to no purpose)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
impact on the environment
impact on the environment

/ ɪmˈpækt ˈɒn ði ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wpływ na środowisko (influence of specific actions on the environment)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
inedible
inedible

/ ɪnˈedəbl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

niejadalny (not fit or suitable to be eaten)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
landfill sites [landfill site]
landfill sites [landfill site]

/ ˈlændfɪl saɪts / / ˈlændfɪl saɪt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wysypiska śmieci [wysypisko śmieci] (waste that is buried in the ground in large amounts)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
leftovers
leftovers

/ ˈleftəʊvəz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

resztki jedzenia, pozostałości (food left from cooking)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
mould
mould

/ məʊld /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pleśń (a soft, green or grey growth that develops on old food or on objects that have been left for too long in warm, wet air)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
mouldy
mouldy

/ ˈməʊldi /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

spleśniały (covered in mould)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
nutritious
nutritious

/ njuːˈtrɪʃəs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

odżywczy (rich in nutrients)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
overconsumption
overconsumption

/ ˈəʊvəkənˌsəmpʃən /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

nadmierna konsumpcja (the action or fact of consuming something to excess)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
overproduction
overproduction

/ ˌəʊvəprəˈdʌkʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

nadprodukcja (the action of producing something to excess)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
perishable
perishable

/ ˈperɪʃəbl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

łatwo psujący się (likely to go bad quickly)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
re‑purposed
re‑purposed

/ ˌriːˈpəːpəst /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wykorzystany ponownie (used again)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
rot
rot

/ rɒt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

gnić (to go bad)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
rotten
rotten

/ ˈrɒtn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zgniły (a thing that has gone bad)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
stale
stale

/ steɪl /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

czerstwy, stęchły, nieświeży (no longer fresh and pleasant to eat; hard, musty, or dry)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
stock up on
stock up on

/ stɒk ˈʌp ɒn /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zaopatrzyć się w (to get a large quantity of something for later use)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
the former… the latter…
the former… the latter…

/ ðə ˈfɔːmə ðə ˈlætə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pierwszy z nich… drugi z nich… (the first and the second)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
waste (verb)
waste (verb)

/ weɪst /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

marnować (to use or expend carelessly, extravagantly, or to no purpose)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.