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The British political system is a constitutional monarchy, also called a parliamentary monarchy. This means that the monarch does not get actively involved in the policy making processes. It’s the Prime Minister and the government chosen in the general election who shape the policies of the United Kingdom. Read on to find out how they are elected and what their duties are.

System polityczny Wielkiej Brytanii to monarchia konstytucyjna, zwana też monarchią parlamentarną. Oznacza to, że monarcha nie ma władzy absolutnej i nie jest bezpośrednio zaangażowany w procesy kształtowania polityki własnego kraju. To premier wraz z rządem wybranym w wyborach powszechnych kształtują politykę Zjednoczonego Królestwa. Przeczytaj, w jaki sposób są wybierani i co należy do ich obowiązków.

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Voting is your right
Głosowanie jest twoim prawem.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 1
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Match the terms connected with elections to their definitions. parliamentary constituency Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a person authorised to act on behalf of another; in the case of an election – a person who can cast a ballot on behalf of a person who cannot do it personally, 2. a building, such as a school or community centre, where voting takes place during an election, 3. a survey carried out among people leaving polling places on the basis of which first unofficial results of elections are announced, 4. a sheet of paper with a list of candidates in a given election; people choose their candidate from this list by marking a cross next to the name of their candidate, 5. in the UK it’s called the House of Commons; it’s one of the two bodies that a parliament can consist of and it’s responsible for making law, among other things, 6. one of 650 areas into which the UK is divided for voting purposes; each chooses one representative to the House of Commons ballot Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a person authorised to act on behalf of another; in the case of an election – a person who can cast a ballot on behalf of a person who cannot do it personally, 2. a building, such as a school or community centre, where voting takes place during an election, 3. a survey carried out among people leaving polling places on the basis of which first unofficial results of elections are announced, 4. a sheet of paper with a list of candidates in a given election; people choose their candidate from this list by marking a cross next to the name of their candidate, 5. in the UK it’s called the House of Commons; it’s one of the two bodies that a parliament can consist of and it’s responsible for making law, among other things, 6. one of 650 areas into which the UK is divided for voting purposes; each chooses one representative to the House of Commons proxy Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a person authorised to act on behalf of another; in the case of an election – a person who can cast a ballot on behalf of a person who cannot do it personally, 2. a building, such as a school or community centre, where voting takes place during an election, 3. a survey carried out among people leaving polling places on the basis of which first unofficial results of elections are announced, 4. a sheet of paper with a list of candidates in a given election; people choose their candidate from this list by marking a cross next to the name of their candidate, 5. in the UK it’s called the House of Commons; it’s one of the two bodies that a parliament can consist of and it’s responsible for making law, among other things, 6. one of 650 areas into which the UK is divided for voting purposes; each chooses one representative to the House of Commons polling place Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a person authorised to act on behalf of another; in the case of an election – a person who can cast a ballot on behalf of a person who cannot do it personally, 2. a building, such as a school or community centre, where voting takes place during an election, 3. a survey carried out among people leaving polling places on the basis of which first unofficial results of elections are announced, 4. a sheet of paper with a list of candidates in a given election; people choose their candidate from this list by marking a cross next to the name of their candidate, 5. in the UK it’s called the House of Commons; it’s one of the two bodies that a parliament can consist of and it’s responsible for making law, among other things, 6. one of 650 areas into which the UK is divided for voting purposes; each chooses one representative to the House of Commons exit poll Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a person authorised to act on behalf of another; in the case of an election – a person who can cast a ballot on behalf of a person who cannot do it personally, 2. a building, such as a school or community centre, where voting takes place during an election, 3. a survey carried out among people leaving polling places on the basis of which first unofficial results of elections are announced, 4. a sheet of paper with a list of candidates in a given election; people choose their candidate from this list by marking a cross next to the name of their candidate, 5. in the UK it’s called the House of Commons; it’s one of the two bodies that a parliament can consist of and it’s responsible for making law, among other things, 6. one of 650 areas into which the UK is divided for voting purposes; each chooses one representative to the House of Commons lower chamber Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a person authorised to act on behalf of another; in the case of an election – a person who can cast a ballot on behalf of a person who cannot do it personally, 2. a building, such as a school or community centre, where voting takes place during an election, 3. a survey carried out among people leaving polling places on the basis of which first unofficial results of elections are announced, 4. a sheet of paper with a list of candidates in a given election; people choose their candidate from this list by marking a cross next to the name of their candidate, 5. in the UK it’s called the House of Commons; it’s one of the two bodies that a parliament can consist of and it’s responsible for making law, among other things, 6. one of 650 areas into which the UK is divided for voting purposes; each chooses one representative to the House of Commons
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Read the text and do the exercises below.

The First Past the Post
Anna Posyniak‑Dutka The First Past the Post

How do British people impactimpactimpact the decisions taken on their behalfon their behalf [on somebody’s behalf]on their behalf in the central government? It happens through their representatives called Members of the ParliamentMembers of Parliament [Member of Parliament]Members of the Parliament. They form the House of CommonsHouse of CommonsHouse of Commons. They are chosen in general elections, once every 5 years, and represent one of the local areas called parliamentary constituenciesparliamentary constituencies [parliamentary constituency]parliamentary constituencies. There are 650 of those in the UK and each chooses one representative.

In order to vote in the general election, you have to meet a few criteriameet a few criteria [meet criteria]meet a few criteria. First of all, you have to be a British or Irish citizen. On top of that, you need to be 18 years of age, and be a resident in the UK. You will also have to register with the local authorities to cast a ballot.

General election lasts one day and voters can cast their votescast their votes [cast one’s vote]cast their votes in person, via postvia postvia post, or by proxyby proxyby proxy. The MPs are elected according to the First Past the Post systemFirst Past the Post systemFirst Past the Post system and it simply means that the candidate with the biggest number of votes wins. All MPs elected that way secure placessecure places [secure a place]secure places in the House of Commons. There are 650 of them. Polling placespolling places [polling place]Polling places close at 10 p.m. on the election day and vote counting starts. The first results are announced according to exit pollsexit polls [exit poll]exit polls. The official results are usually announced the following day.

The leader of the winning party becomes the Prime Minister. His Majesty the King invites the leader to Buckingham Palace and gives them the mission to form the government on his behalf. Alongside the official government, the leader of the opposition forms a shadow cabinetshadow cabinet . Its function is to check and control all the actions and decisions taken by the members of the government. The new Prime Minister and their government start fulfilling the promises they made to their voters during their campaign.

1 Źródło: Anna Posyniak‑Dutka, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 2

Choose correct answer.

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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 3
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Match the words and phrases from the text with their definitions. as a representative of someone Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. exit polls, 2. meet a few criteria, 3. hold its ministers accountable, 4. snap election, 5. on their behalf to fulfil requirements to be able to do something Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. exit polls, 2. meet a few criteria, 3. hold its ministers accountable, 4. snap election, 5. on their behalf questionnaires carried out among people who leave polling stations Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. exit polls, 2. meet a few criteria, 3. hold its ministers accountable, 4. snap election, 5. on their behalf election called earlier than was planned Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. exit polls, 2. meet a few criteria, 3. hold its ministers accountable, 4. snap election, 5. on their behalf to make ministers accept responsibility for their promises and actions Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. exit polls, 2. meet a few criteria, 3. hold its ministers accountable, 4. snap election, 5. on their behalf
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 4

Answer the questions using the information from the text.

  1. What is the House of Commons?

  2. Who can vote in the general election in the UK?

  3. What is a shadow cabinet?

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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Słownik

by proxy
by proxy

/ ˈbaɪ ˈprɒksi /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

za pośrednictwem pełnomocnika

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
cast a ballot
cast a ballot

/ kɑ:st ə ˈbælət /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

oddać głos

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
cast their votes [cast one’s vote]
cast their votes [cast one’s vote]

/ kɑ:st ðeə vəʊts / / kɑ:st wʌnz vəʊt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

oddać swoje głosy [oddać swój głos]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
exit polls [exit poll]
exit polls [exit poll]

/ ˈeksɪt pəʊlz / / ˈeksɪt pəʊl /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

sondaże przy wyjściach z lokali wyborczych [sondaż przy wyjściu z lokalu wyborczego]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
First Past the Post system
First Past the Post system

/ ˈfɜ:st pɑːst ðə pəʊst ˈsɪstəm /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

system głosowania, w którym zdobywca największej liczby głosów wygrywa wybory (the rule according to which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate wins)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
fulfilling promises [fulfil a promise]
fulfilling promises [fulfil a promise]

/ fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ ˈprɒmɪsɪz / / fʊlˈfɪl ə ˈprɒmɪs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

spełniać obietnice [spełnić obietnicę]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
general election
general election

/ ˈdʒenr̩əl ɪˈlekʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wybory powszechne

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
House of Commons
House of Commons

/ haʊz əv ˈkɒmənz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

Izba Gmin (the lower chamber of the British Parliament. It consists of Members of Parliament chosen in general election)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
impact
impact

/ ɪmˈpækt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wpływają na [wpływać na coś]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
in person
in person

/ ɪn ˈpɜːsn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

osobiście

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
meet a few criteria [meet criteria]
meet a few criteria [meet criteria]

/ miːt ə fjuː kraɪˈtɪərɪə / / miːt kraɪˈtɪərɪə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

spełnić kilka kryteriów [spełniać kryteria]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
Members of Parliament [Member of Parliament]
Members of Parliament [Member of Parliament]

/ ˈmembəz əv ˈpɑːləmənt / / ˈmembər əv ˈpɑːləmənt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

posłowie/posłanki [poseł/posłanka] (people chosen in general election to represent the nation; one is chosen in each parliamentary constituency)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
on their behalf [on somebody’s behalf]
on their behalf [on somebody’s behalf]

/ ˈɒn ðeə bɪˈhɑːf / / ˈɒn ˈsəmˌbɑːdis bɪˈhɑːf /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

w ich imieniu [w czyimś imieniu]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
parliamentary constituencies [parliamentary constituency]
parliamentary constituencies [parliamentary constituency]

/ ˌpɑːləˈmentri kənˈstɪtjʊənsɪz / / ˌpɑːləˈmentri kənˈstɪtjʊənsi /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

parlamentarne okręgi wyborcze [parlamentarny okręg wyborczy] (650 areas into which the UK is divided for voting purposes; each chooses one representative to the House of Commons)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
polling places [polling place]
polling places [polling place]

/ ˈpəʊlɪŋ ˈpleɪsɪz / / ˈpəʊlɪŋ ˈpleɪs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

lokale wyborcze [lokal wyborczy]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
secure places [secure a place]
secure places [secure a place]

/ sɪˈkjʊə ˈpleɪsɪz / / sɪˈkjʊər ə ˈpleɪs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zapewnić miejsca [zapewnić miejsce]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
shadow cabinet
shadow cabinet

/ ʃædəʊ ˈkæbɪnət /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

gabinet cieni

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
via post
via post

/ ˌvaɪə pəʊst /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pocztą

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY‑SA 3.0

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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.