Przeczytaj
The British political system is a constitutional monarchy, also called a parliamentary monarchy. This means that the monarch does not get actively involved in the policy making processes. It’s the Prime Minister and the government chosen in the general election who shape the policies of the United Kingdom. Read on to find out how they are elected and what their duties are.
System polityczny Wielkiej Brytanii to monarchia konstytucyjna, zwana też monarchią parlamentarną. Oznacza to, że monarcha nie ma władzy absolutnej i nie jest bezpośrednio zaangażowany w procesy kształtowania polityki własnego kraju. To premier wraz z rządem wybranym w wyborach powszechnych kształtują politykę Zjednoczonego Królestwa. Przeczytaj, w jaki sposób są wybierani i co należy do ich obowiązków.

Read the text and do the exercises below.
The First Past the PostHow do British people impactimpact the decisions taken on their behalfon their behalf in the central government? It happens through their representatives called Members of the ParliamentMembers of the Parliament. They form the House of CommonsHouse of Commons. They are chosen in general elections, once every 5 years, and represent one of the local areas called parliamentary constituenciesparliamentary constituencies. There are 650 of those in the UK and each chooses one representative.
In order to vote in the general election, you have to meet a few criteriameet a few criteria. First of all, you have to be a British or Irish citizen. On top of that, you need to be 18 years of age, and be a resident in the UK. You will also have to register with the local authorities to cast a ballot.
General election lasts one day and voters can cast their votescast their votes in person, via postvia post, or by proxyby proxy. The MPs are elected according to the First Past the Post systemFirst Past the Post system and it simply means that the candidate with the biggest number of votes wins. All MPs elected that way secure placessecure places in the House of Commons. There are 650 of them. Polling placesPolling places close at 10 p.m. on the election day and vote counting starts. The first results are announced according to exit pollsexit polls. The official results are usually announced the following day.
The leader of the winning party becomes the Prime Minister. His Majesty the King invites the leader to Buckingham Palace and gives them the mission to form the government on his behalf. Alongside the official government, the leader of the opposition forms a shadow cabinet . Its function is to check and control all the actions and decisions taken by the members of the government. The new Prime Minister and their government start fulfilling the promises they made to their voters during their campaign.
Źródło: Anna Posyniak‑Dutka, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Choose correct answer.
Answer the questions using the information from the text.
What is the House of Commons?
Who can vote in the general election in the UK?
What is a shadow cabinet?
Słownik
/ ˈbaɪ ˈprɒksi /
za pośrednictwem pełnomocnika
/ kɑ:st ə ˈbælət /
oddać głos
/ kɑ:st ðeə vəʊts / / kɑ:st wʌnz vəʊt /
oddać swoje głosy [oddać swój głos]
/ ˈeksɪt pəʊlz / / ˈeksɪt pəʊl /
sondaże przy wyjściach z lokali wyborczych [sondaż przy wyjściu z lokalu wyborczego]
/ ˈfɜ:st pɑːst ðə pəʊst ˈsɪstəm /
system głosowania, w którym zdobywca największej liczby głosów wygrywa wybory (the rule according to which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate wins)
/ fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ ˈprɒmɪsɪz / / fʊlˈfɪl ə ˈprɒmɪs /
spełniać obietnice [spełnić obietnicę]
/ ˈdʒenr̩əl ɪˈlekʃn̩ /
wybory powszechne
/ haʊz əv ˈkɒmənz /
Izba Gmin (the lower chamber of the British Parliament. It consists of Members of Parliament chosen in general election)
/ ɪmˈpækt /
wpływają na [wpływać na coś]
/ ɪn ˈpɜːsn̩ /
osobiście
/ miːt ə fjuː kraɪˈtɪərɪə / / miːt kraɪˈtɪərɪə /
spełnić kilka kryteriów [spełniać kryteria]
/ ˈmembəz əv ˈpɑːləmənt / / ˈmembər əv ˈpɑːləmənt /
posłowie/posłanki [poseł/posłanka] (people chosen in general election to represent the nation; one is chosen in each parliamentary constituency)
/ ˈɒn ðeə bɪˈhɑːf / / ˈɒn ˈsəmˌbɑːdis bɪˈhɑːf /
w ich imieniu [w czyimś imieniu]
/ ˌpɑːləˈmentri kənˈstɪtjʊənsɪz / / ˌpɑːləˈmentri kənˈstɪtjʊənsi /
parlamentarne okręgi wyborcze [parlamentarny okręg wyborczy] (650 areas into which the UK is divided for voting purposes; each chooses one representative to the House of Commons)
/ ˈpəʊlɪŋ ˈpleɪsɪz / / ˈpəʊlɪŋ ˈpleɪs /
lokale wyborcze [lokal wyborczy]
/ sɪˈkjʊə ˈpleɪsɪz / / sɪˈkjʊər ə ˈpleɪs /
zapewnić miejsca [zapewnić miejsce]
/ ʃædəʊ ˈkæbɪnət /
gabinet cieni
/ ˌvaɪə pəʊst /
pocztą
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY‑SA 3.0