Przeczytaj
The picture below shows a couple enjoying their life while being retired. Is this how you imagine your own retirement? In the text from this section, you will find some information about the choices people have when they are considering retirement.
Poniższe zdjęcie przedstawia parę będącą na emeryturze, która korzysta z życia. Czy tak wyobrażasz sobie własną emeryturę? W w tej sekcji znajdziesz informacje dotyczące wyboru, jaki mają ludzie rozważający przejście na emeryturę.
Read the text and do the exercises below.
Retirement TrendsWhile some baby boomersbaby boomers decided to retireretire a few years ago, others are just entering the retirement ageretirement age and considering their options. Basically, they have two choices: they can either fully retire or semi‑retiresemi‑retire. The latter means they can decide on downshiftingdownshifting their work duties, so as to work less and have more opportunities for leisure. Whichever option they choose, the future retireesretirees will have to take several factors into consideration. The most important one is their finances.
Full retirement means being able to fully enjoy public pension benefitspublic pension benefits. However, it means that your monthly salary turns into a monthly pensionpension, which is usually much lower. Semi‑retirement, on the other hand, provides valuable financial assistanceassistance in addition to the accumulatedaccumulated savings. At the same time, it means learning to live with less. This option is not possible in case of mandatory retirementmandatory retirement, that is when a person is required by law to leave their employment or retire.
In recent years, there have been two interesting demographic changesdemographic changes observed. As life expectancylife expectancy has increased (to almost 73 years in 2021), so has the number of “young” retirees. Those are the people who decide to stop working and start enjoying their retirement thanks to investments and smart decisions about their savings.
Retirement migrationRetirement migration is another phenomenonphenomenon quite typical of people who retired. They usually move to places with favourable climates or come back to their home countries. Some people change their place of residence in order to be close to their children. Some regions, such as Florida for Americans, are especially favoured by pensionerspensioners and have an impressive retirement communityretirement community.
The time of retirement does not have to be a time of boredom. On the contraryOn the contrary, a lot of people find it to be the best moment to take up new hobbies or start travelling. Some switch their houses for mobile homes and become grey nomadsgrey nomads, spending their time travelling around the country and enjoying themselves.
Źródło: Agnieszka Sękiewicz‑Mago, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
- The first paragraph
a) compares how two generations approach retirement.
b) recommends one form of retirement over the other one.
c) mentions two types of retirement.
d) discusses the advantages of being retired.
- According to the text, retired people
a) have several options about where to live or what to do.
b) live longer, so they retire earlier.
c) always move to new places when they retire.
d) get bored during their retirement.
- “In recent years there have been two interesting demographic changes observed. As life expectancy has increased (to almost 73 years in 2021), so has the number of “young” retirees, who decide to stop working and start enjoying their retirement thanks to investments and smart decisions about their savings.” What does “their” refer to in this fragment?
a) demographic changes
b) young retirees
c) investments
d) smart decisions
- In the last paragraph the author of the text
a) encourages seniors to start a new hobby.
b) explains why travelling is exciting for retirees.
c) presents interesting ways of spending time while being retired.
d) all of the above.
- The text is about
a) types of retirement.
b) phenomena associated with retirement.
c) possible ways of spending retirement.
d) all of the above.
- On this site, 1. grey nomads, 2. downshifting, 3. retirees, 4. phenomenon, 5. On the contrary, 6. life expectancy, 7. eligible will find all the necessary information about their retirement account.
- I’m afraid you are not 1. grey nomads, 2. downshifting, 3. retirees, 4. phenomenon, 5. On the contrary, 6. life expectancy, 7. eligible to receive this benefit yet.
- The number of 1. grey nomads, 2. downshifting, 3. retirees, 4. phenomenon, 5. On the contrary, 6. life expectancy, 7. eligible, discovering the joys of the open road in Australia, is still growing.
- According to the recently published WHO report, 1. grey nomads, 2. downshifting, 3. retirees, 4. phenomenon, 5. On the contrary, 6. life expectancy, 7. eligible in Hong Kong is the highest in the world.
- It wasn’t a good decision. 1. grey nomads, 2. downshifting, 3. retirees, 4. phenomenon, 5. On the contrary, 6. life expectancy, 7. eligible, she made a huge mistake.
- The government is trying to discourage people over the age of 50 from 1. grey nomads, 2. downshifting, 3. retirees, 4. phenomenon, 5. On the contrary, 6. life expectancy, 7. eligible and working shorter hours.
- Retiring in your early 50s is quite a new 1. grey nomads, 2. downshifting, 3. retirees, 4. phenomenon, 5. On the contrary, 6. life expectancy, 7. eligible, observed especially among the wealthy.
Słownik
/ əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪd /
zgromadzony/zgromadzona(gathered together or acquire an increasing number or quantity of)
/ əˈsɪstəns /
pomoc(help, especially money or resources that are given to people)
/ ˌbeɪbi ˈbuːmərz /
pokolenie z wyżu demograficznego po II wojnie światowej poprzedzające Generację X, urodzone w latach 1946‑1964(a person born in the years following the second world war, when there was a temporary marked increase in the birth rate)
/ ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk ˈtʃeɪndʒɪz /
zmiany demograficzne(the changes in population size and structure caused by changes in birth rates, death rates, and by migration)
/ daʊnˈʃɪftɪŋ /
zwolnienie tempa życia(change a financially rewarding but stressful career or lifestyle for a less pressured and less highly paid but more fulfilling one)
/ ˈgreɪ ˈnəʊmædz / / ˈgreɪ ˈnəʊmæd /
siwi nomadzi [siwy nomada/ siwa nomadka](a retired person who spends their time travelling, typically in a caravan or motorhome)
/ laɪf ɪkˈspektənsi /
średnia długość życia (the average period that a person may expect to live)
/ ˈmændətr̩i rɪˈtaɪəmənt /
obowiązkowa emerytura(the set age at which people who hold certain jobs or offices are required by industry custom or by law to leave their employment, or retire)
/ ˈɒn ðə kənˈtreəri /
przeciwnie(used to intensify a denial of what has just been implied or stated by suggesting that the opposite is the case)
/ ˈpenʃn̩ /
emerytura (pieniądze)(a regular payment made by the state to people of or above the official retirement age)
/ ˈpenʃnəz / / ˈpenʃnə /
emeryci/emerytki [emeryt/emerytka] (a person who receives a pension, especially the retirement pension)
/ fɪˈnɒmɪnən /
zjawisko(a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question)
/ ˌpʌblɪk ˈpenʃn̩ ˈbenɪfɪts /
publiczne świadczenia emerytalne(monetary benefits to public workers when they retire)
/ rɪˈtaɪə /
przejść na emeryturę (leave one's job and cease to work, typically on reaching the normal age for leaving service)
/ rɪˌtaɪəˈriː /
emeryt/emerytka(a person who has retired from employment)
/ rɪˈtaɪəmənt kəˈmjuːnɪti /
wspólnota domów spokojnej starości(residential community or housing complex designed for older adults who are generally able to care for themselves)
/ rɪˈtaɪəmənt maɪˈɡreɪʃn̩ /
migracja emerytalna(short- or long‑term relocation, typically to destinations with favorable climates, by retired persons)
/ ˈsemi rɪˈtaɪə /
przejść na częściową emeryturę(leaving full time job but still continuing to work part time)