Przeczytaj
Do you know what a hippie looks like? What about a punk, an emo or a hipster? They are all examples of different subcultures that represent alternative values and lifestyles. Let's find out more about them!
Czy wiesz jak wygląda hipis? A punkowiec, emo czy hipster? Oni wszyscy są przedstawicielami różnych subkultur, które wyznają alternatywne wartości i style życia. Dowiedzmy się o nich trochę więcej!
Match different types of clothing with the pictures that represent them.
Połącz różne rodzaje ubrań i dodatków z obrazkami, które je przedstawiają.
Match different types of clothing to the pictures that represent them.
Połącz różne rodzaje ubrań i dodatków z obrazkami, które je przedstawiają.
Read the text below and decide which sentence best sums up its main idea.
Przeczytaj poniższy tekst i zdecyduj, które ze zdań najlepiej go podsumowuje.
To Fit In or To Stand OutHow important is the sense of belongingsense of belonging to any group? Sociologists say that being a member of a circle of people who think alikealike, share the same hobbies and passions or wear similar clothes gives us the feeling of safetyfeeling of safety and acceptanceacceptance. But what if some of us are different and don’t want to follow popular trends? How to avoidavoid rejectionrejection by peers? Do we need to hidehide our uncommon interests and try to pretendpretend we are all the same? The answer is that you are probably not as strange as you think. There’s a chance to fit infit in. You just need to find the right subculture!
For centuries people have been manifestinghave been manifesting their individual style. They have been actively opposingopposing mainstream fashion of their generation. They have also avoided conforming with the normsconforming with the norms which they have consideredhave considered limitinglimiting. This is why subcultures – social groups for those who go against the trend – keep showing up. They let their members develop their own ideologyideology, valuesvalues and express themselves throughexpress themselves through clothing and lifestyle. Let’s have a look at several subcultures which have been quite influentialinfluential.
Hippies
This subculture was born in the 1960s in the USA and it spread all around the world. Its members adoptedadopted a style of “homelesshomeless” people – dressed in simple and comfortable loose‑fittingloose‑fitting clothes. Men and women wore bell‑bottom pantsbell‑bottom pants, colourful vestsvests, sandals or moccasinsmoccasins and had long hair. Men wore long beardsbeards and girls didn’t use makeupmakeup but they put on wide‑sleevedwide‑sleeved shirts and blousesblouses and long full skirtsfull skirts Hippies liked accessoriesaccessories and jewelleryjewellery – head scarves, headbandsheadbands and long beadedbeaded necklacesnecklaces. As for their lifestyle – they believed in tolerance, peace, love and freedom, they were mostly vegetarian, lived in communescommunes helping one another. They also worked on farms, protested against violenceviolence and practised Eastern religions.
Punks
This social group began in the UK in the 1970s. People who belonged to this group rejected the hippie lifestyle. They believed in individual freedom and were mostly anti‑governmentanti‑government. They also expressed themselves through anger, men and women alike. Their behaviour was supposed to shock, usually in a negative way. When it comes to fashion, punks wore tight drainpipe jeansdrainpipe jeans, leather jackets, T‑shirts with band logos, and army bootsarmy boots. The clothes were accessorised with pinspins, razor bladesrazor blades or studded wristbandsstudded wristbands. The most popular hairdohairdo was a brightly‑coloured mohawkmohawk and their favoured body piercingbody piercing and tattoostattoos. Punks listened to punk rock and attended concerts during which they danced pogo.
Emos
The group developeddeveloped from the punk movement in the 1990s but they started to be very influential in the 2000s. Their favourite clothing includes skinny jeansskinny jeans, tighttight T‑shirts with names of the bands, usually short‑sleevedshort‑sleeved, studded beltsstudded belts and sneakers. The most common feature of emos is their hairstyle – flat, straight, usually jet‑blackjet‑black hair with long bangsbangs covering much of the face. Both men and women use eyelinereyeliner and paintpaint their nails black to give themselves a dramaticdramatic look. Wearing horn‑rimmed glasseshorn‑rimmed glasses is a common phenomenon among the group. Much of the emo lifestyle concentrates on emotionalemotional music. They prefer lyrics which deal withdeal with sensitivitysensitivity and lonelinessloneliness. Being shy and introverted seems to be the characteristic feature of the members of this group.
Hipsters
At present, this subculture gathers people who come from the upper‑middle classupper‑middle class. The members focus mainly on consumptionconsumption but promote an ironic approach to the goods they get. They often buy vintagevintage objects and clothes. They live for fashion although their aimaim is to wear commonly‑looking outfitsoutfits which are actually very expensive – a mixture of retro and sport clothes or kitschykitschy style, such as skinny jeans paired withpaired with V‑neck shirtsV‑neck shirts or vests, hats and glasses. Men often have neatly groomedneatly groomed beards. Hipster lifestyle includes working in a nicheniche company or being a freelancerfreelancer. They drink coffee in a hole in the wallhole in the wall and avoid popular restaurants. They often move around the city by bike listening to indie music or by public transport reading unpopular books.
Źródło: Marta Hilgier, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Read the sentences below and choose all the correct answers.
Przeczytaj poniższe zdania, a następnie wybierz wszystkie poprawne odpowiedzi.
Choose the correct words or expressions to complete the sentences.
Wybierz prawidłowe słowa lub wyrażenia, żeby uzupełnić zdania.
Drag and drop the elements to fill in the gaps in the text.
Przeciągnij elementy aby uzupełnić luki w tekście.
- A sense of 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry seems to be very important to young people. They want to fit 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry and be accepted.
- Mike uses a 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry to shave.
- My dad works as a 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry. He doesn’t want to work for just one company.
- She has coloured her hair 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry, but her parents don’t think it was a good idea.
- If you want to avoid 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry, you should try to find people you share the same passions and hobbies with.
- When you work in an office, you should put on an elegant 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry - pants and a jacket.
- I think rules are 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry. They don’t allow you to be who you want to be.
- We want to 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry ourselves through the music we create and the clothes we wear.
- Some girls like 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry so they use eyeliner and lipstick. And they wear 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry too, such as beaded necklaces or wristbands.
- I’m not a fan of body 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry, but I like tattoos.
- It’s not a trendy cafe, it’s a 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry and very few people go there to have a coffee.
- On some occasions you just have to conform with the 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry. It may be strange to speak loud during a staff meeting.
- I have a new 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry - do you like it? I think it makes me look different.
- This skirt is quite 1. in, 2. freelancer, 3. jet-black, 4. hairdo, 5. hole in the wall, 6. piercing, 7. rejection, 8. tight, 9. belonging, 10. limiting, 11. norm, 12. outfit, 13. razor blade, 14. express, 15. makeup, 16. jewelry and it’s difficult to move in it, especially when you have to walk quickly.
Read the text above. Then, translate the missing words to complete the gaps in the text below.
Przeczytaj powyższy tekst, a następnie przetłumacz brakujące wyrazy, żeby uzupełnić luki w tekście poniżej.
Słownik
/əkˈseptəns/
akceptacja
/əkˈsɛsəriz/
akcesoria
/əˈdɒptɪd/
przybrali, przyjęli [przybrać, przyjąć]
/eɪm/
cel
/əˈlaɪk/
podobnie, w podobny sposób
/ˈænti‑ˈgʌvnmənt/
sprzeciwiający/sprzeciwiająca się polityce rządu
/ˈɑːmi buːts/
buty wojskowe, ciężkie obuwie
/əˈvɔɪd/
uniknąć
/bæŋz/
grzywki [grzywka]
/ˈbiːdɪd/
zrobione z korali
/bɪədz/
brody [broda]
/bɛl ˈbɒtəm pænts/
spodnie dzwony
/belts/ /belt/
paski [pasek]
/ˈblaʊzɪz/
bluzki [bluzka]
/ˈbɒdi pɪəsɪŋ/
kolczykowanie
/ˈkɒmjuːnz/
komuny, zbiorowiska [komuna, zbiorowisko]
/kənˈfɔːmɪŋ wɪð ðə nɔːmz/
dostosowywanie się do norm
/kənˈsʌmpʃn/
konsumpcja
/diːl wɪð/
dotyczą, są o [dotyczyć]
/dɪˈveləpt/
rozwinęła się [rozwinąć się]
/ˈdreɪnˌpaɪp ʤiːnz/
dżinsy rurki
/drəˈmætɪk/
dramatyczny/dramatyczna
/ɪˈməʊʃənl/
uczuciowy/uczuciowa
/ɪksˈprɛs ðəmˈsɛlvz thetaruː/
wyrażać się przez
/ˈaɪlaɪnə(r)/
kredka do oczu w płynie
/ˈfæʃn/
moda
/ˈfæʃnəbl/
modny/modna
/ˈfiːlɪŋ əv ˈseɪfti/
poczucie bezpieczeństwa
/fɪt ɪn/
dopasować się
/ˈfriːlɑːnsə(r)/
wolny strzelec
/ˈfʊl skɜːts/ /ˈfʊl skɜːt/
obszerne spódnice [obszerna spódnica]
/ˈheəduː/
fryzura
/həv biːn ˈmænɪfɛstɪŋ/
manifestowali, okazywali [manifestować, okazywać]
/həv kənˈsɪdəd/
uważały [uważać]
/hed'bændz/ /hed'bænd/
opaski [opaska]
/haɪd/
ukrywać
/hoʊl ɪn ðə wɔl/
dziura, mało uczęszczana miejscówka
/ˈhəʊmləs/
bezdomni [bezdomny/bezdomna]
/hɔːn rɪmd ˈglɑːsɪz/
okulary w rogowej oprawie (z ramką tylko nad górną częścią szkieł)
/ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi/
ideologia
/ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/
wpływowe
/ˌdʒet ˈblæk/
kruczoczarne
/ˈdʒuːəlri/
biżuteria
/ˈkɪtʃi/
kiczowaty/kiczowata
/ˈlɪmɪtɪŋ/
ograniczające
/ˈləʊnlinəs/
samotność
/luːs‑ˈfɪtɪŋ/
luźne
/ˈmeɪk ʌp/
makijaż
/ˈmɒkəsɪnz/ /ˈmɒkəsɪn/
mokasyny [mokasyn]
/ˈməʊhɔːk/
irokez
/ˈniːtli‑grʊmd/
elegancko ostrzyżone, zadbane
/ˈnekləsɪz/ /ˈnekləs/
naszyjniki, korale [naszyjnik, korale]
/niːʃ//nɪtʃ/
niszowy/niszowa
/əˈpəʊzɪŋ/
sprzeciwiały się [sprzeciwiać się]
/ˈaʊtkɑːst/
wyrzutek
/ˈaʊtfɪts/ /ˈaʊtfɪt/
stroje [strój]
/peɪnt/
malują [malować]
/peəd wɪð/
zestawione z czymś [zestawić z czymś]
/ pɪnz / / pɪn /
przypinki [przypinka]
/prɪˈtend/
udawać
/'reɪzər bleɪdz/ /'reɪzər bleɪd/
żyletki [żyletka]
/rɪˈdʒekt/
odrzucić
/rɪˈdʒekʃn/
odrzucenie
/ˌself ˈkɒnfɪdəns/
pewność siebie
/ˌself ˈkɒnfɪdənt/
pewny siebie/ pewna siebie
/sɛns əv bɪˈlɒŋɪŋ/
poczucie przynależności
/ʃɔːt‑sliːvd/
z krótkimi rękawami
/ˈskɪni ʤiːnz/
dżinsy typu skinny (mocno przylegające)
/smɑːt/
mądry/mądra
/ˈstʌdɪd belts/ /ˈstʌdɪd belt/
paski z ćwiekami [pasek z ćwiekami]
/ˈstʌdɪd ˈrɪstbændz/ /ˈstʌdɪd ˈrɪstbænd/
bransoletki z ćwiekami [bransoletka z ćwiekami]
/təˈtuːz/ /təˈtuː/
tatuaże [tatuaż]
/taɪt/
obcisłe, mocno przylegające
/ˈʌpə‑ˈmɪdl klɑːs/
wyższa klasa średnia
/ˈvæljuːz/
wartości
/vɛsts/
kamizelki [kamizelka]
/ˈvaɪələns/
przemoc
/viː‑nɛk ʃɜːts/
koszulki z dekoltem w serek [koszulka z dekoltem w serek]
/ ˈvɪntɪdʒ /
z poprzedniej epoki
/waɪd‑sliːvd/
z szerokimi rękawami
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY‑SA 3.0