3. Film with subtitles and pauses. Listen and repeat after the speaker.
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4. Film with subtitles and narration.
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classicmobile
Exercise 1
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static
Exercise 1
classicmobile
Exercise 2
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie
Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie
After watching the film “Root fungi attack a pine cultivation”, solve the crossword using the English translations of the provided words. Po obejrzeniu filmu „Grzyby korzeniowe atakują uprawę sosnową”, rozwiąż krzyżówkę wpisując angielskie tłumaczenie podanych wyrazów.
rozprzestrzenianie
grodzenie
zapobiegać
zalecenia
igła
grzyby
spalić
patogen
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Exercise 2
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Harmful insects in forests
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classicmobile
Exercise 3
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie
Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie
After watching the voice-over animation “Harmful insects in forests”, decide whether the sentences are true or false. Po obejrzeniu animacji z lektorem „Szkodliwe owady w lesie”, zdecyduj, czy twierdzenie jest prawdziwe, czy nie.
Prawda
Fałsz
Under specific circumstances, some insects pose a threat to forests.
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Xylophages are pests that destroy the assimilation apparatus of trees.
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Among primary pests, the most important role is played by bark, buprestid, longhorn beetles families.
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Root-feeding insects are insects that forage under the bark.
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Harmful insects can also be divided based on the types of damages they cause.
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The pests of older tree stands include mostly borers and butterfly larvae.
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The European spruce bark beetle is one of the most dangerous pests of deciduous trees.
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Harmful insects can also be divided based on the types of damaged tree stands.
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Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Exercise 3
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Identifying mammal species on the basis of caused damages
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classicmobile
Exercise 4
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static
Exercise 4
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Fencing or repellents?
The hypertext material is a fragment of an article from a specialist magazine. The article describes the methods of forest cultivation protection from wild game. It mentions the advantages and disadvantages of both fencing and repellents. It analyzes the costs of protecting 1ha of a cultivation.
Hipertekst jest fragmentem artykułu przedstawiającego formy ochrony upraw leśnych przed presją zwierzyny płowej. Wymienia wady i zalety zarówno grodzeń jak i użycia repentoli. Analizuje koszty ponoszone na zabezpieczenie 1 ha uprawy.
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For a few years, we have been observing an increase in the big gamemabd96422e829305b_1497279637332_0big game in Poland. Its main place of dwellingmabd96422e829305b_1497279718401_0dwellingare forests that provide feedmabd96422e829305b_1497279733582_0feed and sheltermabd96422e829305b_1497279738479_0shelter. The most endangeredmabd96422e829305b_1497279743621_0endangered are sapling stands and cultivations. The most common methods of damage preventionmabd96422e829305b_1497279753543_0prevention are based mainly on the mechanicalmabd96422e829305b_1497279762480_0mechanical (mostly fencing) and chemicalmabd96422e829305b_1497279767416_0chemicalprotectionmabd96422e829305b_1497279772536_0protection of crops and sapling standsmabd96422e829305b_1497279748379_0sapling stands from cervidsmabd96422e829305b_1497279777622_0cervids. Cullingmabd96422e829305b_1497279787842_0Culling, which decreases the localdensitymabd96422e829305b_1497279782995_0density of wild game, is another common method of damage prevention.
Here are the characteristics of the individual methods.
Surface - fencing
Most often, cultivations are fenced with a 2m‑high steel mesh net. Thanks to the varied sizes of the mesh, the seedlings are protected from small and big herbivoresmabd96422e829305b_1497279793098_0herbivores. The mesh nets are mounted on poles distributed every 5m. Additionally, crossbars, protecting animals from smashing against the enclosure, and the mesh net itself, can be used.
Individual protection
If fencing is out of the question, we can protect the seedlings individually. This can be done thanks to coversmabd96422e829305b_1497279799633_0covers, picketingmabd96422e829305b_1531834079096_0picketing, wrapping seedlings in waddle or linseedsmabd96422e829305b_1531834086965_0wrapping seedlings in waddle or linseeds, wrapping them in wool, applying repellents, and very popular lately, so‑called natural methods of seedling protection. In practice, about 30‑40% of seedlings are protected: those that show the most promise, i.e, those which are straight, healthy, and with single tops.
Repellents used in the protection of seedlings are chemical deterring substancesmabd96422e829305b_1531834095480_0deterring substances. The substance is placed on the tops by hand, in a rubber glove. It can also be applied with a brush, or a paintbrush, on the current incrementmabd96422e829305b_1531834100447_0increment of a conifer, or on the whole seedling in the case of deciduous seedlings. It’s extremely important not to glue over the apical budmabd96422e829305b_1531834117488_0apical bud of a seedling.
classicmobile
Exercise 5
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
On the basis of the hypertext “Fencing or repellents?”, connect the words into pairs. Na podstawie hipertekstu „Grodzenie czy repentole?”, połącz wyrazy w pary.
density, prevention, herbivore, protection, substances, game, increment, bud, seedlings, place
big
dwelling
damage
chemical
game
big
protect
deterring
current
apical
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
static
Exercise 5
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zwierzyna gruba
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bytowanie
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pokarm
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schronienie
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zagrożony
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młodnik
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zapobieganie
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mechaniczny
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chemiczny
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ochrona
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jeleniowate
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zagęszczenie
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odstrzał
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roślinożercy
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osłonka
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palikowanie
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pałukowanie
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substancja odstraszająca
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przyrost
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pączek szczytowy
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Preparing a forest renewal plan
The hypertext material is a dialogue between a forester and a deputy forester. Together, they plan the activities concerned with forest protection for the next year. The deputy forester lists the districts in which, after a field inspection, there is need for cultivation protection. They prepare a plan that includes, among others, the surface and location of planned enclosures, cultivations to be protected with repellents, the number of nesting boxes to be hung out and cleaned, and the number of classic pest traps, etc.
Hipertekst jest dialogiem leśniczego z podleśniczyną. Wspólnie sporządzają plan czynności do wykonania w zakresie ochrony lasu w kolejnym roku. Podleśniczyna podaje oddziały, w których po lustracji terenowej, widzi potrzebę ochrony upraw. Przygotowują plan, który zawiera m.in. powierzchnię i lokalizację planowanych grodzeń, uprawy do zabezpieczenia repentolem, ilość planowanych do wywieszenia budek lęgowych dla ptaków oraz budek do wyczyszczenia, ilość pułapek klasycznych na szkodniki itd.
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Forester: Today, we will prepare the forest protection proposalmabd96422e829305b_1497292341857_0forest protection proposal for the next commercial yearmabd96422e829305b_1497292338305_0commercial year.
Deputy forester: What first?
Forester: The new enclosures. We have the field measurements of the place where we cut out 3 shelter wood this year. The circumferences are: 230, 250 and 310m. The enclosure seems to be 790m long. Please, plan the right number of oak poles.
Deputy forester: What kind of mesh net will we use?
Forester: A 2m‑high mesh net with denser mesh at the bottom, and with reinforced guiding pins. Deer have caused us trouble last year. They often tore down the fences. This type of mesh net will be optimal.
Deputy forester: We need about 180 poles with***angle struts.***mabd96422e829305b_1497292330786_0***angle struts.***We will need about 18m3 of oak pulpwood of the length of 2.5m.
Forester: We must also repair the old enclosures. Please, plan the remaining enclosures according to the same outline.
Deputy forester: Of course.
Forester: The next activity is applying a repellent. Let’s enter the following into the plan: the area in ha, the protected speciesmabd96422e829305b_1497292326285_0protected species, and the amount of the chemicalmabd96422e829305b_1497292312053_0chemical we will use.
Deputy forester: I suggest adding the pine cultivation to the planned areas of applying the repellent. I have noticed damage caused by animals there.
Forester: Of course. We also need to plan the distribution of trees for browsingmabd96422e829305b_1497292307534_0trees for browsing.
Deputy forester: Let’s also write down the autumn search for insects on the constant***inspection lots.***mabd96422e829305b_1497292302003_0***inspection lots.***We have 4 in our forestry. Let’s also remember about the***sawdust trees.***mabd96422e829305b_1497292294450_0***sawdust trees.***I suggest planning 100 units. That should be enough for the current inspection of the presence of the***European spruce bark beetle.***mabd96422e829305b_1497292283746_0***European spruce bark beetle.***
Forester: Agreed. Please enter the remaining positions of the proposal and groups of activities using the forester panelmabd96422e829305b_1497292278430_0forester paneland transfer the data into the system. Oh, and please remember to increase the number of new nesting boxesmabd96422e829305b_1497292272551_0nesting boxeswe need to hang to 50 units.
Deputy forester: Of course. I’m getting down to work right now.
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wniosek ochrony lasu
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rok gospodarczy
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classicmobile
Exercise 6
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
After familiarizing yourself with the hypertext “Preparing a forest renewal plan”, match the Polish sentences with their translations. Po zapoznaniu się z hipertekstem „Opracowanie planu odnowy lasu w leśnictwie”, połącz polskie zdania z ich tłumaczeniami.
Tomorrow, we will need to buy new nesting boxes., Tomorrow, we are starting the autumn search for insects on the constant inspection lots., Knowing the length of the enclosure, we can plan the right number of poles for the fencing., Could you please enter the number of sawdust trees into the plan with the forester’s panel?, Today, we will prepare the forest protection proposal for the next commercial year., Deer have recently destroyed the cultivations., When planning the treatments, we need to take under consideration the protected species of animals., In the forest protection proposal, we need to plan the distribution of trees for browsing.
Dzisiaj przygotujemy projekt wniosku ochrony lasu na przyszły rok gospodarczy.
Znając długość ogrodzenia można zaplanować właściwą ilość słupków na grodzenie.
W ostatnim czasie jelenie poniszczyły uprawy.
Planując zabiegi musimy wziąć pod uwagę gatunki chronione zwierząt.
We wniosku ochrony lasu należy zaplanować wykładanie drzew zgryzowych.
Jutro rozpoczynamy jesienne poszukiwania owadów na stałych partiach kontrolnych.
Czy może pani wprowadzić do planu w panelu leśniczego ilość drzew trocinowych?
Jutro trzeba zakupić nowe budki lęgowe.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
static
Exercise 6
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zastrzał
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gatunek chroniony
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preparat
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drzewa zgryzowe
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partia kontrolna
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drzewa trocinowe
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kornik drukarz
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panel leśniczego
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budka lęgowa
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Protecting tree stands from root rot
The hypertext material is a fragment of a training course. A forester trains the employees of a forest service company. The on‑the‑job training concerns the correct application of a solution against stump decay that protects the stumps left after trees are cut down (tree stands on post‑arable land) from root rot infection. The forester discusses the preparation of the solution, the methods of its application, notching a stump, covering it after the application of the solution, and OHS rules.
Hipertekst jest fragmentem szkolenia. Leśniczy szkoli pracowników Zakładu Usług Leśnych. Instruktaż stanowiskowy dotyczy prawidłowego aplikowania preparatu do rozkładu pni, zabezpieczającego pniaki po ściętych drzewach (drzewostan na gruncie porolnym) przed zainfekowaniem hubą korzeniową. Leśniczy omawia przegotowanie preparatu do aplikacji, sposób naniesienia, nacięcia pniaka, przykrycie po aplikacji, zasady BHP.
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Welcome, gentlemen. Today, I will tell you about the pathogenmabd96422e829305b_1497302764422_0pathogen called root rotmabd96422e829305b_1497302754287_0root rot.
It’s one of the most important diseases of forest trees. It attacks roots and the butt parts of trunks. It’s known in all of Europe, North America and Asia. It affects mostly coniferous trees. In Poland, it’s especially common in Scots pine and Norway spruce, fir, larch, Eastern white pinemabd96422e829305b_1497302748645_0Eastern white pine and many others; less often in deciduous species. Infestationmabd96422e829305b_1497302736917_0Infestationis a problem for trees about 3 years old, or older. Young trees, up to about 15 years of age, succumb to the disease relatively faster. In older trees (especially spruce) it can result in a longtime wood decaymabd96422e829305b_1497302733680_0wood decayof roots and lower parts of the trunk. Root rot often attacks tree stands onpost‑arable landsmabd96422e829305b_1497302728712_0post‑arable lands.
Now the practical side of the subject. You will perform early thinning in the 38‑year‑old tree stand on a post‑arable land. After cutting down the designated units by the sawyers and after skidding, we will apply the prepared water solutionmabd96422e829305b_1497302618223_0water solutionof the PG‑IBL preparation for the stumpsmabd96422e829305b_1497302614191_0stumps. To improve the development conditions of the myceliummabd96422e829305b_1497302609415_0development conditions of the mycelium, each stump will be additionally notched in the middle to accelerate the soaking in of the preparation.
It’s important not to allow the stump to over drymabd96422e829305b_1497302603612_0over dry. Therefore, we must apply the preparation the next day the latest, and cover the stump with mossmabd96422e829305b_1497302598187_0mossor needles, but without mineral soilmabd96422e829305b_1497302589553_0mineral soil.
To efficiently prepare the stumps for preparation applicationmabd96422e829305b_1497302944027_0application, I have divided the area into working plotsmabd96422e829305b_1497302952671_0working plots so that we can prepare one plot per day.
I remind you of the OHS rules regarding work with a chainsaw and during skidding. When notching a trunk, there is a risk of guide tip recoilmabd96422e829305b_1497302963254_0guide tip recoil towards the operator.
After familiarizing yourself with the hypertext “Protecting tree stands from root rot”, decide whether the sentences are true or false. Po zapoznaniu się z hipertekstem „Ochrona drzewostanów przed hubą korzeniową”, zdecyduj, czy twierdzenie jest prawdziwe, czy nie.
Prawda
Fałsz
Root rot is one of the most important diseases of forest trees.
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Root rot attacks roots and the butt parts of trunks and is known in Europe only.
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Old trees cannot be infested.
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Root rot often attacks tree stands on post-arable lands.
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After cutting down the designated units by the sawyers and after their skidding, a prepared water solution of the PG-IBL preparation is applied to the stumps.
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Notching a stump in the middle slows down the soaking in of the preparation and improves the conditions of the development of the mycelium.
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The preparation is applied one day after the latest and the stump is covered with moss or needles to not dry out.
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When notching a trunk, there is no risk of guide tip recoil towards the operator.
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Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.