Mention some examples of efficient use of water in your daily life.
Mention some examples of efficient use of water in your daily life.
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Because of the numerous reasons for water shortage, the issue requires many measures and methods to be resolved. One of them is to improve water retention, and thus the quantity of available water. This is possible in every climate zone. Thanks to dams, water can be collected in reservoirs at times of abundance, and used when it is scarce. A disadvantage to the construction of large dams is the financial, environmental and often political cost. It is easier and often more effective to use small retention. By building small dams that allow the river to flow along its natural riverbed and to twist and turn, and by planting forests, we can restrict water drainage.
Another way, possible in all climates, is to take measures to limit water loss. This can be done by shading the cropland, e.g. planting smaller plants together with larger ones, which reduces their transpiration, or mulchingmulchingmulching – covering the soil with a layer of material to reduce water evaporation.
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Draft an action plan for more efficient management of water in your own household
Draft an action plan for more efficient management of water in your own household
Source: licencja: CC 0.
Water deficit can be reduced by water transfer from regions with water abundance to deficit areas. This method has been known since antiquity. A modern, probably the largest project of this type, is the construction of a system of 3 channels in China to transfer north 45 billion mIndeks górny 33 of water per year.
Irrigation is another method. Preferably one which reduces water loss to the minimum. Drip irrigation can serve as an example.
Water may come from subsurface aquifers. These sometimes form Artesian aquifers, from which water comes out spontaneously. Most often, water needs to be pumped out.
If there is not enough fresh water, but a country has access to the sea, water can be desalinated. However, this process requires a lot of energy. For this reason, this technology is used mainly by highly developed countries with significant financial resources coming from the sale of oil and natural gas.
Task 1
List the regions in Poland where there are problems with water shortage. Explain why it is so. Sum up the situation related to water issues in your region.
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List the regions in Poland where there are problems with water shortage. (Uzupełnij)
Explain why it is so. (Uzupełnij)
Sum up the situation related to water issues in mentioned regions. (Uzupełnij).
List the regions in Poland where there are problems with water shortage. (Uzupełnij)
Explain why it is so. (Uzupełnij)
Sum up the situation related to water issues in mentioned regions. (Uzupełnij).
Water consumption can be reduced by treating wastewater and re‑using water. In highly developed countries, a vast majority of wastewater is treated. Unfortunately, the number of wastewater treatment plants is very small in developing countries.
If there is still not enough water, it can be brought from abroad. In 2008, drought in Catalonia (north‑eastern part of Spain) became so serious that it was necessary to import water from France by sea. Discussions about permanent transfer of water were held by Israel and Turkey. It was to be transported in a pipeline on the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. In 2010, the project was stopped for political reasons. Another method is to import finished products containing the so‑called virtual watervirtual watervirtual water, used in the process of production. By importing, instead of producing, a tonne of wheat, we can save approx. 1.3 million litres of water.
The above examples show that the application of different solutions facilitating access to water is not hindered by weather conditions, but rather by social and economic factors.
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Exercise 1
Odpowiedz na pytania. 1. Planting larger plants next to smaller ones in order to reduce transpiration., 2. Ability to collect water resources and to store them for a long time in the environment., 3. Transporting water from areas of abundance to deficit areas., 4. Artesian tu uzupełnij, characterised by a specific structure of aqueous layers, where perforation of the rock layers above it causes water to flow out at high pressure., 5. Activities aimed to determine water (underground and surface) management in order to use it rationally and to protect its resources., 6. For example, drip tu uzupełnij, 7. Water evaporation from above-ground parts of plants (mainly through leaf surfaces), related to the life processes in them.
Odpowiedz na pytania. 1. Planting larger plants next to smaller ones in order to reduce transpiration., 2. Ability to collect water resources and to store them for a long time in the environment., 3. Transporting water from areas of abundance to deficit areas., 4. Artesian tu uzupełnij, characterised by a specific structure of aqueous layers, where perforation of the rock layers above it causes water to flow out at high pressure., 5. Activities aimed to determine water (underground and surface) management in order to use it rationally and to protect its resources., 6. For example, drip tu uzupełnij, 7. Water evaporation from above-ground parts of plants (mainly through leaf surfaces), related to the life processes in them.
Complete the crossword puzzle.
Planting larger plants next to smaller ones in order to reduce transpiration.
Ability to collect water resources and to store them for a long time in the environment.
Transporting water from areas of abundance to deficit areas.
Artesian..., characterised by a specific structure of aqueous layers, where perforation of the rock layers above it causes water to flow out at high pressure.
Activities aimed to determine water (underground and surface) management in order to use it rationally and to protect its resources.
For example, drip...
Water evaporation from above-ground parts of plants (mainly through leaf surfaces), related to the life processes in them.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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Exercise 2
Indicate activities that lead to the reduction of water losses due to evaporation from cultivated areas Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Shading and mulching of cropland., 2. Obtaining water from other regions, 3. Using drip irrigation., 4. Importing finished products., 5. Desalination of salty water.
Indicate activities that lead to the reduction of water losses due to evaporation from cultivated areas Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Shading and mulching of cropland., 2. Obtaining water from other regions, 3. Using drip irrigation., 4. Importing finished products., 5. Desalination of salty water.
Indicate activities that lead to the reduction of water losses due to evaporation from cultivated areas
Shading and mulching of cropland.
Obtaining water from other regions
Using drip irrigation.
Importing finished products.
Desalination of salty water.
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Exercise 3
Match the methods of limiting water deficit to their names. seawater desalination Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. construction of river dams to restrict water outflow and to collect it in reservoirs, 2. a method commonly used in developed countries, used for water treatment and re-use, 3. a method used by countries with access to the sea, requiring significant financial outlays improving water retention Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. construction of river dams to restrict water outflow and to collect it in reservoirs, 2. a method commonly used in developed countries, used for water treatment and re-use, 3. a method used by countries with access to the sea, requiring significant financial outlays wastewater treatment Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. construction of river dams to restrict water outflow and to collect it in reservoirs, 2. a method commonly used in developed countries, used for water treatment and re-use, 3. a method used by countries with access to the sea, requiring significant financial outlays
Match the methods of limiting water deficit to their names. seawater desalination Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. construction of river dams to restrict water outflow and to collect it in reservoirs, 2. a method commonly used in developed countries, used for water treatment and re-use, 3. a method used by countries with access to the sea, requiring significant financial outlays improving water retention Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. construction of river dams to restrict water outflow and to collect it in reservoirs, 2. a method commonly used in developed countries, used for water treatment and re-use, 3. a method used by countries with access to the sea, requiring significant financial outlays wastewater treatment Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. construction of river dams to restrict water outflow and to collect it in reservoirs, 2. a method commonly used in developed countries, used for water treatment and re-use, 3. a method used by countries with access to the sea, requiring significant financial outlays
Match the methods of limiting water deficit to their names.
a method commonly used in developed countries, used for water treatment and re-use, construction of river dams to restrict water outflow and to collect it in reservoirs, a method used by countries with access to the sea, requiring significant financial outlays
seawater desalination
improving water retention
wastewater treatment
Keywords
retention, irrigation, water desalination, virtual water