Fill in the gaps using some of the following expressions.

Sovereignty, Russia, Treaty of Versailles, Franz Joseph, Polish Legions, Regency Council, Prime Minister, 123, Prussia, Roman Dmowski, Ignacy Daszyński

As a result of the partitions, Poland disappeared from the political map of Europe for long ........................................ years. Only a world conflict in which all the partitioning powers (Austria, ........................................ and Russia) took part, became an opportunity for independence. Two big factions were formed - pro-Russian with ........................................, which hoped for the creation of an independent Polish state through cooperation with ........................................, and pro-Austrian, which perceived Russia to be the greatest enemy of Poland and counted on the support of the Emperor ........................................ Habsburg. Józef Piłsudski was the leader of this second political option. Thanks to his initiative ........................................ were created, which fought on various fronts of the first world war. These efforts of our compatriots to regain independence were noticed and appreciated internationally. With the growing weakening of the invaders, competitive centers of power began to emerge in Poland - such as the ........................................ in Warsaw or the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland in Lublin with ........................................ as prime minister. Already then, political divisions in Polish society were visible. ........................................, however, was the common dream of all political options. The signing of the ........................................ gave foundation for our independence on the international level. Among others, it set the initial boundaries of the Second Republic of Poland. The moment of regaining independence was described by the future first ........................................ of the Second Polish Republic, Jędrzej Moraczewski: "It is impossible to describe this intoxication, this outburst of joy of the Polish population at that moment. (...) Our own state! (...) Chaos? That’s nothing. It will be fine. Everything will be fine, because (...) we will rule for ourselves." However, as it turned out, the reconstruction of the state was much more difficult and turbulent than it seemed at first.

How did the presidency of each of the Presidents end? Match the events to the names of Presidents.

lost his office because of a coup d’état, his presidency was cut short because of the outbreak of the second world war, assassinated by a political opponent

Match the names of presidents of the Second Republic of Poland with their short biographies.

Gabriel Narutowicz, Stanisław Wojciechowski, Ignacy Mościcki, Maciej Rataj

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He was a professor at the Technical University in Zurich, a designer of railways and hydroelectric power stations. He has lived in Switzerland for over 30 years, became rich and famous, but missed the Polish sky… This great expert, known and respected Europe-wide, came back to Poland, when it gained independence.


................................................
When he was young, together with his wife he constructed bombs to assassinate the Russian general-governor. In 1926 he took the most important office in the state, 7 years later, he was reelected. On the day of Russian aggression , 17, September, 1939, he left Poland, never to come back again.

................................................
He was the third head of the Polish state after it regained independence. He became president in very dramatic circumstances.His term of office was cut short by a military coup d'état prepared by Marshal Józef Piłsudski. On 14, May 1926, he resigned, and later left the political scene completely.