RQJjJQEJlr4Hl

Vitalism and urbanism: intoxication with life, intoxication in the city

Source: domena publiczna.

Link to the lesson

You will learn
  • you will talk about the life and work of Julian Tuwim

  • you will explain and discuss the concepts of: vitalismvitalismvitalism and urbanismurbanismurbanism

  • you will compare the visions of the world presented in Ranyjulek and Mieszkańcy

RTTDQ39FcgYS1
nagranie abstraktu

The sources of vitalistic experiences can vary. After Poland's regaining of independence, Polish poetry began to reflect the vitalistic admiration of existence and joyful immersion in everyday life. It was opposition to engaged art, burdened with obligations towards the nation, society, history, culture...; and to manifest a reaction towards the melancholy, resignation and decadent moods of literature of a bygone era.

Vitalism, therefore, became a weapon in the struggle for new poetry, new poetic themes, moods, emotions – a new poetic reality. But it was not only that. The fact of regained independence – combined with youthfulness – naturally provoked states of euphoric elationelationelation, attitudes of naively joyous openness to reality that led to the celebration of existence in all its manifestations. Thus, in the poetry of the early interwar period, vitalism is not simply a form or strategy of intergenerational literary struggles; to a large extent, it stems from the mood typical to the atmosphere of the first years of regained freedomfreedomfreedom.

Exercise 1

Watch a presentation showing the figure of Julian Tuwim. Combine the information with what you already know about the author.

R1KrNNBkTkOCt
Fotografia przedstawia profil Juliana Tuwima. Jest to młody mężczyzna o długim nosie i głęboko osadzonych oczach, szpakowaty. Ma wąskie usta i gładką skórę twarzy. Włosy ma zaczesane do tyłu. Na fotografii zamieszczono następujące informacje: 1. Hometown. Julian Tuwim’s hometown was Łódź. It was there where a young Tuwim observed the ambivalent consequences of industrialization: the dynamic development of the town and the inseparable hard fate of the "simple man" - the worker. These experiences - among many others - are expressed in his poetry. 2. Début. His first poetry book was the collection of “Czyhanie na Boga” (In Lurking for God), published in 1918. In later years, he published seven volumes of his poems. 3. Tuwim - The Provoker. Explicit, naturalistic imaging, irony and sarcasm of the lyrical subject as well as unconventional language were perceived as an aesthetic and moral provocation. In this way, the name Tuwim gained notoriety, and the literary circles discussed the limits of artistic freedom. The dispute constituted an important part to the formation of the future Skamander group. 4. Poems for Children. One cannot forget the perfect poems for children (including “Lokomotywa” (Locomotive), “Rzepka” (Turnip), “Ptasie radio” (Bird Radio), “Słoń Trąbalski” (Elephant Trąbalsk), “Zosia Samosia”), which are now a canon of this type of literature. 5. Mental State. Because of his Jewish origin, Tuwim was persecuted in the interwar period and sometimes even brutally attacked by nationalist circles. These experiences, combined with a fear of open spaces, depression and a complex resulting from having a visible mark on his face, permanently marked his work. 6. War Period. In 1936, Tuwim wrote the satirical and catastrophic poem “Bal w Operze” (Bal in the Opera), which was only published 10 years later. During the war, Tuwim was in exile, mainly in the USA. At that time, he started working on his “Kwiaty polskie” (Polish Flowers). The first part of a larger, however, never-finished work was published in 1949. 7. Post War. In 1946 he returned to Poland. He became involved with the regime and the authorities of the People's Poland, thanks to which he became an important personality of official cultural life. At the time, he continued his work as a translator, but after the war not many of his original poetic works were created. The majority of the works were not of the same quality as those from the pre-war period.
Julian Tuwim
Source: licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2

Revise the features of the Skamander poetry. What were the main topics of the poets? What is the connection with the history of Poland?

RwsaKEPoBthFX
Wykonaj ćwiczenie zgodnie z poleceniem.
RVwl1iFwMAD1M1
Exercise 3
Check your comprehension of the text. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words. Words: 1. drama, 2. negation, 3. poetry, 4. poetry, 5. troubles, 6. colloquial, 7. pathos, 8. vitalism, 9. tragedy, 10. affirmation, 11. pleasures Text: The most important categories of the early - uzupełnij - of Julian Tuwim are: optimism - uzupełnij - and urbanism. In that period, the author introduced to the Polish - uzupełnij - the world of everyday experiences and emotions of a townsman, urban scenery and the corresponding language - boldly embracing the characteristics of the - uzupełnij - style. The romantic and emotional dominant theme is visible in most of his works through cheerful - uzupełnij - of life, an intoxication of existence composed of simple, everyday and momentary joys, elations and - uzupełnij.
Exercise 4

Read the poem Ranyjulek and answer the questions.

  • Explain the pun in the title of the poem Ranyjulek.

  • Characterise the lyrical subject in the poem. In what space is he located? What experiences does he have?

  • Specify the function of intoxicationintoxicationintoxication on the poem.

Julian Tuwim Ranyjulek

Kazimierzowi Wierzyńskiemu

Powinienem z wiatrami po ulicach się włóczyć,
W tłoku miast, podchmielony, najradośniej się chwiać,
Od andrusów, dryndziarzy powinienem się uczyć
Gwizdać, kląć, pohukiwać na psiakrew i psiamać!

Od rynsztoka do ściany zygzakami się toczyć,
Ranyjulek! swobodny, bezpański, jak pies!
Sińce łapać na słupach, w zbiegowiskach się tłoczyć,
Na parkany wdrapywać się wiosną po bez!

I kapelusz dziurawy liliowymi kwiatami
Na swą chwałę ustroić i na chwałę swą chlać,
I znów w kwiatach się włóczyć po ulicach z wiatrami,
Podnieść łeb, gwiazdy łykać i na nogach się chwiać!

ranyjulek Source: Julian Tuwim, Ranyjulek, [w:] tegoż, Wiersze wybrane, Wrocław 1986, s. 27.
RkLksfewOFR52
Exercise 5
Out of the following features, select those life experiences that the lyrical subject desires the most. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Joyful immersion in everyday life., 2. Spontaneity., 3. Loneliness., 4. Maturity., 5. Impulsiveness., 6. Compliance with conventions., 7. Freedom., 8. Intellectualism.

Urbanism is a tendency typical for the poetry of the interwar period, expressed in the fascinationfascinationfascination of the city and the urban crowd as a creation of modern civilization.

Exercise 6

Read the poem Inhabitants. Pay special attention to the characteristics of the collective protagonistcollective protagonistcollective protagonist of the poem, and answer the following questions:

  • What are the values of the „horrible townsman”? Justify your opinion with relevant quotations.

  • Indicate those fragments of the poem (words or phrases) that determine the lyrical subject's attitude towards the collective protagonist. What is the character of the attitude?

  • Indicate enumerationsenumerationenumerations in the text and explain their functions.

  • What conclusions about the spirituality of the inhabitants can be formulated on the basis of the form of the prayer the final stanza?

Julian Tuwim Mieszkańcy

Straszne mieszkania. W strasznych mieszkaniach
Strasznie mieszkają straszni mieszczanie.
Pleśnią i kopciem pełznie po ścianach
Zgroza zimowa, ciemne konanie.

Od rana bełkot. Bełkocą, bredzą,
Że deszcz, że drogo, że to, że tamto.
Trochę pochodzą, trochę posiedzą,
I wszystko widmo. I wszystko fantom.

Sprawdzą godzinę, sprawdzą kieszenie,
Krawacik musną, klapy obciągną
I godnym krokiem z mieszkań - na ziemię,
Taką wiadomą, taką okrągłą.

I oto idą, zapięci szczelnie,
Patrzą na prawo, patrzą na lewo.
A patrząc - widzą wszystko oddzielnie
Że dom... że Stasiek... że koń... że drzewo...

Jak ciasto biorą gazety w palce
I żują, żują na papkę pulchną,
Aż papierowym wzdęte zakalcem,
Wypchane głowy grubo im puchną.

I znowu mówią, że Ford... że kino...
Że Bóg... że Rosja... radio, sport, wojna...
Warstwami rośnie brednia potworna,
I w dżungli zdarzeń widmami płyną.

Głowę rozdętą i coraz cięższą
Ku wieczorowi ślepo zwieszają.
Pod łóżka włażą, złodzieja węszą,
Łbem o nocniki chłodne trącając.

I znowu sprawdzą kieszonki, kwitki,
Spodnie na tyłkach zacerowane,
Własność wielebną, święte nabytki,
Swoje, wyłączne, zapracowane.

Potem się modlą: „od nagłej śmierci...
...od wojny... głodu... odpoczywanie”
I zasypiają z mordą na piersi
W strasznych mieszkaniach straszni mieszczanie.

mieszkancy Source: Julian Tuwim, Mieszkańcy, [w:] tegoż, Wiersze wybrane, Wrocław 1986, s. 148–149.
Exercise 7

In pairs, discuss whether the reality of the „horrible inhabitants” can be considered homogeneous. How can their fate of be similar? What can they differ? Justify your opinion.

Exercise 8

Find on the Internet and listen to the song „Nie ma kraju” (No country) by Kasia Dereń. Confront the text of the poem with the vision of the world which was presented in „Inhabitants”. Is it contradictory? Are you familiar with the attitude?

Exercise 9

Pay attention to the video for the song „Nie ma kraju” (No country) and, if necessary, watch it again. What do you think about this form of expression? Could any of its frames be an illustration of the poem „Inhabitants”? If so – which ones? Justify your answer.

Keywords

vitalism, fun, urbanism, everyday life, homogeneityhomogeneityhomogeneity

Glossary

vitalism
vitalism
RN2B6Z4BOITq7
Nagranie słówka: vitalism

witalizm

urbanism
urbanism
R1DNcA19x9E0j
Nagranie słówka: urbanism

urbanizm

homogeneity
homogeneity
R15attRYLoe0u
Nagranie słówka: homogeneity

homogenizacja

euphoria
euphoria
RP4NjNWxfpvYW
Nagranie słówka: euphoria

euforia

elation
elation
RRemtwQRsQWsL
Nagranie słówka: elation

uniesienie

momentum
momentum
R1Tmcy1VJIPQZ
Nagranie słówka: momentum

pęd

intoxication
intoxication
RS4Yi4XqXulHr
Nagranie słówka: intoxication

upojenie

fascination
fascination
R1cZQFPWCErgN
Nagranie słówka: fascination

zachwyt

optimism
optimism
RBEDrDMzJYmTg
Nagranie słówka: optimism

optymizm

impulsiveness
impulsiveness
ROX9kdKqdSEfH
Nagranie słówka: impulsiveness

żywiołowość

freedom
freedom
R1JjBZnTYpsR6
Nagranie słówka: freedom

swoboda

collective protagonist
collective protagonist
RQgkzQbww7nrn
Nagranie słówka: collective protagonist

bohater zbiorowy

enumeration
enumeration
R1IrJ3vnVuU2N
Nagranie słówka: enumeration

wyliczenie

arrangement
arrangement
RDZFHpT1TeKWt
Nagranie słówka: arrangement

aranżacja