Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu dotyczące czym jest uzależnienie, narkotyki, alkohol, nikotyna
What is an addiction?
For ages people were using different chemical substances, the so‑called stimulants, which influence our moods, well‑being and the way we view the reality. Among the stimulants there are widely used and accepted substances like caffeine in coffee or theine – ingredient of tea, as well as dangerous substances, like nicotine. Other legal and dangerous substance is alcoholalcoholalcohol – consumed in large amounts can lead to i.e. alcohol addiction (alcoholism), liver damage or evan death. Substances that can permanently influence our health are: designer drugs, medicines taken contrary to doctor’s orders, drugs. All of them can become strong addictive substances, in some cases the addiction is so strong that addicts can resort to theft and other crimes. AddictionaddictionAddiction is a type of an illness.
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Galeria rysunków obrazujących różne rodzaje uzależnień. Stara kobieta z mocną opalenizną nadal się opala. Na piaskowym tle leżak w biało-niebieskie paski. Siedzi na nim szczupła, bardzo brązowa kobieta w żółtym kostiumie bikini, zielonym daszku na głowie i okularach przeciwsłonecznych. Na niebie słońce.
Addiction to tanning
Source: Andrzej Bogusz, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Młody półnagi mężczyzna mierzy obwód bicepsu. Prawą rękę ma uniesioną, biceps napięty. Na bicepsie owinięty centymetr krawiecki.
Addiction to training
Source: Andrzej Bogusz, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Na brzegu łóżka siedzi dziewczyna w niebieskiej sukience. Ramiona ma skrzyżowane na kolanach, głowę opuszczoną. Jej postawa wyraża rozpacz i rezygnację. Po jej obu stronach na podłodze stoją kolorowe torby z zakupami.
Shopaholism
Source: Andrzej Bogusz, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Za biurkiem siedzi mężczyzna. Twarz ma zmęczoną. Stoi przed nim laptop. Na biurku butelka wody, talerz z nieruszoną kanapką. Na ścianie za nim zegar wskazuje godzinę drugą. Po prawej stronie okno. Za nim ciemne niebo z księżycem i gwiazdami.
Addiction to computer games
Source: Andrzej Bogusz, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Na ławce w parku siedzi elegancka kobieta w granatowym kostiumie i butach na obcasie. Na kolanach ma brązową torebkę. Wyjmuje z niej małą, metalową butelkę z alkoholem.
Alcohol addiction
Source: Andrzej Bogusz, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Na ziemi, wsparty jednym ramieniem o ławkę, siedzi młody człowiek. Jest odwrócony tyłem. Ma fioletowe, krótkie włosy, granatową podkoszulkę i zielone bermudy. Na stopach tenisówki. Głowa opuszczona, oczy zamknięte. Z lewej przy nim brązowa buteleczka i dwie biało-czerwone kapsułki.
Addiction to designer drugs
Source: Andrzej Bogusz, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Psychological addiction is based on constant thinking of taking and obtaining of a given substance. It is accompanied by justifying oneself and looking for important reasons which are supposed to justify taking of the substance. At the same time, it lowers the interest in other aspects of life and leads to the disappearance of will. Psychological addiction remains in people forever, so relapsing is possible even when a person has been an abstinent for many years.
Physiological dependence results from our body getting accustomed to the action of a particular substance at a certain level. Lowering that level can lead to numerous problems called withdrawal syndrome. Those include pains, feeling cold, diarrheas, high blood pressure and heart problems, insomnia, excessive sweating and dryness in the mouth.
Drugs
DrugsdrugsDrugs are dangerous addictive substances. When taken regularly they lead to physiological addiction and psychological addiction called drug addictiondrug addictiondrug addiction. Substances that are considered narcotics are substances of plant origin and synthetic origin. According to the WHO, narcotics are also alcohol and nicotine. Drugs damage the liver, kidneys, they degenerate brain tissue and influence the brain, limit the ability to think and remember, as well as cause negative changes in behaviour. Depending on the substance, narcotics can cause unnatural state of agitation, delusions and hallucinations or lowered activity of the body. Overdosing on drugs can lead to death. In addition, it is common among drug addicts to use the same needles and syringes to introduce the narcotics, which makes it easy to transfer the HIV virus and viruses that cause hepatitis type B and C.
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Ilustracja przedstawia różne skutki stosowania marihuany: zmniejszenie zainteresowania światem zewnętrznym, rozdrażnienie, osłabienie zdolności koncentracji i postrzegania, zaburzenia koordynacji ruchowej, osłabienie pamięci, obniżenie poziomu testosteronu (u mężczyzn), lęki, depresja. W środku listek konopii. Podpisano: annoyed or irritated; reducing interest in the outside world; impairment of concentration and perception; depression; weakness of memory; reduction of testosterone levels in men; paranoia; disorders of motor coordination;
The influence of marijuana on our body
Source: Dariusz Adryan, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Ilustracja przedstawia różne skutki przyjmowania amfetaminy: Amfetamina podwyższa stan gotowości organizmu (mobilizuje), zwiększa wrażliwość na bodźce, bezpośrednio po zażyciu polepsza koncentrację, usprawnia pamięć, powoduje zwiększenie pewności siebie, bezsenność, nasilenie agresji, bóle i zawroty głowy, drażliwość, agresja, ryzyko zawału serca i udaru mózgu, utrata wagi, omamy, zanik samokontroli, uzależnienie psychiczne. Podpisano: increases the state of the body's readiness (mobilizes); increases sensitivity to stimuli; immediately after applying, improves concentration, improves memory, increases self-confidenceinsomnia; intensification of aggression; headaches and dizziness, irritability, aggression; weight loss; hallucinations; loss of self-control; psychological dependence;
The influence of amphetamine on our body
Source: Dariusz Adryan, Michael Allen Smith, www.flickr.com, licencja: CC BY-SA 2.0.
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Ilustracja przedstawia różne skutki wpływu LSD na organizm: zmiana doznań zmysłowych, przywidzenia (halucynacje), zaburzenia poczucia czasu i miejsca ( gdzie ja jestem? Jaki mamy dzień?), utrata pamięci, problemy psychiczne, drżenie mięśni, ślinotok, mdłości. Podpisano: change of sensations; hallucinations (hallucinations); memory loss; disorder of the sense of time and place (Where am I? What day is it?)psychological problems; muscle twitching; salivation; nausea;
The influence of LSD on our body
Source: Dariusz Adryan, bykst, http://pixabay.com, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Alcohol
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Tabela zawiera dwie kolumny i przedstawia wpływ promili alkoholu na zachowanie człowieka. W lewej kolumnie wypisano zawartość alkoholu we krwi w promilach, the content of alcohol in the blood. Wartości od 0,1 promila do 5 i powyżej. W prawej kolumnie opisano efekt wpływu alkoholu na organizm człowieka, effects on the body, od rozproszonej uwagi do ciężkiego zatrucia. U góry na ciemnoniebieskiej belce z lewej symbol butelki i kieliszka, z prawej znak zakazu jazdy samochodem. Kolejno: 0,1 promila- rozproszona uwaga, distracted attention; 0,2 promila- przedłużony czas rozpoznawania obiektów, prolonged time of object recognition; 0,3 promila- niewielkie zaburzenia równowagi i koordynacji, gorsze postrzeganie odległych obiektów, slight disturbances of balance and coordination worse perception of distant objects; 0,5 promila- zmniejszanie umiejętności rozpoznawania sytuacji, pobudliwości, opóźniania adaptacji oka do ciemności, reducing the ability to recognize situations, excitability, delaying the adaptation of the eye to darkness, 0,8 promila- czystych zaburzeń równowagi i koordynacji, redukcji samokontroli i krytyki, clear disturbances of balance and coordination, reduction of self-control and criticism, 1,5 promila- przyspieszonych obciążeń i podwyższonej presji, błędów logicznego myślenia, opóźnionego czasu reakcji, agresywnego zachowania, accelerated burdens and elevated pressure, errors in logical thinking, delayed reaction time, aggressive behavior; 2 promile- zaburzenia mowy, równowaga, zmniejszona kontrola śmiertelnych zachowań, speech disorder, balance, reduced control of fatal behavior, drowsiness, 4 promili- spadek ciśnienia krwi, niższa temperatura ciała, senność, drop in blood pressure, lower body temperature, drowsyness; 5 i więcej promila- zatrucie organizmu kończące się śmiercią, poisoning of the organism ending with death.
How does alcohol influence the body of a human?
Source: Dariusz Adryan, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
AlcoholalcoholAlcohol is one of the most popular stimulants that have intoxicating effects. It has accompanied us for ages. Alcohol is consumed during family events and official events, it has a particular role in many people's lives. However, when consumed excessively, it influences their behaviour and health.
Alcohol does not require digestion – it is directly absorbed from the digestive tract to the blood. That is why it quickly reaches all the organs. Just after consuming it, alcohol causes pleasant relaxation. However, even small amounts of alcohol absorbed by the brain weaken the areas that control neural coordination, movement coordination, attention and the ability to assess the situation. Alcohol consumed in excess causes intoxication, whose symptoms are: slurring speech, double vision, problems with balance and stupor. Regular use of alcohol can lead to alcoholismalcoholismalcoholism – an addiction that is hard to manage. Alcohol level in the blood is expressed in Blood Alcohol Content (BAC), expressed in % by volume. For instance, in North America a BAC of 0.1 (0.1%) means that there are 0.10 g of alcohol for every 100 ml of blood.
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Ilustracja przedstawia kufel piwa, lampkę wina i kieliszek wódki. Naczynia zawierają dziesięć gramów alkoholu etylowego (10 g ethyl alcohol), ale różnią się jego objętością. Kufel piwa (beer) zawiera dwieście pięćdziesiąt mililitrów płynu o zawartości alkoholu pięć procent. Lampka wina (wine) zawiera sto mililitrów płynu o zawartości alkoholu dwanaście procent. Kieliszek wódki (vodka) zawiera trzydzieści mililitrów płynu o zawartości alkoholu czterdzieści procent.
Alcohol in various forms acts the same way
Source: Dariusz Adryan, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Nicotine
While smoking tobbacco, nicotine is absorbed to the blood already in the oral cavity and upper airways. Delivered to blood, it goes through the alveoli and, with blood, reaches all the cells. Under the influence of nicotine, the brain produces substances that influence the emotions. They stimulate the organism and cause the feeling of pleasure. The brain quickly begins expecting regular amounts of nicotine and, when it stops receiving them, it experiences withdrawal symptoms – this is how nicotine addictionnicotine addictionnicotine addiction is created. Regular consumption of nicotine damages the cardiovascular system. It increases the frequency of heart beats and narrows the arteries. It causes the blood pressure to rise, which may lead to heart diseases and damage to other organs. Large amounts of nicotine cause intoxication, which often results in nausea, vomiting, heart pounding and fainting.
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Exercise 1
Select all the statements that are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Addiction is a type of an illness and should be treated correctly., 2. You can get addicted not only to a chemical substance, but also to a certain behaviour., 3. Excessive and uncontrollable use of computer, TV or mobile phone is not an addiction., 4. The withdrawal syndrome can lead to pain, a feeling of heat, and low blood pressure., 5. A person who conquered her addiction once before does not need to be afraid of relapsing.
Select all the statements that are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Addiction is a type of an illness and should be treated correctly., 2. You can get addicted not only to a chemical substance, but also to a certain behaviour., 3. Excessive and uncontrollable use of computer, TV or mobile phone is not an addiction., 4. The withdrawal syndrome can lead to pain, a feeling of heat, and low blood pressure., 5. A person who conquered her addiction once before does not need to be afraid of relapsing.
Select all the statements that are true.
Addiction is a type of an illness and should be treated correctly.
You can get addicted not only to a chemical substance, but also to a certain behaviour.
Excessive and uncontrollable use of computer, TV or mobile phone is not an addiction.
The withdrawal syndrome can lead to pain, a feeling of heat, and low blood pressure.
A person who conquered her addiction once before does not need to be afraid of relapsing.
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Exercise 2
Match the names with their corresponding groups. Addiction to an action Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. gambling, 2. tanorexia, 3. nicotine addiction, 4. sugar addiction, 5. anorexia/bulimia, 6. computer addiction, 7. addiction to training, 8. shopaholism, 9. workaholism, 10. drug addiction, 11. caffeine addiction, 12. alcoholism. Addictions to chemical substances Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. gambling, 2. tanorexia, 3. nicotine addiction, 4. sugar addiction, 5. anorexia/bulimia, 6. computer addiction, 7. addiction to training, 8. shopaholism, 9. workaholism, 10. drug addiction, 11. caffeine addiction, 12. alcoholism
Match the names with their corresponding groups. Addiction to an action Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. gambling, 2. tanorexia, 3. nicotine addiction, 4. sugar addiction, 5. anorexia/bulimia, 6. computer addiction, 7. addiction to training, 8. shopaholism, 9. workaholism, 10. drug addiction, 11. caffeine addiction, 12. alcoholism. Addictions to chemical substances Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. gambling, 2. tanorexia, 3. nicotine addiction, 4. sugar addiction, 5. anorexia/bulimia, 6. computer addiction, 7. addiction to training, 8. shopaholism, 9. workaholism, 10. drug addiction, 11. caffeine addiction, 12. alcoholism
Drag the names to their corresponding groups.
workaholism, computer addiction, anorexia/bulimia, tanorexia, shopaholism, drug addiction, gambling, alcoholism, caffeine addiction, nicotine addiction, addiction to training, sugar addiction
Addiction to an action
Addictions to chemical substances
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Exercise 3
Match the consequences of using addictive substances to their names. alcohol Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. they can alter our consciousness in various ways, overdose leads to death, 2. stimulates our body causing the feeling of pleasure, increases the frequency of heat beats and narrows the arteries, which leads to higher blood pressure, 3. in small doses it causes us to relax, at the same time lowering the attention, coordination of movements and the ability to assess the situation, 4. in small doses it stimulates our body, but in large doses it can cause bad mood, states of dread and heart pounding caffeine Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. they can alter our consciousness in various ways, overdose leads to death, 2. stimulates our body causing the feeling of pleasure, increases the frequency of heat beats and narrows the arteries, which leads to higher blood pressure, 3. in small doses it causes us to relax, at the same time lowering the attention, coordination of movements and the ability to assess the situation, 4. in small doses it stimulates our body, but in large doses it can cause bad mood, states of dread and heart pounding drugs Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. they can alter our consciousness in various ways, overdose leads to death, 2. stimulates our body causing the feeling of pleasure, increases the frequency of heat beats and narrows the arteries, which leads to higher blood pressure, 3. in small doses it causes us to relax, at the same time lowering the attention, coordination of movements and the ability to assess the situation, 4. in small doses it stimulates our body, but in large doses it can cause bad mood, states of dread and heart pounding nicotine Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. they can alter our consciousness in various ways, overdose leads to death, 2. stimulates our body causing the feeling of pleasure, increases the frequency of heat beats and narrows the arteries, which leads to higher blood pressure, 3. in small doses it causes us to relax, at the same time lowering the attention, coordination of movements and the ability to assess the situation, 4. in small doses it stimulates our body, but in large doses it can cause bad mood, states of dread and heart pounding
Match the consequences of using addictive substances to their names. alcohol Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. they can alter our consciousness in various ways, overdose leads to death, 2. stimulates our body causing the feeling of pleasure, increases the frequency of heat beats and narrows the arteries, which leads to higher blood pressure, 3. in small doses it causes us to relax, at the same time lowering the attention, coordination of movements and the ability to assess the situation, 4. in small doses it stimulates our body, but in large doses it can cause bad mood, states of dread and heart pounding caffeine Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. they can alter our consciousness in various ways, overdose leads to death, 2. stimulates our body causing the feeling of pleasure, increases the frequency of heat beats and narrows the arteries, which leads to higher blood pressure, 3. in small doses it causes us to relax, at the same time lowering the attention, coordination of movements and the ability to assess the situation, 4. in small doses it stimulates our body, but in large doses it can cause bad mood, states of dread and heart pounding drugs Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. they can alter our consciousness in various ways, overdose leads to death, 2. stimulates our body causing the feeling of pleasure, increases the frequency of heat beats and narrows the arteries, which leads to higher blood pressure, 3. in small doses it causes us to relax, at the same time lowering the attention, coordination of movements and the ability to assess the situation, 4. in small doses it stimulates our body, but in large doses it can cause bad mood, states of dread and heart pounding nicotine Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. they can alter our consciousness in various ways, overdose leads to death, 2. stimulates our body causing the feeling of pleasure, increases the frequency of heat beats and narrows the arteries, which leads to higher blood pressure, 3. in small doses it causes us to relax, at the same time lowering the attention, coordination of movements and the ability to assess the situation, 4. in small doses it stimulates our body, but in large doses it can cause bad mood, states of dread and heart pounding
Match the consequences of using addictive substances to their names.
in small doses it stimulates our body, but in large doses it can cause bad mood, states of dread and heart pounding, stimulates our body causing the feeling of pleasure, increases the frequency of heat beats and narrows the arteries, which leads to higher blood pressure, they can alter our consciousness in various ways, overdose leads to death, in small doses it causes us to relax, at the same time lowering the attention, coordination of movements and the ability to assess the situation
alcohol
caffeine
drugs
nicotine
Summary
Addiction is the strong need to take a certain addictive substance in order to feel pleasure or to get rid of negative consequences of its lack, e.g. alcohol consumption, smoking tabbacco, computer games, shopping.
Drugs mainly work on nervous system, especially how the brain works, and they lead to the addiction of the organism.
Alcoholism is a social disease that damages the drinker and his family.
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Grafika przedstawiająca tablicę szkolną, na której znajdują się zdania do dokończenia. Finish selected sentences. 1 It was easy for me (uzupełnij). 2 It was difficult for me (uzupełnij). 3 Today I learned (uzupełnij). 4 I understood that (uzupełnij). 5 It surprised me (uzupełnij).
Grafika przedstawiająca tablicę szkolną, na której znajdują się zdania do dokończenia. Finish selected sentences. 1 It was easy for me (uzupełnij). 2 It was difficult for me (uzupełnij). 3 Today I learned (uzupełnij). 4 I understood that (uzupełnij). 5 It surprised me (uzupełnij).
How was this lesson? Did you like it? Finish selected sentences.
How was this lesson? Did you like it? Finish selected sentences.
alkohol – potoczna nazwa napoju zawierającego alkohol etylowy (etanol), odurzający związek chemiczny o działaniu narkotycznym i uzależniającym; powoduje chorobę nazywaną alkoholizmem
narkotyki – potoczna nazwa niektórych substancji odurzających działających na ośrodkowy układ nerwowy; ich regularne przyjmowanie prowadzi do uzależnienia fizycznego i psychicznego nazywanego narkomanią
