Topicm58bbe99af283cb56_1528449000663_0Topic

What determines the friction force?

Levelm58bbe99af283cb56_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm58bbe99af283cb56_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

I. The use of physical concepts and quantities to describe phenomena and to indicate their examples in the surrounding reality. The student:

2) extracts the phenomenon from its context, names it and indicates factors that are important and irrelevant to its occurrence.

II. 11) recognizes and names forces, gives examples in various practical situations (force: gravitational, normal, elastic, friction).

Timingm58bbe99af283cb56_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm58bbe99af283cb56_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Presentation of friction forces.

Key competencesm58bbe99af283cb56_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Recognizes the causes of friction forces.

2. Defines what determines the friction force.

3. Determines the positive and negative effects of friction forces.

Operational (detailed) goalsm58bbe99af283cb56_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- recognizes the causes and effects of friction forces,

- specifies how to change friction forces.

Methodsm58bbe99af283cb56_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Student exercises.

Forms of workm58bbe99af283cb56_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Work with the whole class.

Lesson stages

Introductionm58bbe99af283cb56_1528450127855_0Introduction

Task 1

Answer the questions:

1. Two bodies come into contact with each other and move one over the other. Where does resistance of motion appear?

2. What methods of changing the resistance of motion in a bicycle wheel do you know?

3. Give an everyday example of a situation little resistance of motion is needed.

4. Give an everyday example of a situation that requires great resistance of motion.

5. Why do you think winter car tyres are narrower than the summer car tyres?

Answer:

1. The resistance of motion appears in the places where the surfaces of the two moving bodies are in contact.

2. The resistance of turning bicycle wheels can be decreased by pumping them up, applying lubricated ball bearings and lubricating the chain. Similar to the car, where moving elements, mainly bearings, are lubricated.

3. Little resistance of motion is needed while pivots of the wheel rotate in a bearing. Little resistance of motion are needed in suspension of movable gates.

4. Great resistance of motion is needed while piling objects in a warehouse or while braking in vehicle brakes.

5. In winter when the road may be more slippery than in summer, narrower car tyres are used. A narrower tyre means a smaller surface of contact between the car and the road. The total mass of the vehicle is constant, not dependant on the width of the tyre, but it is spread out on a smaller surface. The contact force per cmIndeks górny 2 of the contact surface is greater thus the friction is greater, too.

Procedurem58bbe99af283cb56_1528446435040_0Procedure

Task 2

Familiarize yourself with the force system shown in interactive illustration.

[Interactive illustration]

Let’s imagine that we want to move a wardrobe form one place in a room to another. We use the force of our muscles to do it. However, it isn’t easy.
The resistance that appears while trying to move the wardrobe is called static friction or stiction. Friction balances the force needed to move the wardrobe. It is happening until the value of static friction reaches the maximum value and the wardrobe starts moving. Both forces have the same point of application, direction and value but they are opposite.
When the body moves, the friction also occurs. However, it has a lower value than the maximum static friction force. The friction that occurs when you move the body is called kinetic friction.
m58bbe99af283cb56_1527752256679_0Let’s imagine that we want to move a wardrobe form one place in a room to another. We use the force of our muscles to do it. However, it isn’t easy.
The resistance that appears while trying to move the wardrobe is called static friction or stiction. Friction balances the force needed to move the wardrobe. It is happening until the value of static friction reaches the maximum value and the wardrobe starts moving. Both forces have the same point of application, direction and value but they are opposite.
When the body moves, the friction also occurs. However, it has a lower value than the maximum static friction force. The friction that occurs when you move the body is called kinetic friction.

We usually label the friction force with the symbol FT or T and express it in force unit - newton [N].

[Slideshow]

Task 3

View the slideshow „Properties of the friction force” and draw conclusions resulting from the presented pictures.

Conclusions:

1. The friction between the body at rest and the surface is the static friction.
2. The friction between the moving body and the surface is the kinetic friction.
3. With the increase of the normal force of the body moving on the same surface, the friction force increases.
4. For various materials that the ground on which a body is moving is made of, the friction can become greater or less.
5. The friction force depends on the weight of the body and the type of the surface on which the body moves.
m58bbe99af283cb56_1527752263647_01. The friction between the body at rest and the surface is the static friction.
2. The friction between the moving body and the surface is the kinetic friction.
3. With the increase of the normal force of the body moving on the same surface, the friction force increases.
4. For various materials that the ground on which a body is moving is made of, the friction can become greater or less.
5. The friction force depends on the weight of the body and the type of the surface on which the body moves.

In order to calculate the friction force, we use the following formula:

FT=f·FN

where:

FN - normal forcenormal forcenormal force

FT - friction force,

f - coefficient of frictioncoefficient of frictioncoefficient of friction.

Definition:

The coefficient of kinetic frictionkinetic frictionkinetic friction depends on the type of surfaces rubbing each other. It does not have a unit - we can see it after we transform the formula:

f=FTFNNN

Coefficient of friction is a quantity without a physical unit.

Task 4

Using the table below, calculate:

a) The magnitude of the skier’s normal force on snow if the friction force is 32 N.

b) The magnitude of the friction force of a cyclist riding on a wet concrete, if the mass of the cyclist is 54 kg and the mass of the bicycle is 15 kg.

[Table 1]

Answer:

a) Given:

FT=32N

fk=0,04

Unknown: FN=?

FN=FTfk=32N0,04

FN=800N

Answer:

The skier's normal forcenormal forcenormal force on snow is 800 N.

b) Given:

m1=54kg

m2=15kg

fk=0,5

g=10ms2

Unknown: FT=?

The weight of the cyclist with the bicycle:

Q=(54kg+15kg)10ms2

Q=690N

The weight of the cyclist with the bicycle is equal to the normal force FIndeks dolny N:

FN=Q=690N

FT=fkFN=0,5690N

FT=345N

Answer:

The friction force of a cyclist riding on a wet concrete is 345 N.

Lesson summarym58bbe99af283cb56_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

- Friction – the force between the surfaces of two bodies in contact. The force of friction is always opposite to the direction of velocity that the body is moving with. Friction connected with sliding a body on a surface (sliding friction) is slightly greater while making a body move than when the body is already in this motion. For this reason we divide friction into static and kinetic.
- Static frictionstatic frictionStatic friction force occurs with the appearance of a force trying to set the body in motion relative to the surface.
- The kinetic frictionkinetic frictionkinetic friction force acts between the moving body and the surface. It has an orientation opposite to the velocity of the body.
- The kinetic friction force depends on the normal forcenormal forcenormal force of the body on the surface and on the type of materials from which the contacting surfaces are made.
- To calculate the friction forces we can use the following formula:

FT=f·FN

where:

FN - normal force,

FT - friction force,

f - coefficient of friction.

- The coefficient of frictioncoefficient of frictioncoefficient of friction describes the type of surfaces rubbing each other and it has no unit.
- We determine the coefficient of friction experimentally.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

coefficient of frictioncoefficient of frictioncoefficient of friction

frictionfrictionfriction

kinetic frictionkinetic frictionkinetic friction

normal forcenormal forcenormal force

static frictionstatic frictionstatic friction

m58bbe99af283cb56_1527752263647_0
m58bbe99af283cb56_1527752256679_0
m58bbe99af283cb56_1528449000663_0
m58bbe99af283cb56_1528449084556_0
m58bbe99af283cb56_1528449076687_0
m58bbe99af283cb56_1528449068082_0
m58bbe99af283cb56_1528449523725_0
m58bbe99af283cb56_1528449552113_0
m58bbe99af283cb56_1528450430307_0
m58bbe99af283cb56_1528449534267_0
m58bbe99af283cb56_1528449514617_0
m58bbe99af283cb56_1528450127855_0
m58bbe99af283cb56_1528446435040_0
m58bbe99af283cb56_1528450119332_0
normal force1
normal force

siła nacisku

RHFVilDqJPq7v1
wymowa w języku angielskim: normal force
coefficient of friction1
coefficient of friction

współczynnik tarcia

R1NAVi9tVkp4A1
wymowa w języku angielskim: coefficient of friction
kinetic friction1
kinetic friction

tarcie kinetyczne

R25AoGdCkAI6e1
wymowa w języku angielskim: kinetic friction
static friction1
static friction

tarcie statyczne

RUQ8OcxulM9TE1
wymowa w języku angielskim: static friction
friction1
friction

tarcie

R171ayTlnqvbL1
wymowa w języku angielskim: friction