Topicmab1499a3eddc4516_1528449000663_0Topic

Operation of the DC motor. Electrodynamic force. Electric motor

Levelmab1499a3eddc4516_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculummab1499a3eddc4516_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

VII. Magnetism. The student:

6) indicates magnetic influence as the basis for the operation of electric motors.

Timingmab1499a3eddc4516_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesmab1499a3eddc4516_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Describes how a DC motorDC motorDC motor works.

Key competencesmab1499a3eddc4516_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Explains what the electrodynamic force is.

2. Determines the direction of the electrodynamic force.

Operational (detailed) goalsmab1499a3eddc4516_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- describes what the electrodynamic forceelectrodynamic forceelectrodynamic force is,

- explains how the dc motor works.

Methodsmab1499a3eddc4516_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Discussion.

2. Text analysis.

Forms of workmab1499a3eddc4516_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionmab1499a3eddc4516_1528450127855_0Introduction

Students remind what is the shape of the magnetic field lines around the wire through which the electric current flows.

Describe the shape of the magnetic field lines around the a current‑carrying wire.

Proceduremab1499a3eddc4516_1528446435040_0Procedure

The teacher discusses with the students what an electrodynamic forceelectrodynamic forceelectrodynamic force is.

The current flowing in a wire creates a magnetic field, especially strong when the wire is wound into a coil and placed around the iron core. The magnetic field around a magnet can also influence a current‑carrying wire, by repelling or attracting the conductor with current.

Electrodynamic force:

Whenever a current‑carrying wire is placed in a magnetic field, this conductor experiences an electrodynamic force. This force is perpendicularperpendicularperpendicular to both the magnetic field and the direction of electric current. These three directions – and therefore the movement of the wire - can be determined using a left‑hand rule.

Left‑hand ruleleft‑hand ruleLeft‑hand rule:

We stretch the thumb, fore‑finger and middle finger of the left hand so that they become perpendicular to each other. The fore‑finger represents the direction of magnetic field (from the north to the south pole) and the middle finger stands for direction of current. The thumb represents the direction of force (and also the direction of the movement of the wire).mab1499a3eddc4516_1527752263647_0We stretch the thumb, fore‑finger and middle finger of the left hand so that they become perpendicular to each other. The fore‑finger represents the direction of magnetic field (from the north to the south pole) and the middle finger stands for direction of current. The thumb represents the direction of force (and also the direction of the movement of the wire).

[Interactive graphics]

A current‑carrying wire placed in a constant magnetic field will be deflected. The greater the current, the larger the wire deflection. If the direction of current changes, than the direction of force and deflection will also change.

[Illustration 1]

Task 1

Explain using the left‑hand ruleleft‑hand ruleleft‑hand rule the direction of the movement of the wire on the picture above.

Simple DC motors:

A simple electric motor can be constructed using a coil of wire (armaturearmaturearmature) that is free to rotate between two opposite magnetic poles.

When an electric current flows through the coil, it experiences a magnetic force and rotates. One side of the coil goes up and the other side moves down, according to the left‑hand ruleleft‑hand ruleleft‑hand rule. The direction of the current flow is reversed every half turn. Otherwise the coil would stop.

Changing the current direction in the coil is achieved using two conducting halves of ring, called commutatorcommutatorcommutator, which are connected to the armaturearmaturearmature. The commutator has an electric contact with the brushes. The brushes are just two pieces of springy metal or carbon that make electric contact with the commutatorcommutatorcommutator. This allows supplying voltage in the same direction all the time. The both magnets around the armaturearmaturearmature are called statorstatorstator. Instead of magnets electromagnets can also be used.

The number of rotations per second of a motor can be increased by either increasing the current flowing in the coil or by increasing the strength of the magnetic field.

[Illustration 2]

Lesson summarymab1499a3eddc4516_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

The force exerted on a conductor through which electric current flows, placed in a magnetic field is called electrodynamic force. This force is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the direction of electric current. The rotation of a simple DC motor is possible due to electrodynamic force.mab1499a3eddc4516_1527752256679_0The force exerted on a conductor through which electric current flows, placed in a magnetic field is called electrodynamic force. This force is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the direction of electric current. The rotation of a simple DC motor is possible due to electrodynamic force.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

armaturearmaturearmature

brushbrushbrush

commutatorcommutatorcommutator

DC motorDC motorDC motor

electrodynamic forceelectrodynamic forceelectrodynamic force

left‑hand ruleleft‑hand ruleleft‑hand rule

perpendicularperpendicularperpendicular

statorstatorstator

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DC motor1
DC motor

silnik prądu stałego

R8mEIhxTZ364q1
wymowa w języku angielskim: DC motor
electrodynamic force1
electrodynamic force

siła elektrodynamiczna

RQHeT1VN5a76L1
wymowa w języku angielskim: electrodynamic force
perpendicular1
perpendicular

prostopadły

RLchkLnd38FA61
wymowa w języku angielskim: perpendicular
left‑hand rule1
left‑hand rule

reguła lewej ręki

R1RJPrJQcCpuB1
wymowa w języku angielskim: left‑hand rule
armature1
armature

ramka

R5QDmdt6Pv86W1
wymowa w języku angielskim: armature
commutator1
commutator

komutator

RthwOL6oUZ9we1
wymowa w języku angielskim: commutator
stator1
stator

stojan

Ryd936B3IA3d71
wymowa w języku angielskim: stator
brush1
brush

szczotka

RT4TcBXmCc3KM1
wymowa w języku angielskim: brush