Topicma393aa601b074cf9_1528449000663_0Topic

Plasma

Levelma393aa601b074cf9_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumma393aa601b074cf9_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

I. Using physical terms and quantities to describe phenomena and to identify their examples in everyday life.

Timingma393aa601b074cf9_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesma393aa601b074cf9_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Recognising the fourth state of matter.

Key competencesma393aa601b074cf9_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Recognising the plasma occurrence.

2. Determining the properties of plasma.

Operational (detailed) goalsma393aa601b074cf9_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- recognising the fourth state of matter,

- determining the properties of plasma and giving examples of its application.

Methodsma393aa601b074cf9_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Learning through observation.

Forms of workma393aa601b074cf9_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Work with the whole class.

Lesson stages

Introductionma393aa601b074cf9_1528450127855_0Introduction

Task

Answer the following questions:

1. What states of matter do you know?

2. Give the physical properties which describe the different states.

Answers:

1. There exist three states of matter: gas, liquid and solid.

2. Solids have a certain shape and volume.
Liquids take the shape of the container in which they are placed but they keep their volume.
Gases take the shape of the container in which they were placed and fill in the entire volume of container.

Procedurema393aa601b074cf9_1528446435040_0Procedure

Task

Specify the physical state of matter of the physical bodies which are shown in the following photographs.

[Illustration 1]

In Photo 2 there is a television set that has a specific shape and volume. Therefore, the television set is an example of a solid body. On the other hand, in Photos 1, 3, 4 there are physical bodies which have an important feature: the emission of light. So far, we have not learnt about the state of matter with such a property.

The Photos 1, 3, 4 there are physical bodies which have an important feature - the emission of light.

- These bodies do not have a certain shape or a certain volume; what is more, for their existence they need a constant supply of energy from outside. The luminescent ionized gas (Photo 1) and the lightning bolt (Photo 3) require the flow of an electric current through the gas. The temperature of the atmospheric gas during the atmospheric discharge reaches a few or several thousand degrees.

- The glare of the fire (Photo 4) is related to the turbulent occurrence of the chemical reaction. In the case of combustion of organic bodies composed of hydrocarbons, the combustion temperature is several hundred Kelvin.

- The physical luminous bodies (Photos 1, 3 and 4) are in the fourth state of matter. For its occurrence, plasma needs a continuous supply of energy in the form of heat or electricity. Because plasma naturally does not fill the entire volume of the container, it is not gas.

Conclusion:

There is the fourth state of matter called plasmaplasmaplasma. PlasmaplasmaPlasma consists of excited molecules, ionized molecules (ions) and electronselectronselectrons. The presence of this state of matter is often associated with the emission of visible or ultravioletultravioletultraviolet light.

Task

Watch the interactive illustration „The fourth state of matter - plasmaplasmaplasma” and answer the questions.

[Interactive illustration]

1. What particles is plasmaplasmaplasma consists of?

2. In what conditions is plasmaplasmaplasma created?

Answers:

1. PlasmaplasmaPlasma is made of free molecules, many of which emit light. Such molecules are formed in the ionized gas. Because of this, the particles of plasmaplasmaplasma consist of excited molecules as well as ions and electronselectronselectrons.

2. PlasmaplasmaPlasma is generated in high gas temperature (over 3500 K). Near the temperature of 10000 K, every gas becomes plasmaplasmaplasma.

Although plasma is the most commonly occurring state of matter in the Universe, we rarely have an opportunity to see it - examples of phenomena in which plasma formation can be observed are lightning and northern lights. Due to its antimicrobial properties, plasma is more and more often used in many areas, primarily medicine, dentistry and food processing.

Plasma in dentistry and medicine.

Research on the use of cold plasma in dentistry and medicine focus primarily on the action of plasma on the physiological state of normal and cancer cells, inhibiting the development of tumors, accelerating the treatment of difficult to heal wounds, as well as removing microorganisms from biological surfaces and medical equipment. Plasma treatment of higher organisms, including humans, depends on its dose:
- small doses - can kill the protein without affecting mammalian cells,
- medium doses - there is a process of accelerating wound healing, increasing cell proliferation, increasing growth factor secretion and apoptosis of the tumor cells,
- high doses - are harmful and can cause cell death.

The use of plasma in dentistry is based mainly on the fight against bacteria living on the surface of the teeth in the form of difficult to fight biofilms, which cause infection of the mouth, teeth or gums.

Plasma in food processing.

The use of plasma in purifying food products from microorganisms brings with it a number of advantages - compared to traditional methods of food decontamination, such as heat treatment, plasma practically does not change the structure or properties of nutritional or sensory products - the taste or smell values remain the same as in the case non‑plasma samples.

Lesson summaryma393aa601b074cf9_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

PlasmaplasmaPlasma - ionized matter in a gas‑like state of matter, in which a significant number of the particles are electrically charged. Plasma consists of excited molecules and free charged particles in the form of ions and electronselectronselectrons. PlasmaplasmaPlasma is created in conditions of high gas temperature over 3500 K or during the flow of an adequately strong electric current. Near the temperature of 10000 K, each gas becomes plasmaplasmaplasma.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

candlecandlecandle

electronselectronselectrons

flameflameflame

plasmaplasmaplasma

ultravioletultravioletultraviolet

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plasma1
plasma

plazma

RQeAWGqvYI4DK1
wymowa w języku angielskim: plasma
electrons1
electrons

elektrony

RM5mqyUkq2BAX1
wymowa w języku angielskim: electrons
ultraviolet1
ultraviolet

ultrafiolet

ROeuPOBLr6UDY1
wymowa w języku angielskim: ultraviolet
candle1
candle

świeca

R1422YtHUToBA1
wymowa w języku angielskim: candle
flame1
flame

płomień

R18DHjm3FtRST1
wymowa w języku angielskim: flame