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The picture below shows a homeless man in the streets of a city. What are the problems that the homeless have to face on a regular basis? In this section, you are going to read a text which will help you understand and talk about them.

Poniższe zdjęcie przedstawia bezdomnego mężczyznę na ulicach miasta. Z jakimi problemami na co dzień borykają się bezdomni? W tej sekcji przeczytasz tekst, który pomoże ci je zrozumieć i o nich opowiadać.

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Being homeless in a big city is tough
Bycie bezdomnym w dużym mieście jest trudne
Źródło: dostępny w internecie: pexels.com [dostęp 20.10.2021], domena publiczna.
Exercise 1
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Drag the following words to make logical expressions. This exercise will refresh your memory. affordable Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. care, 2. programmes, 3. homelessness, 4. skills, 5. reconnection, 6. housing addictions Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. care, 2. programmes, 3. homelessness, 4. skills, 5. reconnection, 6. housing hidden Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. care, 2. programmes, 3. homelessness, 4. skills, 5. reconnection, 6. housing life Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. care, 2. programmes, 3. homelessness, 4. skills, 5. reconnection, 6. housing family Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. care, 2. programmes, 3. homelessness, 4. skills, 5. reconnection, 6. housing self- Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. care, 2. programmes, 3. homelessness, 4. skills, 5. reconnection, 6. housing
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Read the text about homelessness and do the exercises below.

Being Homeless
Chris Howard Being Homeless

People living on the streets often get labelled as street urchinsstreet urchins [street urchin]street urchins or driftersdrifters [drifter]drifters since many communities see them as a problem. With housing being very expensive, particularly in heavily populated areas in the likes of New York City, sleeping roughsleeping roughsleeping rough is often the only option for some people. Others may be able to afford to sleep in hostelshostels [hostel]hostels – small accommodation which often caters to several people per room, making them much cheaper alternatives to actual hotels.

It is common for the homeless population to have no fixed addressno fixed addressno fixed address, which most often leads to issues like being unable to find work or open bank accounts. In other words, it is very difficult for homeless people to claim housing benefitshousing benefitshousing benefits. The lack of a bank account can also mean that buying food is impossible, which in turn makes their need for places like  soup kitchenssoup kitchens [soup kitchen]soup kitchens more pressing. And what are soup kitchens exactly? They are locations where free meals are provided to homeless or down and outdown and outdown and out people. Other than receiving food, they can also count on warmth and support from the workers. Unfortunately, little more can be done.

The question may arise at this point: how does one become homeless? What leads to this inhumane situation? Sociologists argue there are many reasons. Among others: abuse or losing a job. Of course, some people claim that homelessness is their choice. That may well be true, but many of them did not, in fact, decide to live on the streets. They're homeless due to events beyond their control.

 Unfortunately, the problem of homelessness affects not only individuals but also entire families who are sometimes referred to as waifs and strayswaifs and strayswaifs and strays, and are most likely to be displaceddisplaceddisplaced by either catastrophic events, such as Hurricane Katrina, or economic factors. Due to circumstances beyond their control, whole families are forced to live as though they had no roots, no background and often no hope to retrieve their homes.

1 Źródło: Chris Howard, [na podstawie:] https://www.crisis.org.uk/ending-homelessness/about-homelessness/ [dostęp 11.10.2021], https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing/homelessness-and-human-rights [dostęp 11.10.2021], licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 2
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Answer the questions.There is only one correct answer in each point.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 3
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Read the text above. Fill in the text summary with words from the text. First letters are given.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 4
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Read the text above. Then, type in the missing words (translations of Polish words) to complete the sentences below.
  1. Having Tu uzupełnij (żadnego stałego adresu) often results in poor or no job perspectives.
  2. How long has he been living Tu uzupełnij (w tym schronisku)? It is shabby and gloomy.
  3. After this enormous flood, nearly all Tu uzupełnij (przesiedleni) need new homes.
  4. It is difficult when people regard you as a Tu uzupełnij (menel, ulicznik), because it creates an inevitable image of a feeble person who cannot be trusted.
  5. She has always tried to help Tu uzupełnij (przybłędom, bezdomnym rodzinom), and her house was always the centre of confusion full of those in need.
  6. Most of his teenage years he spent begging and Tu uzupełnij (śpiąc pod gołym niebem).
  7. When you are Tu uzupełnij (w dołku), life seems to be sensless and pitiful.
  8. Some of those homeless lost their homes due to Tu uzupełnij (eksmisji).
    Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

    GRAMATYKA

    Niektóre przymiotniki mogą pełnić funkcję rzeczowników. Opisują wówczas grupę ludzi. W tym celu przed przymiotnik należy wstawić the przymiotnik przejmuje wtedy funkcję rzeczownika, a rzeczownik jest już zbędny. Przykładowo: zamiast mówić sick people, można po prostu powiedzieć the sick. Czasowniki występujące po przymiotnikach w funkcji rzeczowników przyjmują zwykle liczbę mnogą.

    Exercise 5
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    Replace each of the definitions in brackets with an adjective used as a noun.
    1.     (People who are famous) Tu uzupełnij     happen not to enjoy fame.
    2. The government should provide special aid for     (people who have no education) Tu uzupełnij.
    3. This splendid, ultra modern device is especially designed for     (people who cannot see) Tu uzupełnij.
    4.     (People who are about to die) Tu uzupełnij     feel more secure and peaceful with their loved ones around them.
    5. Nurses were hectically trying to help     (soldiers who were wounded by a weapon) Tu uzupełnij.
    6.     (People who are sick) Tu uzupełnij     need emphatetic care and deep understanding.
    7. Those who live on the verge of poverty rarely understand     (people who are rich)Tu uzupełnij.
    8.     (People who are homeless) Tu uzupełnij     deal with a plethora of issues that extend beyond the lack of a safe harbour.
    9. In many cases, those who suffer from homelessness can only rely on     (those who have compassion) Tu uzupełnij.
    Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
    Exercise 6
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    Read the grammar section and type in the missing words to transform the sentences. Use no more than five words.
    1. Sign language was invented to communicate with people who cannot hear. Sign language was invented as a means of     Tu uzupełnij.
    2. People who have no home constitute a significant percentage of the population of this town.     Tu uzupełnij     constitute a significant percentage of the population of this town.
    3. Every year, millions join the ranks of people without a job worldwide. Every year, the number of     Tu uzupełnij     and bigger worldwide.
    4. There were thousands of injured people.     Tu uzupełnij     in the thousands.
    5. The facilities in the new toilets were not adequate for people with disabilities. The facilities in the new toilets were     Tu uzupełnij.
    6. My aunt claims that people who are no longer alive talk to her. My aunt claims that she can     Tu uzupełnij.
    7. Mr and Mrs Browns haven't been invited for the annual company ball. Nobody has invited the     Tu uzupełnij     annual company ball.
    8. Homeless people are apparently deprived of many priviliges. Homeless people are apparently     Tu uzupełnij.
    Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

    Słownik

    displaced
    displaced

    / dɪsˈpleɪst /

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe

    przeniesiony, przesiedlony (having been forced to leave your home, for example by a war or dangerous event)

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe
    down and out
    down and out

    / daʊn ənd aʊt /

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe

    w dołku, bez domu i pieniędzy (having no luck, no money, and no opportunities)

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe
    drifters [drifter]
    drifters [drifter]

    / ˈdrɪftəz / / ˈdrɪftə /

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe

    włóczędzy [włóczęga]  (someone who does not have a permanent home or job and moves from one place to another or from one job to another)

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe
    enforce the law
    enforce the law

    / ɪnˈfɔːs ðə lɔː /

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe

    egzekwować prawo  (to make people obey a law)

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe
    hostels [hostel]
    hostels [hostel]

    / ˈhɒstl̩z / / ˈhɒstl̩ /

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe

    schroniska [schronisko] (a large house where people can stay free or cheaply)

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe
    housing benefits
    housing benefits

    / ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈbenɪfɪts /

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe

    dodatki mieszkaniowe (money paid by the government to help people who are poor pay for a place to live in)

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe
    no fixed address
    no fixed address

    / ˈnəʊ fɪkst əˈdres /

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe

    bez stałego adresu (to not have a permanent home)

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe
    on the streets
    on the streets

    / ˈɒn ðə striːts /

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe

    na ulicy  (without a home)

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe
    sleeping rough
    sleeping rough

    / ˈsli:pɪŋ rʌf /

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe

    spanie pod gołym niebem (to sleep outside because you have no home and no money)

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe
    soup kitchens [soup kitchen]
    soup kitchens [soup kitchen]

    / ˈsu:p kɪtʃənz / / ˈsu:p kɪtʃən /

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe

    jadłodajnie dla ubogich [jadłodajnia dla ubogich] (a place where free soup or other food is given to people with no money or no home)

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe
    street urchins [street urchin]
    street urchins [street urchin]

    / stri:t ɜ:tʃɪnz / / stri:t ɜ:tʃɪn /

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe

    ulicznicy [ulicznik] (a child who is poor and does not have a home, living and sleeping on the streets of a city)

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe
    waifs and strays
    waifs and strays

    / weɪfs ənd streɪz /

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe

    bezdomne rodziny (people with no homes)

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    Nagranie dźwiękowe

    Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY‑SA 3.0

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    (Uzupełnij).
    Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.