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The image below shows contemporary shopping. The internet allows for a stress‑free shopping experience, but it also allows us to prepare for shopping in in‑store shops. In a world in which we are constantly attacked by 'bargain shopping' advertising, can we try to balance our necessary expenses with those that are not essential? What can we do to make our purchases sensible and at the same time save money for the future?

Poniższa ilustracja przedstawia współczesne zakupy. Internet pozwala na bezstresowe kupowanie oraz na przygotowanie się do zakupów w sklepach stacjonarnych. Czy w świecie, w którym nieustannie jesteśmy atakowani reklamami „okazyjnych zakupów”, możemy postarać się o rozróżnienie niezbędnych wydatków i tych, które są zbędne? Co zrobić, by nasze zakupy jednocześnie były rozsądne i pozwoliły nam na zaoszczędzenie nieco środków z naszych funduszy?

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“Too many people spend money they haven't earned, to buy things they don't want, to impress people that they don't like.” (Will Rogers)
„Zbyt wielu ludzi wydaje pieniądze, których nie zarobili, aby kupić rzeczy, których nie chcą, aby zaimponować ludziom, których nie lubią”. (Will Rogers)
Źródło: dostępny w internecie: www.pexels.com [dostęp 28.09.2022], domena publiczna.
1
Exercise 1

Drag the phrases and words to create a quotation related to spending habits.

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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 1
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Drag the phrases and words to create a quotation related to spending habits. 1. it's, 2. your, 3. spending, 4. habits, 5. rich, 6. your, 7. you, 8. that, 9. ,, 10. salary, 11. makes, 12. It's, 13. not 1. it's, 2. your, 3. spending, 4. habits, 5. rich, 6. your, 7. you, 8. that, 9. ,, 10. salary, 11. makes, 12. It's, 13. not 1. it's, 2. your, 3. spending, 4. habits, 5. rich, 6. your, 7. you, 8. that, 9. ,, 10. salary, 11. makes, 12. It's, 13. not 1. it's, 2. your, 3. spending, 4. habits, 5. rich, 6. your, 7. you, 8. that, 9. ,, 10. salary, 11. makes, 12. It's, 13. not 1. it's, 2. your, 3. spending, 4. habits, 5. rich, 6. your, 7. you, 8. that, 9. ,, 10. salary, 11. makes, 12. It's, 13. not 1. it's, 2. your, 3. spending, 4. habits, 5. rich, 6. your, 7. you, 8. that, 9. ,, 10. salary, 11. makes, 12. It's, 13. not 1. it's, 2. your, 3. spending, 4. habits, 5. rich, 6. your, 7. you, 8. that, 9. ,, 10. salary, 11. makes, 12. It's, 13. not 1. it's, 2. your, 3. spending, 4. habits, 5. rich, 6. your, 7. you, 8. that, 9. ,, 10. salary, 11. makes, 12. It's, 13. not 1. it's, 2. your, 3. spending, 4. habits, 5. rich, 6. your, 7. you, 8. that, 9. ,, 10. salary, 11. makes, 12. It's, 13. not 1. it's, 2. your, 3. spending, 4. habits, 5. rich, 6. your, 7. you, 8. that, 9. ,, 10. salary, 11. makes, 12. It's, 13. not 1. it's, 2. your, 3. spending, 4. habits, 5. rich, 6. your, 7. you, 8. that, 9. ,, 10. salary, 11. makes, 12. It's, 13. not 1. it's, 2. your, 3. spending, 4. habits, 5. rich, 6. your, 7. you, 8. that, 9. ,, 10. salary, 11. makes, 12. It's, 13. not 1. it's, 2. your, 3. spending, 4. habits, 5. rich, 6. your, 7. you, 8. that, 9. ,, 10. salary, 11. makes, 12. It's, 13. not.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Read the text and do the exercises below.

Good and Bad SpenderspenderSpender
Zdzisław Dudek Good and Bad Spender

How to be a good spender?

How to become a consciousconsciousconscious spender and live safer financially? Saving does not at all have to mean giving up the comforts of life or entertainment. By following a few simple steps, you may create better spending habits, feel safer, and achieve your bigger financial goals faster.

Step 1

Create an emergency fundemergency fundemergency fund to cover unexpected costs. You will avoid costly interest chargesinterest charges [interest charge]interest charges if things go wrong and get extra money for a great summer holiday (for example) in the future. The rule of thumbrule of thumb (idiom)rule of thumb is to save 10% of your income every month. Why 10%? Because it sounds manageablemanageablemanageable and is unlikely to interfere withinterfere with somethinginterfere with your basic needs.

Step 2

Create a plan for how to spend your money and note down how you spend each month. In other words, create your own budget. It sounds technical and difficult, but in fact it is very simple:

- determine your monthly budget;

- collect all the documents recording your fixed costsfixed costfixed costs;

- determine all necessary variable expensesvariable expenses [variable expense]variable expenses, such as the cost of food, transportation, or entertainment;

- add all your other regular contributionscontributions [contribution]contributions, i.e. costs of education, subscriptions, etc.

- think again about your spending habits, perhaps you forgot to include “casualcasualcasual” snacks or treatstreats [treat]treats you accidently buy regularly. Their prices usually escape our attention.

Step 3

Now look again at the figures: is your budget sensiblesensiblesensible or are you often short of moneyyou are often short of money [be short of money], idiomare you often short of money? Are your calculations realistic or does your new budget need readjustmentreadjustmentreadjustment? There is nothing wrong with modifying it after some time. Perhaps it will become a tool you use to discover some unnecessary spending you usually do not notice? Especially, if you reflectreflectreflect on a number of budgets month by month. It can be a revelationrevelationrevelation.

Whatever the benefits of budgetingbudgetingbudgeting may be, there is one important thing: always think about the prize that goes with better monitoringmonitoringmonitoring of your finances. You should always have a goal, whatever its size (it can be a holiday or a new laptop)! Think ahead and enjoy the thought! It is really important.

There’s just one more issue: can anything be done to avoid being a bad spender?

How to be a bad spender?

Step 1

We all sometimes spend money without a plan. The problem starts when we spend money without reflection (step 2 shows you one tool to increase your awarenessawarenessawareness). Things that you should definitely try to avoid are:

- going shopping on an impulseon an impulseon an impulse, especially when you decide to buy something without comparing prices (why not use on‑line tools first?). The best policypolicypolicy is always giving yourself time to think things overthink things over [think something over]think things over before you commitcommit (yourself)commit. Perhaps the best time to buy this thing is next month or a different season?

- doing shopping without a shopping list. A good list will help you not only to remember what you need to buy, but also to avoid things you do not really need (some people buy things not because they need them, but because they are bored!).

- buying things just to impressimpress peopleimpress others, reflect: will this product really make me happier or be disposed ofdisposed ofdisposed of after a short time? And in the case of a more expensive item: does it really match my style, interests, or hobby?

- getting caught by the tricks of advertisers who try to make you reach for brand‑name productsbrand‑name productbrand‑name products without even thinking. At least try genericgeneric brandgeneric or store brandsstore brandstore brands, starting with the products you buy most often. You may be surprised how much money you may save.

- buying convenience foodconvenience foodconvenience food or snacks “out of habit” (just think: wouldn’t a home‑made lunch or sandwich be cheaper and, most  of all, healthier?)

Step 2

Reflect on your budget (or better yet: a series of budgets) and find items which were actually a waste of money. Those which have dragged you away from your dream goal or prize. Aren’t they a product of a bad habit which you have developed over time and is difficult to get rid of? Think about what you are going to lose by sticking to it.sticking to it (sticking to something)sticking to it.

Step 3

Breaking bad habitsbreaking bad habitsBreaking bad habits and being aware of your spending habits will definitely produce some savings. TracktrackTrack them with pride and watch them grow. This pride will motivate you to keep goingkeep goingkeep going when temptationtemptationtemptation strikes.

Conclusion

Keeping in mind these simple steps above will definitely make you feel better and much safer. Adopting healthier ways of managing your money will, in the end, bring greater financial freedom and peace of mindpeace of mindpeace of mind.

1 Źródło: Zdzisław Dudek, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 2
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Drag and drop the information on the right into the correct group on the left. The number of answers in each group is different. 1. Good spending habits Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. regular buying of casual snacks and drinks, 2. getting rid of subscriptions, you don’t often use, 3. trying different generic brands, 4. buying convenience food, 5. readjusting your budget to be able to afford fixed costs, 6. comparing your budgets month to month, 7. always saving with a goal in mind, 8. recording your spending, 9. buying things cheaper even if you don’t need them, 10. always buying brand-name products, 11. saving what was left after all expenses each month, 12. getting a good loan from the bank to finance your holidays, you can pay it back later 2. Bad spending habits Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. regular buying of casual snacks and drinks, 2. getting rid of subscriptions, you don’t often use, 3. trying different generic brands, 4. buying convenience food, 5. readjusting your budget to be able to afford fixed costs, 6. comparing your budgets month to month, 7. always saving with a goal in mind, 8. recording your spending, 9. buying things cheaper even if you don’t need them, 10. always buying brand-name products, 11. saving what was left after all expenses each month, 12. getting a good loan from the bank to finance your holidays, you can pay it back later
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 3
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Read the text above and decide if the sentences below are true or false. 1. Saving is always connected with limiting life comforts.
TRUEFALSE

2. If your emergency fund is hardly manageable, reduce it.
TRUEFALSE

3. An emergency fund will usually be spent at the end of the month.
TRUEFALSE

4. The cost of electricity bills can be classified as a fixed cost.
TRUEFALSE

5. The things we buy to impress others often do not match our needs.
TRUEFALSE

6. Budgeting is a tool which can limit your unnecessary spending.
TRUEFALSE

7. Store brands usually use expensive and attractive marketing campaigns.
TRUEFALSE

8. Eating home-made food is usually more expensive than buying convenience foods.
TRUEFALSE

9. A good method for breaking bad spending habits is being peaceful.
TRUEFALSE

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 4
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Drag and drop elements to fill in the gaps in the sentences. There are two additional words which do not fit anywhere. 1. Our expenses have increased so much that our budget requires some 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation.
2. Analysts say that a majority of people prefer 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation when buying shoes.
3. We can only predict how much bread and milk costs, and they are 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation.
4. Van Gogh’s paintings came as a 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation to her.
5. The magazine is funded by 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation from private persons.
6. Typical 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation include rent, car payments, or insurance payments.
7. Financial institutions earn profit from 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation on your credit card.
8. Try not to use up more than 30% of the credit available on your card – that’s a 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation every card user should know.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 5
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Type in the missing words to complete the text below. The first letters have been given. It is always important to be cTu uzupełnij about what is really essential in your life, or you unexpectedly lose the option to enjoy the moment. This also goes for spending. We all have the tendency to sTu uzupełnij to habits which make our lives easier. Why cook when you can grab a ready-made dinner? Why prepare a coffee when there is a machine in the shop? Such behaviour may not only iTu uzupełnij with any plans we might have, but also become a type of addiction. Some people even need therapy to bTu uzupełnij the habits which make them unhappy (or just very fat). Spending money the way other people do is a losing game. Always bear in mind what is essential to you. Is safety and pTu uzupełnij of mind important in your life? Keep an eTu uzupełnij fund at hand! You are dreaming about a fantastic holiday? Just notice the unnecessary things you are wasting your money on. Of course, we all need to spend money to meet our needs. But, just take a moment and reflect: does this purchase answer your essential needs or have you just been kidnapped by a sudden iTu uzupełnij provoked by some advertisement? It may take a moment and you are going to dTu uzupełnij your great purchase into a dustbin, or perhaps it will sit in the corner gathering dust… Take your time, patience is the best pTu uzupełnij. If it is something you really need, it will become obvious a moment later. If not, put the money on your savings account. Being sTu uzupełnij eventually pays off.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Słownik

awareness
awareness

/ əˈweənəs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

świadomość

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
bargain shopping
bargain shopping

/ ˈbɑːɡɪn ˈʃɒpɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zakupy po okazyjnej cenie (sale of goods offering a special price, usually lower than the regular price)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
brand‑name product
brand‑name product

/ ˌbrænd neɪm ˈprɒdʌkt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

produkt markowy (product which is made by a well‑known manufacturer and bears their label)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
breaking bad habits
breaking bad habits

/ ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˌbæd ˈhæbɪts /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przełamywanie złych nawyków (giving up bad habits)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
budgeting
budgeting

/ ˈbʌdʒətɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

planowanie wydatków (creating a plan to spend your money)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
casual
casual

/ ˈkæʒʊəl /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

tu: przygodny/przygodna, przypadkowy/przypadkowa (occasional)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
commit (yourself)
commit (yourself)

/ kəˈmɪt jɔːˈself /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zobowiązać (się) (decide that you will definitely do something)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
conscious
conscious

/ ˈkɒnʃəs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

świadomy/świadoma

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
contributions [contribution]
contributions [contribution]

/ ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn̩z / / ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

składki [składka] (a sum of money that you pay regularly to a plan)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
convenience food
convenience food

/ kənˈviːnɪəns fuːd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

dania gotowe (commercially prepared food)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
disposed of
disposed of

/ dɪˈspəʊzd ɒv /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wyrzucony/wyrzucona (thrown away)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
emergency fund
emergency fund

/ ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi fʌnd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

fundusz awaryjny, pieniądze na czarną godzinę (money set aside to pay for unexpected expenses)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
essential
essential

/ ɪˈsenʃl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

niezbędny/niezbędna, istotny/istotna

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
expenses [expense]
expenses [expense]

/ ɪkˈspensɪz / / ɪkˈspens /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

koszty, wydatki [koszt, wydatek]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
fixed cost
fixed cost

/ fɪkst kɒst /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

koszty stałe (unchangeable costs, esp. those which have to be regularly paid)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
generic brand
generic brand

/ dʒɪˈnerɪk brænd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

marka generyczna (nieposiadająca znaku towarowego) (products lacking a widely recognisable logo or trademark and not advertised)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
impress people
impress people

/ ɪmˈpres ˈpiːpl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zrobić wrażenie na ludziach

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
interest charges [interest charge]
interest charges [interest charge]

/ ˈɪntrəst ˈtʃɑːdʒɪz / / ˈɪntrəst tʃɑːdʒ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

koszty odsetek [koszt odsetek]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
interfere with something
interfere with something

/ ˌɪntəˈfɪə wɪð ˈsʌmthetaɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

kolidować z czymś

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
is a losing game [be a losing game], idiom
is a losing game [be a losing game], idiom

/ ɪz ə ˈluːzɪŋ ˈgeɪm / / bi ə ˈluːzɪŋ ɡeɪm /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

jest przegrany/przegrana [być przegranym/przegraną]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
keep going
keep going

/ kiːp ˈɡəʊɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

kontynuować, robić to dalej (continue)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
manageable
manageable

/ ˈmænɪdʒəbl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

dający/dająca się wykonać (feasible)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
monitoring
monitoring

/ ˈmɒnɪtərɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

nadzór, monitorowanie (control)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
on an impulse
on an impulse

/ ˈɒn ən ˈɪmpʌls /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pod wpływem impulsu

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
peace of mind
peace of mind

/ ˈpi:s əv maɪnd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

(własny) spokój (feeling of calm)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
policy
policy

/ ˈpɒləsi /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

strategia, zasada postępowania

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
purchases [purchase]
purchases [purchase]

/ ˈpɜːtʃəsɪz / / ˈpɜːtʃəs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zakupy [zakup] (act of buying something)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
readjustment
readjustment

/ ˌriːəˈdʒʌstmənt /

R1IEi7r7Gk7CL1
Nagranie dźwiękowe

dostosowanie na nowo (adjusting again)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
revelation
revelation

/ ˌrevəˈleɪʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

odkrycie, objawienie (information which comes as a surprising discovery)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
reflect
reflect

/ rɪˈflekt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zastanowić się (think again)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
rule of thumb (idiom)
rule of thumb (idiom)

/ ruːl əv ˈthetaʌm /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

praktyczna zasada (a way of judging a situation using only your common sense and experience)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
savings account
savings account

/ ˈseɪvɪŋz əˈkaʊnt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

rachunek oszczędnościowy

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
sensible
sensible

/ ˈsensəbl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

rozsądny/rozsądna

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
spender
spender

/ ˈspendə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

osoba wydająca pieniądze (a person who spends money in a particular way)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
sticking to it (sticking to something)
sticking to it (sticking to something)

/ stɪkɪŋ tu ˈɪt / / stɪkɪŋ tu ˈsʌmthetaɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

(uparte) trzymanie się tego [trzymać się czegoś (uparcie)]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
store brand
store brand

/ stɔː brænd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

marka sklepowa (product bears the brand of the shop and not its producer)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
temptation
temptation

/ tempˈteɪʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pokusa

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
think things over [think something over]
think things over [think something over]

/ ˈthetaɪŋk ˈthetaɪŋz ˈəʊvə / / ˈthetaɪŋk ˈsʌmthetaɪŋ ˈəʊvə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przemyśleć pewne rzeczy [przemyśleć coś]

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track
track

/ træk /

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śledzić (follow)

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treats [treat]
treats [treat]

/ triːts / / triːt /

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smakołyki [smakołyk] (something eaten as an addition to regular meals for pleasure, usually sweet)

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variable expenses [variable expense]
variable expenses [variable expense]

/ ˈveərɪəbl̩ ɪkˈspensɪz / / ˈveərɪəbl̩ ɪkˈspens /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

koszty zmienne [koszt zmienny] (costs that change over time, such as groceries)

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you are often short of money [be short of money], idiom
you are often short of money [be short of money], idiom

/ ju ər ˈɒfn̩ ʃɔ:t əv ˈmʌni / / bi ʃɔ:t əv ˈmʌni /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

brakuje ci często pieniędzy [nie mieć pieniędzy]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY‑SA 3.0

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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.