Topic: Everyday beverages

Target group

High school / technical school student

Core curriculum

New core curriculum:

High school and technical high school. Chemistry – basic level:

XXI. Chemistry around us. Pupil:

6) searches for information on the ingredients contained in coffee, tea, milk, water mineral, cola drinks in the aspect of their effects on the human body.

High school and technical high school. Chemistry – extended level:

XXI. Chemistry around us. Pupil:

6) searches for information on the ingredients contained in coffee, tea, milk, water mineral, cola drinks in the aspect of their effects on the human body.

Old core curriculum:

High school and technical high school. Chemistry – basic level:

XXI. Chemistry around us. Student:

5) searches for information on ingredients contained in coffee, tea, milk, mineral water, cola drinks in terms of their effects on the human body.

General aim of education

The student chooses the right drink in terms of health and justifies his choice

Key competences

• communication in foreign languages;

• digital competence;

• learning to learn.

Criteria for success
The student will learn:

• how the ingredients of popular drinks (eg coffee, tea, carbonated water, fruit juices) act on the human body;

• to search for information on the properties of beverage ingredients and their effects on the human body;

• to assess the nutritional value of the product based on the information provided on the label.

Methods/techniques

• activating

  • discussion;

  • flipped classroom.

• exposing

  • exposition.

• programmed

  • with computer;

  • with e‑textbook.

• practical

  • exercices concerned.

Forms of work

• individual activity;

• activity in pairs;

• activity in groups;

• collective activity.

Teaching aids

• e‑textbook;

• notebook and crayons/felt‑tip pens;

• interactive whiteboard, tablets/computers.

Lesson plan overview

Introduction

1. The teacher hands out Methodology Guide or green, yellow and red sheets of paper to the students to be used during the work based on a traffic light technique. He presents the aims of the lesson in the student's language on a multimedia presentation and discusses the criteria of success (aims of the lesson and success criteria can be send to students via e‑mail or posted on Facebook, so that students will be able to manage their portfolio).

2. The teacher together with the students determines the topic – based on the previously presented lesson aims – and then writes it on the interactive whiteboard/blackboard. Students write the topic in the notebook.

Realization

1. Classes are conducted using the reversed class method. Before classes, the students were divided into groups. The task of each of them is to prepare a presentation on a given topic. The teacher points out that in addition to students' speeches, presentations should also appear in the presentations (photos, graphs, compilations, films). The teacher also informs that in presentations, students take into account nutritional values, properties, effects on the human body, advantages and disadvantages of beverages.
   Issues to develop:
   group I – Coffee and its effect on the body;
   group II – Tea and its effect on the body;
   group III – Spring, mineral, table and medicinal waters and their effect on the body;
   group IV – Carbonated, energy and isotonic drinks and their effect on the body;
   group V – Fruit juices, nectars, fruit flavored drinks and milk and their effect on the body.

2. Groups present their presentations. After each of them, the other students can ask questions to the speakers. At the end, students evaluate the presentations.

3. The teacher recommends students to prepare an observation journal in abstract. He informs that they will watch the film „What are different cola and cola light drinks”. Before this happens, they are to formulate a research question and hypotheses and note them in the indicated place. After the screening, they set together observations, then conclusions, and write them down as well.

4. At the end of the lesson, the teacher asks students to do an interactive exercise – individual work.

Summary

1. The teacher asks the students to finish the following sentences:

   • Today I learned ...

   • I understood that …

   • It surprised me …

   • I found out ...

   The teacher can use the interactive whiteboard in the abstract or instruct students to work with it

Homework

1. Listen to the abstract recording at home. Pay attention to pronunciation, accent and intonation. Learn to pronounce the words learned during the lesson.

2. Make at home a note from the lesson using the sketchnoting method.

The following terms and recordings will be used during this lesson

Terms

Texts and recordings

Everyday beverages

Caffeine is a white, odourless substance, sparingly soluble in water. This compound is also a component of energy drinks, cola drinks, chocolate and Kola nuts. Caffeine is rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract and is excreted in the urine.

Caffeine stimulates the cerebral cortex, improves the efficiency of thinking, speeds up heart action, and improves well‑being. Its effect on the body depends on body weight. Excessive intake of caffeine (above 2000mg) can cause insomnia, impaired motor coordination, increased breathing rate and general anxiety.

Other compounds contained in coffee, such as polyphenols, antioxidants, have a beneficial effect on the body, because these slow down the aging process, prevent the accumulation of cholesterol, protect against atherosclerosis. Coffee ingredients can also act adversely, because they stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, causing heartburn in many cases. Coffee can contribute to bloating and indigestion, increasing the risk of colon cancer. An important disadvantage of coffee is its irritating effect on the digestive tract. The lethal dose of caffeine is about 10 g (depending on body weight). Getting out of caffeine addiction is linked with headache, irritability, lack of energy and drowsiness.

Caffeine belongs to the alkaloid group (a group of organic compounds, usually of vegetable origin, containing nitrogen and having a strong effect). Some of the alkaloids are used as medicines, others are poisons.

Tea (mainly white and green) contains significant amounts of compounds that support the body's natural defence mechanisms, counteract cancer. These compounds are called antioxidants because they inhibit the body's oxidative processes. Its activity is due to i.e. unique amino acid – theanine contained in it. The most of this ingredient is contained in green tea – 100 g of dried leaves contains 0.6–2.3 mg of theanine. Theanine influence on the taste of tea. Interesting is the physiological activity of theanine – it lowers blood pressure, has an effect on information transfer and brain function, has a calming and relaxing effect.

Other important components of tea are:

Caffeine – initially, it was mistakenly thought that tea included a compound with caffeine‑like properties and structure, which was called theine. Currently, it is already known that the compound is simply caffeine.

Flavonoids (polyphenols) – have strong antioxidant properties and the ability to bind metals, due to which these helps to protect the body against harmful free radicals.

Tea also contains some vitamins: A, B1, B2, C, E and K and mineral compounds of: fluorine ions, calcium ions, iron ions, potassium ions, sodium ions, zinc ions.

Tea is a beverage with high health‑promoting properties, but it can also work unfavourably.

• Consuming too much tea (more than 4 cups a day) can make the tannins contained in it irritate the mucous membrane, which will adversely affect the absorption of nutrients. In addition, an excess of tannins destroys vitamin BIndeks dolny 1₁.

• Polyphenols in tea can block the absorption of iron compounds from meat and fish. Therefore, people suffering from anaemia should not drink tea with food. To neutralize this effect, foods rich in vitamin C should be consumed to increase the absorption of iron ions.

• Drinking too much tea (especially strong) before bedtime can cause insomnia.

Spring waters come from underground deposits. These contain only a few minerals that are important for human health. Very low mineralization (up to 500 mg of minerals/l) are the cause why such waters have a high degree of assimilability, which results in leaching healthy minerals from the body. Excessive consumption of such waters at one time may cause disturbances of the body's water and mineral metabolism.

Mineral waters come from shallower underground intakes than spring waters, so they are richer in minerals. These can be medium mineralized (500–1500 mg/l) and highly mineralized (over 1500 mg of mineral substances/l). Regular consumption of approx. 1 litre per day of certain mineral waters, e.g. with high (or) low ion sodium content or high content of ions of magnesium and calcium, may improve some of the body's physiological functions. Systematic drinking of waters containing a significant amount of ions of calcium and magnesium in quantities of 0.5–1 litre per day improves the balance of these elements in our body.

Table waters are enriched with the most needed minerals, especially ions of magnesium, calcium and iodine (mineralized). These can be a very important supplement to the diet, especially in areas where there are no natural mineral waters. Such waters are hard waters and have beneficial effects on the heart. People who often drink water containing a lot of ions of magnesium and calcium, protect their body against cardiovascular disease and heart attack.

Medicinal waters (available in sanatoriums and pharmacies) support the treatment of various diseases. Depending on the composition and mutual proportions of their components, these improve metabolism, relieve stomach discomfort, help to cure kidney diseases and fight diabetes. Medicinal waters do not quench thirst and should only be used as directed by the doctor. It should be remembered that medicinal waters act as a medicine and they must not be overdosed, as these may have harmful effect.

Cola and other still and sparkling sweetened beverages do not have nutritional values, and their main advantages are the taste associated with high sugar content. Obviously, these fulfil the basic function for beverages – they provide water. However, consuming a large amount of this type of beverage can adversely affect our health. The carbon dioxide contained may cause flatulence and high sugar content lead to obesity. The acid pH of carbonated beverages adversely affects the condition of the teeth, and the presence of phosphoric acid increases the risk of osteoporosis incidence, i.e. loss of bone mass.

Energizers (energetic drinks) are intended for people whose energy demand is higher than average. Their action is based on improving the concentration and efficiency of the body, in addition, these accelerate metabolism.

These beverages include mainly caffeine. The other ingredients are taurine, B vitamins, various herbs and sugar. This composition is supplemented by water, carbon dioxide, acidity regulators. The high content of some ingredients in beverages can be dangerous – especially when consumed by children or pregnant women – this is the case with caffeine and B vitamins. Typically, energy drinks contain caffeine in the amount of 32 mg/100 ml and significant amounts of B vitamins.

For this reason, you should drink them with caution. This is particularly important because the consumption of excessive amounts of caffeine does not improve sport performance, but has adverse side effects.

The main components of isotonic beverages are water, carbohydrates and sodium chloride.

Fruit juices are a source of many vitamins and mineral salts, necessary for proper development and good health. Juices and nectars enrich the human body with such essential nutrients as: pro‑vitamin A, vitamin PP, vitamin C, vitamin E, potassium ions, fibre, pectin, and folic acid.

Fibre is a non‑digestible carbohydrate. It does not have nutritional functions, but it is beneficial in human diet because it speeds up intestinal peristalsis, regulates defecation and reduces the absorption of cholesterol.

It is worth knowing that:

• one glass of carrot juice (200 ml) covers the average daily requirement for vitamin A;

• two glasses (200 ml each) of orange juice or blackcurrant nectar cover the daily average requirement for vitamin C;

• one glass of tomato juice provides an average of 500 mg of potassium compounds, which satisfies on average 25% of the daily requirement.

Drink milk–you will be great– it is widely believed that after breastfeeding, the diet of a child or young man there must include cow's or goat's milk. It is believed that milk is one of the most valuable foods available to humans, because it is a source of easily digestible protein and calcium ions and an important source of vitamins B Indeks dolny 2₂ and BIndeks dolny 12₁₂.

It is usually recommended to consume 2–3 glasses of milk per day, and for athletes, approximately 1 litre per day. Of course, you can replace milk with milk products. For example, considering the protein content, 2 glasses of milk can be replaced with two glasses of natural yoghurt or 100 g of curd cheese or 150 g of cottage cheese. Due to the source of protein and its assimilation, milk products, including beverages and curd cheese, are more recommended.

• Drinks are an essential ingredient in our daily diet. In addition to satisfying the thirst by providing water and mineral salts dissolved in it, these can be the source of other substances that affect our body.

• The active ingredient of coffee and tea is the same substance with stimulating properties – caffeine. Caffeine is also included in cola drinks and energy drinks.

• Juices contain the same (beneficial to our health) ingredients as fruits and vegetables. These provide antioxidants and enrich the diet with essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and micro- and macronutrients.

• Milk is an exceptional drink because it provides practically all necessary nutrients (water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and vitamins).