Topicm5707f34c88c851c4_1528449000663_0Topic

Charging by induction

Levelm5707f34c88c851c4_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm5707f34c88c851c4_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

VI. Electricity. The  student:

4) describes the displacement of charges in conductors under the influence of external charge (electrostatic induction).

Timingm5707f34c88c851c4_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm5707f34c88c851c4_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Familiarizing students with chargingchargingcharging bodies by electrostatic inductioninductioninduction.

Key competencesm5707f34c88c851c4_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Explanation of differences in the structure of a conductor and insulator.

2. Describing interactions between bodies under the influence of unbalanced chargechargecharge.

3. Explanation of differences in the behaviour of charges in the conductor and in the insulator under the influence of external charge.

Operational (detailed) goalsm5707f34c88c851c4_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- describes interactions between bodies under the influence of electrically charged external body,

- explains differences in the behaviour of charges in the conductor and in the insulator under the influence of external electrically charged body.

Methodsm5707f34c88c851c4_1528449534267_0Methods

1. A talk presenting new information.

2. Conversational lecture.

Forms of workm5707f34c88c851c4_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Cooperation of students with the teacher while acquiring new knowledge.

2. Individual and group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionm5707f34c88c851c4_1528450127855_0Introduction

Answer the introductory questions for the lesson:

1. Present in brief the structure of the atom.

2. What are electrons and where are they located?

3. Does each atom of any chemical element have the same number of electrons?

Procedurem5707f34c88c851c4_1528446435040_0Procedure

What is a conductor?
The conductor is a body in which electrons orbiting the atomic nucleus are weakly bound to the atomic nucleus. The electrons in the outermost orbits can practically move freely throughout the whole volume of a body. m5707f34c88c851c4_1527752256679_0The conductor is a body in which electrons orbiting the atomic nucleus are weakly bound to the atomic nucleus. The electrons in the outermost orbits can practically move freely throughout the whole volume of a body. 

[Illustration 1]

What is an insulator?
The insulator is a body in which electrons orbiting the nucleus are strongly bound to the nucleus and absolutely cannot move throughout the whole volume of the body. In certain situations, they can move slightly inside an atom.

[Illustration 2]

[Interactive graphics 1]

ChargingchargingCharging is the process of accumulation of an excess of chargechargecharge of the same sign in a given body.
Charging by inductioninductioninduction of a conductor is based on the displacement of free electrons inside it.
Charging by induction of an insulator causes its polarizationpolarizationpolarization (displacement of charges inside atoms - dipoles).

Consider the situation.

We bring a charged ebonite rod (-) close to a not charged electroscope (without touching), and then the same with a glass rod (+).

[Interactive graphics 2]

Bringing a charged body (regardless of its sign) to a not charged electroscope causes the moving of electrons in the electroscope, as a consequence the positive/negative charge accumulating on the electroscope ball and opposite charge on the electroscope leaves, and as the cosequence it causes the leaves to rise. After moving the charged body away, the leaves close.

Under the influence of a charged body free electrons in the conductor move.

1. During the interaction with a positively charged body, electrons „come close” to it.
2. When brought near to a negatively charged body, free electrons in the conductor move to be as far as possible.

In the first case, the separation of chargechargecharge occurs - deficiency of electrons on the leaves (+).
In the second case, excess of electrons on the leaves (-).

As a result of the presence of like charges, the leaves rise.

Experiment 1

Research hypothesis:

The leaves of the electroscope can be charged temporarily.

Using charged ebonite rod and charged glass rod, perform the experiment described above and then answer the questions.

1. Is chargingchargingcharging of the electroscope leaves permanent?
2. What are the differences when charging the leaves of the electroscope by inductioninductioninduction (influence) with ebonite rods and glass rods?
3. Suggest how the leaves of the electroscope can be charged permanently.

Is it possible to permanently chargechargecharge the electroscope without touching it with a charged body?

[Gallery 1]

1. Bring the charged rod nearer to the electroscope, so that its leaves will rise.
2. Touch the electroscope with your finger (not the rod). Our finger acts like grounding. Electrons pushed to the leaves are „looking for” a further way to get away from the negative rod as far as possible and are leaving the electroscope through our finger. The leaves will close.
3. We remove the finger from the electroscope - the situation does not change.
4. When we take the charged rod away, which we kept all the time close to the electroscope, then the leaves will rise again. This is because the electrons „escaped” through our finger when they were repelled by the rod.

Conclusion:

There is deficiency of electrons in the electroscope. The electroscope was positively permanently charged, positively.

Experiment 2

Research hypothesis:

The leaves of the electroscope can be permanently charged.

Perform the experiment described above.

Lesson summarym5707f34c88c851c4_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Charging by induction, i.e. the influence of another charged body nearby, relies on the displacement of free electrons within the metal or the polarization of atoms in the insulator (electric dipoles are created). As a result, the body as a whole is still electrically neutral, but one side has „+” charge and the other „-” charge.m5707f34c88c851c4_1527752263647_0Charging by induction, i.e. the influence of another charged body nearby, relies on the displacement of free electrons within the metal or the polarization of atoms in the insulator (electric dipoles are created). As a result, the body as a whole is still electrically neutral, but one side has „+” charge and the other „-” charge.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

chargingchargingcharging

inductioninductioninduction

chargechargecharge

charge displacementcharge displacementcharge displacement

polarizationpolarizationpolarization

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charging 1
charging

elektryzowanie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: charging
induction1
induction

indukcja

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wymowa w języku angielskim: induction
charge 1
charge

ładunek

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wymowa w języku angielskim: charge
polarization1
polarization

polaryzacja

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wymowa w języku angielskim: polarization
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charge displacement

przesunięcie ładunków

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wymowa w języku angielskim: charge displacement