Topicm40a7a6190f99b421_1528449000663_0Topic

Physical properties of gases, thermal and electrical conductionelectrical conductionelectrical conduction

Levelm40a7a6190f99b421_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm40a7a6190f99b421_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

I. The use of physical concepts and quantities to describe phenomena and to indicate their examples in the surrounding reality.

Timingm40a7a6190f99b421_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm40a7a6190f99b421_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Recognition of physical properties of gases.

Key competencesm40a7a6190f99b421_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Recognition of physical properties of gases.

2. Determination of thermal and electrical conduction in gases.

Operational (detailed) goalsm40a7a6190f99b421_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- recognizes properties of gases,

- determines thermal and electrical conductionelectrical conductionelectrical conduction in gases.

Methodsm40a7a6190f99b421_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Learning by observation.

2. Learning by experimenting.

Forms of workm40a7a6190f99b421_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Work with the whole class, brainstorming.

Lesson stages

Introductionm40a7a6190f99b421_1528450127855_0Introduction

Task 1

Answer the questions:

a) What properties do gases have?
b) What does it mean that gases are compressible and expandable?
c) What is air?
d) What gases the air consists of?

Answer:

a) Gases take the shape of the vessel in which they are in and fill its entire volume. The gases are compressible as opposed to solids and liquids.
b) Unlike solids and liquids, the gases are compressible. They spontaneously increase their volume, if they can. Reducing their volume requires an external force. Reducing gas volume leading to pressure increase is called gas compression. Increasing the gas volume leading to pressure reduction is called gas expansion.
c) Air is the gas atmosphere of the Earth and it is the most widespread gas in nature.
d) The air (when it contains no water vapour) is a mixture of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%) and other gases such as carbon dioxide and noble gases, which constitute only 1%. Water vapour occurs in humid air and can constitute up to several percent of the atmosphere composition near the Earth's surface.
m40a7a6190f99b421_1527752263647_0a) Gases take the shape of the vessel in which they are in and fill its entire volume. The gases are compressible as opposed to solids and liquids.
b) Unlike solids and liquids, the gases are compressible. They spontaneously increase their volume, if they can. Reducing their volume requires an external force. Reducing gas volume leading to pressure increase is called gas compression. Increasing the gas volume leading to pressure reduction is called gas expansion.
c) Air is the gas atmosphere of the Earth and it is the most widespread gas in nature.
d) The air (when it contains no water vapour) is a mixture of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%) and other gases such as carbon dioxide and noble gases, which constitute only 1%. Water vapour occurs in humid air and can constitute up to several percent of the atmosphere composition near the Earth's surface.

Procedurem40a7a6190f99b421_1528446435040_0Procedure

Experiment 1

Research problem:

Thermal conductionthermal conductionThermal conduction of air.

Research hypothesis:

The air is a bad thermal conductor.

What will be needed:

a) two identical glasses,
b) a jar with a capacity of about 1 litre with a wide opening (or metal can), such that a glass can be inserted inside,
c) fridge.

Instruction:

1. Pour water at room temperature into each glass to 34 of its volume.
2. Put one of the glasses into the jar and close the lid.
3. A jar with a glass and a second glass of water put in the fridge.
4. After 30 minutes, check the temperature of the water in both glasses with a thermometer.
m40a7a6190f99b421_1527752256679_01. Pour water at room temperature into each glass to 34 of its volume.
2. Put one of the glasses into the jar and close the lid.
3. A jar with a glass and a second glass of water put in the fridge.
4. After 30 minutes, check the temperature of the water in both glasses with a thermometer.

Observation:

Although the water in both glasses is in the same conditions, the water in the glass placed in the jar is warmer.

Conclusion:

The air and other gases are bad thermal conductors.

Experiment 2

Does the air conduct electric current?

Research problem:

The electrical conductionelectrical conductionelectrical conduction of the air.

Research hypothesis:

The air is a bad electrical conductor.

What will be needed:

a) 4,5 V batterybatterybattery,
b) 4,5 V light bulb,
c) electrical wires.

Instruction:

1. Build an electrical circuit according to the wiring diagram below.

[Illustration 1]

2. Alternately open and close the circuit.

Observation:

The bulb is on when the circuit is closed. Even if the cable is close to the bulb holder, but is not touching it, the electric current in the circuit is not flowing.

Conclusion:

The air layer separating the wire from the bulb holder is not a good conductor of electric current.
Both air and other gases do not conduct electric current under normal conditions.
Under certain conditions, gases may be electrical conductors. This happens, for example, during atmospheric discharges.

Task 2

Determine which sentence is true and which is false.

a) Gases are bad thermal conductors.
b) Gases are bad electrical conductors.
c) Gases never conduct electric current.
d) Gases can insulate well against „loss” of heat and be electrical insulators.

Answer:

a) True. b) True. c) False. d) True.

[Slideshow]

Make a note about the electrical conductivity of the air.

Lesson summarym40a7a6190f99b421_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Gases are bad thermal and electrical conductors.

Under certain conditions, gases may be electrical conductors. This happens, for example, during atmospheric discharges.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

atmospheric dischargeatmospheric dischargeatmospheric discharge

batterybatterybattery

earth atmosphereearth atmosphereearth atmosphere

electric current insulatorelectric current insulatorelectric current insulator

electric wireelectric wireelectric wire

electrical conductionelectrical conductionelectrical conduction

external forceexternal forceexternal force

heat insulatorheat insulatorheat insulator

room temperatureroom temperatureroom temperature

thermal conductionthermal conductionthermal conduction

m40a7a6190f99b421_1527752263647_0
m40a7a6190f99b421_1527752256679_0
m40a7a6190f99b421_1528449000663_0
m40a7a6190f99b421_1528449084556_0
m40a7a6190f99b421_1528449076687_0
m40a7a6190f99b421_1528449068082_0
m40a7a6190f99b421_1528449523725_0
m40a7a6190f99b421_1528449552113_0
m40a7a6190f99b421_1528450430307_0
m40a7a6190f99b421_1528449534267_0
m40a7a6190f99b421_1528449514617_0
m40a7a6190f99b421_1528450127855_0
m40a7a6190f99b421_1528446435040_0
m40a7a6190f99b421_1528450119332_0
electrical conduction1
electrical conduction

przewodnictwo prądu elektrycznego

RiBzZeQa0qcD81
wymowa w języku angielskim: electrical conduction
thermal conduction1
thermal conduction

przewodnictwo cieplne

R1eB3YVTdeOfP1
wymowa w języku angielskim: thermal conduction
battery1
battery

bateria

RMQ7HJZuDfF3K1
wymowa w języku angielskim: battery
atmospheric discharge1
atmospheric discharge

wyładowanie atmosferyczne

RLFjvTmeA9cBi1
wymowa w języku angielskim: atmospheric discharge
earth atmosphere1
earth atmosphere

atmosfera ziemska

R19w72Iag8NEm1
wymowa w języku angielskim: earth atmosphere
electric current insulator1
electric current insulator

izolator prądu elektrycznego

RTV6VihVYzX8v1
wymowa w języku angielskim: electric current insulator
electric wire1
electric wire

przewód elektryczny

Rlui6vVMvGZ0k1
wymowa w języku angielskim: electric wire
external force1
external force

siła zewnętrzna

R58wRAWhHtsOT1
wymowa w języku angielskim: external force
heat insulator1
heat insulator

izolator ciepła

R1EDXQoyilFgk1
wymowa w języku angielskim: heat insulator
room temperature1
room temperature

temperatura pokojowa

RvhDZzQUkN5Pz1
wymowa w języku angielskim: room temperature