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Oxoacids – how to obtain them and their structure

Sparkling water in glass
Source: Karim Ghantous, Unsplash, licencja: CC 0.

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know
  • how non‑oxoacids are obtained, what is their structure, properties and applications;

  • what are the indicators and what colour these turn into in water, acids and bases.

You will learn
  • to define the term of oxoacid;

  • to design methods for obtaining oxoacids;

  • to describe the structure of oxoacids.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

Obtaining oxoacids

Task 1

Why do you think sparkling mineral water has a slightly sour taste? Write down the answer.

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Sparkling water has a slightly sour taste (Uzupełnij).
Task 2

Before you watch the movie „Obtaining sulfurous acid”, write down the research question and hypothesis. During the screening, pay attention to what happens to the compounds used to perform the experiment, and then with the universal indicator. Write down the observations and conclusions.

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Analysis of the experiment: "Obtaining sulfurous acid". Research question (Uzupełnij). Hypothesis (Uzupełnij). Observations (Uzupełnij). Conclusions (Uzupełnij).
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Eksperyment otrzymywanie kwasu siarkowego cztery, Obtaining sulphurous acid. Do realizacji eksperymentu służą woda, oranż metylowy, siarka, metalowa łyżeczka, palnik. Siarka na metalowej łyżeczce podgrzewana jest i zapalana palnikiem, a następnie na łyżeczce wkładana do kolby z wodnym roztworem oranżu metylowego (pomarańczową substancją). Kolba zostaje zamknięta folią aluminiową. W wyniku spalania siarki wydziela się gaz, a substancja zawarta w kolbie staje się czerwona. Pojawia się w lewym górnym rogu napis ha dwa es o trzy.
Task 3

Based on the movie „Obtaining sulfurous acid”, design an experiment that result in formulation of phosphoric acid. Write down your suggestion.

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Experiment „Obtaining of phosphoric acid" (Uzupełnij).
Task 4

And now you will check whether your suggestion of experiment is similar to the instructions below and the pictures demonstration. Write down the research question and hypothesis. Pay attention to what happens to the compounds used to perform the experiment, and then with the universal indicator. Write down the observations and conclusions.

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Analysis of the experiment: "Obtaining phosphoric acid". Research question (Uzupełnij). Hypothesis (Uzupełnij). Observations (Uzupełnij). Conclusions (Uzupełnij).
Obtaining phosphoric acid – teacher demonstration.
Experiment 1
Research problem

Will water change its pH when the product of combustion of red phosphorus in oxygen is immersed in it?

Hypothesis

The product of the combustion of red phosphorus in oxygen when immersed in water will change its pH, because its reaction with water will form acid.

You will need
  • conical flask with previously collected oxygen,

  • lab spoon with cork,

  • beaker,

  • red phosphorus,

  • water,

  • universal indicator stripe,

  • glass rod.

Instruction
  1. Place a small amount of phosphorus on the lab spoon and burn it in the flame of the burner.

  2. Put the spoon with burning phosphorus into the oxygen filled conical flask.

  3. After some time, remove the spoon from the flask, then pour some water into it and shake it.

  4. Put the drops of the solution obtained in this way onto a wet, universal indicator stripe.

  5. Observe the changes.

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Preparation of phosphoric acid nylon
Summary

As a result of the reaction of combustion of phosphorus (phosphorus forms molecules consisting of four atoms) in oxygen we obtain phosphorus oxide, which has a form of white fumes.

P4 + 5O2P4O10

phosphorus + oxygen → tetraphosphorus decaoxide

This oxide reacts with water to form acid, as evidenced by the red colour of the universal indicator stripe.

P4O10+ 6H2O → 4H3PO4

tetraphosphorus decaoxide + water → phosphoric acid

OxoacidoxoacidOxoacid is obtained in the reaction of non‑metal oxide with water:

non-metal oxide + water → oxoacid

e.g.

SO3 + H2O → H2SO4

sulphur trioxide + water → sulphuric acid

Sulphuric acid is formed in the reaction of sulphur trioxide with oxygen in the presence of catalyst (a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction, without being subject to permanent changes in it):

2SO2 + O2 catalyst 2SO3

N2O5 + H2O → 2HNO3

dinitrogen pentoxide + water → nitric acid

Some non‑metal oxides do not react with water. Following elements are not subjected to such reaction, for example: N2O, NO, CO, SiO2.

Structure of oxoacids

Names of oxoacids are created by adding an adjectival form of the name of a non‑metal included in the acid residue (with -ic or -ous suffix),

If non‑metal, such as carbon, forms only one oxoacid, its valence is not included in the name. Therefore, the acid with the following formula H2CO3 is called “carbonic acid”.

General formula of acids is:

HnR

where:
R – acid residue (acid residue is composed of an atom or atoms of non‑metal and oxygen atoms),
n – number of hydrogen atoms in the acid molecule (valency of the acid residue).

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Oxoacids
Source: Krzysztof Jaworski, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Acidic oxide – (acid anhydride) is commonly non‑metal oxide, which forms acid in reaction with water.

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Exercise 1
Insert the appropriate formulas or numbers into the empty boxes to make the equations correct. Możliwe odpowiedzi: pe cztery o dziesięć, sześć, dwa ha en o trzy, es o trzy, ha dwa o, ce o dwa, ha dwa es o trzy. 1. Pierwsze równanie reakcji: Uzupełnij dodać Uzupełnij ha dwa o strzałka w prawo przed nawiasem cztery w nawiasie ha trzy pe o cztery 2. Drugie równanie reakcji: en dwa o pięć dodać ha dwa o strzałka w prawo Uzupełnij 3. Trzecie równanie reakcji: Uzupełnij dodać ha dwa o strzałka w prawo ha dwa ce o trzy 4. Czwarte równanie reakcji: es o dwa dodać ha dwa o strzałka w prawo Uzupełnij
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Exercise 2
Select correct answers. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. The reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide with water produces nitric acid., 2. Carbonic acid is formed from in the reaction of carbon dioxide with water., 3. Carbon valence is not noted in the carbonic acid name., 4. Hydrochloric acid is an oxoacid., 5. Oxoacid is formed by the reaction of each metal oxide with water.

Summary

  • Oxoacids are formed as a result of the reaction of some non‑metal oxides with water.

  • The valency of the acid residue is equal to the number of hydrogen atoms in the molecule of this acid.

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Grafika przedstawiająca tablicę szkolną, na której znajdują się zdania do dokończenia. Finish selected sentences. 1 It was easy for me (uzupełnij). 2 It was difficult for me (uzupełnij). 3 Today I learned (uzupełnij). 4 I understood that (uzupełnij). 5 It surprised me (uzupełnij). 6. Today I found out (uzupełnij). 7. I was interested in (uzupełnij). 8. I still have to repeat (uzupełnij).
Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Key words

oxoacids, valence of non‑metal in the molecule of acid, nitrous acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid, carbonic acid, general formula of acids

Glossary

acid
acid
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka.

kwas – związek chemiczny, którego cząsteczki są zbudowane z jednego atomu lub większej liczby atomów wodoru i reszty kwasowej

oxoacid
oxoacid
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka.

kwas tlenowy – związek chemiczny, którego cząsteczki zbudowane są z jednego atomu lub większej liczby atomów wodoru i reszty kwasowej zawierającej atom(y) tlenu