Topicmcf9ba6505101de1f_1528449000663_0Topic

Transmission of energy in the phenomenon of convection

Levelmcf9ba6505101de1f_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculummcf9ba6505101de1f_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

The student describes the movement of gases and liquids in the phenomenon of convection.

Timingmcf9ba6505101de1f_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesmcf9ba6505101de1f_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Presentation of the phenomenon of convection.

Key competencesmcf9ba6505101de1f_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Presenting of the phenomenon of convection.

2. Indentifying convection in everyday life situations.

Operational (detailed) goalsmcf9ba6505101de1f_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- presents the phenomenon of convection,

- explains the phenomenon of convection.

Methodsmcf9ba6505101de1f_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Flipped classroom.

2. Talking, brainstorming.

Forms of workmcf9ba6505101de1f_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual student work with the coursebook and the Internet.

2. Working in groups on solving problem tasks.

Lesson stages

Introductionmcf9ba6505101de1f_1528450127855_0Introduction

Homework revision:

1. You want to boil water in a pot using an electric heater. In which part of the pot should the heater be placed to boil all water as quickly as possible. Justify your answer.

2. Radiators in apartments are usually placed near the walls just above the floor. Explain the motivation for such solution. Would it be appropriate or not to put the radiators under the ceiling?

3. During cold winter, Janek lit up a fireplace in the middle of a large room. Write how the temperature in the heated room will change. Will the temperature be the same or not in the whole room? Justify your answer.

4. Name the phenomenon discussed in the answers to the above questions.

5. Explain what the phenomenon of convection in liquids or gases is.

6. Give examples of practical applications of convectionconvectionconvection in liquids and gases.

Proceduremcf9ba6505101de1f_1528446435040_0Procedure

In groups prepare the answers to the homework questions.

1. You want to boil water in a pot using an electric heater. In which part of the pot should be placed the heater to boil all water as soon as possible. Justify your answer.mcf9ba6505101de1f_1527752263647_01. You want to boil water in a pot using an electric heater. In which part of the pot should be placed the heater to boil all water as soon as possible. Justify your answer.

It is the best to put the heater at the very bottom of the pot. The heater radiates heat to water molecules in the immediate vicinity of the heater. These particles gain considerable kinetic energy and during the subsequent collisions with other molecules they transfer a significant part of their kinetic energy. As a result, the temperature of the water around the heater increases and the water density decreases. The consequence of this is the macroscopic movement of hot water upwards and moving water with a lower temperature down into the vicinity of the heater. As a result, water warms up evenly. Placing the heater near its free surface may cause the water to boil at the top of the vessel and only a slight increase in the temperature of the water at the bottom of the vessel.

Teacher's comment.

For the same reasons, the heater in the electric kettle is always placed at the bottom. This forces the circulation of heated water.

[Illustration 1]

Water heating in the kettle. Heat generated in the heater when electric current flows through the water at the bottom of the kettle. The heated water moves upwards and cold water falls to the bottom of the kettle.

2. Radiators in apartments are usually placed near the walls just above the floor. Explain the motivation for such solution. Would it be appropriate or not to put the radiators under the ceiling?mcf9ba6505101de1f_1527752256679_02. Radiators in apartments are usually placed near the walls just above the floor. Explain the motivation for such solution. Would it be appropriate or not to put the radiators under the ceiling?

Radiators transmit the heat to the air molecules next to them. Due to the increase in the kinetic energy of these molecules, the temperature of the air around the radiator also increases. Thus, the density of heated air is reduced. As a result, the air rises upward and the colder air falls down. It results in even warming of large air masses.

Placing the radiator under the ceiling considerably hampers the natural circulation of heat. Then the hot air would rise even more, and the cold air would be left by the floor. As a result, the temperature would be very high just at the ceiling, and very low next to the floor.

Teacher's comment.

[Illustration 2]

Room heating by a radiator and natural movement of warm and cold air. Placing a radiator under the ceiling would disturb the heat transferheat transferheat transfer throughout the room.

3. During cold winter, Janek lit upa fireplace in the middle of a large room. Write how the temperature in the heated room will change. Will the temperature be the same or not in the whole room? Justify your answer.

The heat will be transferred first to the air molecules in the direct vicinity of the fireplace. Then, as a result of collisions between air molecules, the heat is transferred to the particles found in the entire room volume. But it takes time. It can happen that in one part of the room the temperature will be, for example, 20°C and in another one much less, e.g. 10°C.

Teacher's comment.

The following figure illustrates the discussed issues.

Click on the tag and you will get information.

[Ilustration interractive]

Heating the room with the fireplace takes a long time and causes uneven distribution of air temperature.

4. Name the phenomenon discussed in the answers to the above questions.

The phenomenon of convection is presented in the above examples.

Teacher's comment.

Sometimes convectionconvectionconvection also means the mere movement of matter associated with temperature differences that leads to heat transfer. This movement is more precisely called the convection currentconvection currentconvection current.

5. Explain what the phenomenon of convection in liquids or gases is.

Definition:

ConvectionconvectionConvection - the process of heat transferheat transferheat transfer as a result of macroscopic movements of matter in gases and liquids.

Teacher's comment.

We observe the phenomenon of convection wherever there is a temperature difference between different places in the entire volumeentire volumeentire volume. At higher temperatures, molecules move faster, so the distances between them increase, and the volume increases and density decreases. The area of gas or liquid with a higher temperature and lower densitydensitydensity according to Archimedes's law begins to rise. During the movement it gives energy to contacting colder areas.

Definition:

If this motion of gas or liquid areas is caused by a difference in density, then convectionconvectionconvection is called free.

Sometimes it is possible to define forced convection, when the movement of air or liquid is caused by the effects of external forces, e.g. a fan. However, this time we will not discuss this phenomenon.

6. Give examples of practical applications of convection in liquids and gases.

Convection of water in the central heating installation.

[Illustration 3]

Water heating in a central heating installation using a boiler.

The phenomenon of sea and land breeze on the coastline of the sea.

[Illustration 4]

The phenomenon of sea and land breezes. The direction of air movement depends on the time of day.

The purposeful location of the radiator under the window of the room.

[Illustration 5]

The purposeful location of the radiator under the window. It allows even distributioneven distributioneven distribution of the already warmed air.

Lesson summarymcf9ba6505101de1f_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Convection is the phenomenon of transferring heat by moving heated layers or areas of gases or liquids.

Free convection - movement of gas or liquid caused by differences in the densitydensitydensity of areas of different temperature.

We often meet the phenomenon of convection every day. The air with a higher temperature near the warm radiator rises to the top, where it cools and then drops.

We observe the phenomenon of convectionconvectionconvection wherever there is a temperature difference between different places in the entire volumeentire volumeentire volume. At higher temperatures, molecules move faster, so the distances between them increase, and the volume increases and density decreases. The area of gas or liquid with a higher temperature and lower densitydensitydensity according to Archimedes's law begins to rise. During the movement it gives energy to contacting colder areas.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

air conditionerair conditionerair conditioner

collisions between moleculescollisions between moleculescollisions between molecules

convectionconvectionconvection

convection currentconvection currentconvection current

densitydensitydensity

entire volumeentire volumeentire volume

even distributioneven distributioneven distribution

free convectionfree convectionfree convection

heat transferheat transferheat transfer

temperature distributiontemperature distributiontemperature distribution

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air conditioner1
air conditioner

klimatyzator

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wymowa w języku angielskim: air conditioner
collisions between molecules1
collisions between molecules

zderzenia między cząsteczkami

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wymowa w języku angielskim: collisions between molecules
convection1
convection

konwekcja

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wymowa w języku angielskim: convection
convection current1
convection current

prąd konwekcyjny

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wymowa w języku angielskim: convection current
density1
density

gęstość

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wymowa w języku angielskim: density
entire volume1
entire volume

cała objętość

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wymowa w języku angielskim: entire volume
even distribution1
even distribution

równomierny rozkład

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wymowa w języku angielskim: even distribution
free convection1
free convection

konwekcja swobodna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: free convection
heat transfer1
heat transfer

wymiana ciepła

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wymowa w języku angielskim: heat transfer
temperature distribution1
temperature distribution

rozkład temperatur

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wymowa w języku angielskim: temperature distribution