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Simple machines part 1

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Maszyny proste

You will learn
  • English vocabulary regarding the balance of bilateral and unilateral leverage.

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nagranie abstraktu

Simple machines are devices which make work easier. They do not reduce work but enable the user to do it with less forceless forceless force.

Examples of simple machines:

  • one‑sided leverone‑sided leverone‑sided lever

  • double‑sided leverdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided lever

  • stationary block

  • windlass

  • movable block

  • inclined plane

  • screw or snail

  • pulley

  • gear

  • crank mechanism

  • a hydraulic press

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nagranie abstraktu

Open and watch the slideshow: „How to move a great stone?”.

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Pokaz multimedialny - jak przesunąć wielki kamień? Instrukcja obsługi z poziomu klawiatury: 1. Uruchomienie aplikacji - ENTER, 2. Na każdym ze slajdów czytany jest automatycznie tekst alternatywny po polsku, 3. Przy pierwszym uruchomieniu na pierwszym slajdzie, czytanie tekstu po angielsku - TAB, 4. Przejście między slajdami: do następnego slajdu - TAB, do poprzedniego slajdu - TAB + SHIFT, 5. Przejście do czytania napisu po angielsku - strzałka w górę + strzałka w dół (czyta tekst po angielsku widoczny na slajdzie).
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

The steel rod presented in the slideshow, arranged in this particular way, acts as a double‑sided leverdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided lever.

Double‑sided lever
Definition: Double‑sided lever
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nagranie abstraktu

double‑sided leverdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided lever is a rigid rod supported at one point to which forces are applied on both sides of the fulcrum.

Experiment 1
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Perform a series of tests with a double‑sided leverdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided lever.

  1. Hang the same weights at different distances from the axis of rotation. When is the lever in balance?

  2. Hang different weights at different distances from the axis of rotation. When is the lever in balance?

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nagranie abstraktu

The balance conditions for a double‑sided lever.

double‑sided leverdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided lever is in balance, if the product of force and force arm have the same value on both sides of the lever fulcrum.

F1·r1=F2·r2

FIndeks dolny 1 and FIndeks dolny 2 - the forces applied to the lever (perpendicular to it),

rIndeks dolny 1 and rIndeks dolny 2 - length of the arms of the applied forces.

One‑sided lever
Definition: One‑sided lever
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nagranie abstraktu

one‑sided leverone‑sided leverone‑sided lever is a rigid rod supported at one point to which forces are applied on one side of the fulcrum.

Experiment 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Perform a series of tests with a one‑sided lever.

  1. Attach the dynamometer to one point of a one‑sided leverone‑sided leverone‑sided lever. Hang the same weights at different distances from the axis of rotation. What does the dynamometer indicate? When is the lever in balance?

  2. Attach the dynamometer to one point of a one‑sided leverone‑sided leverone‑sided lever. Hang different weights at different distances from the axis of rotation. What does the dynamometer indicate? When is the lever in balance?

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nagranie abstraktu

one‑sided leverone‑sided leverone‑sided lever remains in balance, if the product of force and force arm has the same value on one side of the fulcrum of the lever.

F1·r1=F2·r2

FIndeks dolny 1 and FIndeks dolny 2 - the forces applied to the lever (perpendicular to it),

rIndeks dolny 1 and rIndeks dolny 2 - length of the arms of the applied forces.

Exercise 1
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A child with the weight of 20 kg sat down on one end of the swing, which is a two‑sided lever, whose length is 3 m, with its fulcrum in the middle. How far from the other end should a child weighing 30 kg sit, to make the swing remain in balance?

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

A wrench with a long lever is used to twist a large screw. The arm of the resistance force is smaller than the arm of the man's force applied to the wrench. To twist the screw, the man used the force of 20 N. Calculate the resistance force the screw worked with?

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Give three examples of using one‑sided and double‑sided leversdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided levers in everyday life.

Exercises

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Exercise 2
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Using a double-sided lever Peter lifted a weight of 1000 N to the height 0,1 m. While acting on the lever he used the force of 200 N. Choose which sentence is true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Peter moved the lever arm at the point where he applied force by 50 cm., 2. Peter did the work of 200 J., 3. The work of 100 J should be done without using a double-sided lever., 4. Compare the forces in two situations: with the use of a double-sided lever and without using. The force used by Peter was 5 times lesser in the first situation.
Exercise 3
  1. Describe four everyday devices in which a double‑sided or one‑sided lever is used.

  2. Is it possible to do less work using these devices than without them?

Exercise 4

Peter's father bought 200 kg of potatoes for winter. A rather dishonest supplier threw out four bags just outside the door of the house. Peter decided to help his dad and lifted the potatoes to the level of the balcony located 1 m above the ground. Suggest how this could be done using a single‑sided or a double‑sided lever! Write the instruction for Peter.

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Exercise 5
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. dźwignia dwustronna - double-sided lever, 2. jednostronna - one sided, 3. dwustronna - double-sided, 4. ramię siły - arm of force, 5. równość pracy - simple machines, 6. maszyny proste - equality of work
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

arm of force
arm of force

ramię siły

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wymowa w języku angielskim: arm of force
balance condition
balance condition

warunek równowagi

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wymowa w języku angielskim: balance condition
double‑sided
double‑sided

dwustronna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: double‑sided
double‑sided lever
double‑sided lever

dźwignia dwustronna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: double‑sided lever
equality of work
equality of work

równość pracy

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wymowa w języku angielskim: equality of work
greater force
greater force

większa siła

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wymowa w języku angielskim: greater force
less force
less force

mniejsza siła

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wymowa w języku angielskim: less force
one‑sided
one‑sided

jednostronna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: one‑sided
one‑sided lever
one‑sided lever

dźwignia jednostronna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: one‑sided lever
simple machines
simple machines

maszyny proste

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wymowa w języku angielskim: simple machines

Keywords

arm of forcearm of forcearm of force

balance conditionbalance conditionbalance condition

double‑sided leverdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided lever - to sztywny pręt podparty w jednym punkcie, do którego siły są przyłożone po obu stronach punktu podparcia

one‑sided leverone‑sided leverone‑sided lever - to sztywny pręt podparty w jednym punkcie, do którego siły są przyłożone po jednej stronie punktu podparcia

simple machinessimple machinessimple machines