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You will learn

that history is a science that organizes the past primarily on the basis of the place of events on the timeline;
to understand the historian’s research attitude;
to explain the concept of a century and era, correctly read century and era of a specific event from a day/year date;
to describe the significance of historical maps as a source of historical knowledge, to reads information from maps and interpret it in a simple manner;
to adopt a critical approach to the historians’ research methods, i.e. understand that historical knowledge is partly based on interpretation.

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Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie abstraktu

ChronologychronologicalChronology (sequence of events corresponding to their order of occurrence in time) is the basic point of reference for historianshistorianhistorians. One of the first questions a historianhistorianhistorian asks himself or herself is “When did this happen?” The basic time unit is the year. A period of a hundred years is called a centurycenturycentury. Today, we are living in the 21Indeks górny stcentury. Our century began on 1 January 2001 and will end on 31 December 2100. In our calendar, we count years from the birth of Jesus Christ. When referring to an event which took place before the birth of Jesus Christ, we say “before Christ” or “BCbefore Christ (BC)BC” for short. Events which happened after the birth of Jesus Christ are labelled “anno Domini” or “AD” for short. “Anno Domini” is a Latin phrase and means “in the year of our Lord.” We use timelinestimelinetimelines to present events in their chronological order.

A map is another important element of a historianhistorianhistorian’s toolkit. Maps help us understand where past events took place. A historical map is not just a representation of a territory. It also shows e.g. sites of major battles, directions of military movements and shifts of borders. All items represented on a map are divided into categories which have their own symbols. All the symbols used in a map are called map symbolization. These symbols are explained in a map key or a map legendmap legendmap legend.

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Exercise 1

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Exercise 2

Assign the appropriate period of time to the century. years 1-100 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 6th century, 2. 16th century, 3. 8th century, 4. 14th century, 5. 2nd century, 6. 10th century, 7. 18th century, 8. 3rd century, 9. 1st century, 10. 17th century, 11. 20th century, 12. 21th century years 1701-1800 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 6th century, 2. 16th century, 3. 8th century, 4. 14th century, 5. 2nd century, 6. 10th century, 7. 18th century, 8. 3rd century, 9. 1st century, 10. 17th century, 11. 20th century, 12. 21th century years 901-1000 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 6th century, 2. 16th century, 3. 8th century, 4. 14th century, 5. 2nd century, 6. 10th century, 7. 18th century, 8. 3rd century, 9. 1st century, 10. 17th century, 11. 20th century, 12. 21th century years 1601-1700 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 6th century, 2. 16th century, 3. 8th century, 4. 14th century, 5. 2nd century, 6. 10th century, 7. 18th century, 8. 3rd century, 9. 1st century, 10. 17th century, 11. 20th century, 12. 21th century years 1301-1400 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 6th century, 2. 16th century, 3. 8th century, 4. 14th century, 5. 2nd century, 6. 10th century, 7. 18th century, 8. 3rd century, 9. 1st century, 10. 17th century, 11. 20th century, 12. 21th century years 2001-2100 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 6th century, 2. 16th century, 3. 8th century, 4. 14th century, 5. 2nd century, 6. 10th century, 7. 18th century, 8. 3rd century, 9. 1st century, 10. 17th century, 11. 20th century, 12. 21th century years 1501-1600 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 6th century, 2. 16th century, 3. 8th century, 4. 14th century, 5. 2nd century, 6. 10th century, 7. 18th century, 8. 3rd century, 9. 1st century, 10. 17th century, 11. 20th century, 12. 21th century years 501-600 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 6th century, 2. 16th century, 3. 8th century, 4. 14th century, 5. 2nd century, 6. 10th century, 7. 18th century, 8. 3rd century, 9. 1st century, 10. 17th century, 11. 20th century, 12. 21th century years 1901-2000 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 6th century, 2. 16th century, 3. 8th century, 4. 14th century, 5. 2nd century, 6. 10th century, 7. 18th century, 8. 3rd century, 9. 1st century, 10. 17th century, 11. 20th century, 12. 21th century years 201-300 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 6th century, 2. 16th century, 3. 8th century, 4. 14th century, 5. 2nd century, 6. 10th century, 7. 18th century, 8. 3rd century, 9. 1st century, 10. 17th century, 11. 20th century, 12. 21th century years 701-800 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 6th century, 2. 16th century, 3. 8th century, 4. 14th century, 5. 2nd century, 6. 10th century, 7. 18th century, 8. 3rd century, 9. 1st century, 10. 17th century, 11. 20th century, 12. 21th century years 101-200 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 6th century, 2. 16th century, 3. 8th century, 4. 14th century, 5. 2nd century, 6. 10th century, 7. 18th century, 8. 3rd century, 9. 1st century, 10. 17th century, 11. 20th century, 12. 21th century

Assign the appropriate period of time to the century.

10th century, 20th century, 21th century, 8th century, 18th century, 2nd century, 1st century, 6th century, 14th century, 3rd century, 16th century, 17th century

years 1-100
years 1701-1800
years 901-1000
years 1601-1700
years 1301-1400
years 2001-2100
years 1501-1600
years 501-600
years 1901-2000
years 201-300
years 701-800
years 101-200

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Exercise 3

Which century is it?

12th century BC, 2nd century BC, 8th century BC, 1st century BC

year 25th BC
year 1128 BC
year 113 BC
year 725 BC

Task 1

Read the text below and explain what chronology is.

In history, it is important to know what happened first and what happened later. This sequence of events or phenomena is called chronology. For example, if you are asked to arrange some events chronologically, it means that you should do this starting from the oldest to the newest.

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Exercise 4

Task 2

Wybierz dowolne angielskie słówko ze słowniczka i zapytaj kolegę o jego znaczenie.

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Grafika przedstawiająca mapę terytorium Rzeczpospolitej w pierwszej połowie XVIII wieku i potop Szwedzki. — Rzeczpospolita in the first half of the 17th century and the Swedish Deluge
Source: Contentplus.pl sp. z o.o., Krystian Chariza i zespół.

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Exercise 5

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Exercise 6

From the map above we can read that...

Częstochowa was besieged by the Swedes.
the Republic of Poland was waging war with Turkey in the first half of the 17th century.
Estonia laid within the borders of the Republic of Poland in the first half of the 17th century.
a naval battle took place near the village of Oliwa.
peace was made in Minsk.

Task 3

Look at the contemporary political map of Poland and its neighbors. Read information on neighboring countries. Look for information about the capital cities of Slovakia and Russia in available sources.

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Source: Krystian Chariza i zespół.