Topicm58ca8cddc2e39828_1528449000663_0Topic

Refraction of lightrefraction of lightRefraction of light

Levelm58ca8cddc2e39828_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm58ca8cddc2e39828_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

IX. Optics. The student:

6) described qualitatively the phenomenon of light refraction at the border of two media which differs in the speed of light propagation; indicates the direction of refraction.

Timingm58ca8cddc2e39828_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm58ca8cddc2e39828_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Describe the phenomena associated with light propagation.

Key competencesm58ca8cddc2e39828_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Recognize the phenomenon of light refraction.

2. Explain the phenomenon of light refraction.

Operational (detailed) goalsm58ca8cddc2e39828_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- describe qualitatively and quantitatively the phenomenon of light refraction,

- determine the causes and effects of the phenomenon of light refraction.

Methodsm58ca8cddc2e39828_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Discussion.

2. Experiment.

Forms of workm58ca8cddc2e39828_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Group work.

2. Work with the whole class.

Lesson stages

Introductionm58ca8cddc2e39828_1528450127855_0Introduction

Revision:

- How does light move?

- Formulate the law of light reflection.

Procedurem58ca8cddc2e39828_1528446435040_0Procedure

Task
Remind yourself what the image of your legs looks like when you stand half immersed in the water. Make a note of the features of this image. Compare your observations with the observations of other students.

Task
Perform the observation according to the instructions below.

Experiment

Research problem:
Reappearing coin.

Hypothesis: 
The coin will appear in a different place.

Materials: 
- an opaque cup, 
- a coin, 
- a bottle of water.

Instructions:
1. Place a coin in an opaque cup.
2. Move your head down, so that you just cannot see the coin (because it disappears behind the rim of the cup).
3. Hold your eyes steady at the same spot.
4. Pour water into the cup until it is almost full.

Observations: 
Make a note of what you have observed.

Task
Answer the following questions:
1. What caused the coin to disappear before the water was poured into the cup?
2. What caused the coin to reappear?
3. Did you have to move the position of your eyes to see the coin again?
4. What can you say about the path of the light rays coming from the coin?

Solution:
The coin was no longer visible, because the eyes of the observer were in such position that the light rays reflected off the coin came across the edge of the cup instead of his eyes. After adding water to the cup, the light rays reflected off the coin refracted away from the normalnormalnormal, while crossing the boundary between water and air. The normalnormalnormal here means a line perpendicular at the point of incidence to the surface delimiting two media through which the light rays pass.

[Illustraion 1]

Refraction of lightrefraction of lightRefraction of light.

Definition
Refraction is the change in direction of the path of a light ray as it passes across the boundary separating two media which differs in the speed of light propagation. m58ca8cddc2e39828_1527752263647_0Refraction is the change in direction of the path of a light ray as it passes across the boundary separating two media which differs in the speed of light propagation. 

Refraction is caused by the change in speed of light propagation when it changes mediummediummedium. If the speed of light propagation in the first medium vIndeks dolny 1 is greater than the speed in the second mediummediummedium vIndeks dolny 2, then the angle of incidenceangle of incidenceangle of incidence α is greater than the angle of refractionangle of refractionangle of refraction β.

In optics we use the concept of the optical density of the medium, which has nothing to do with the density of matter expressed in kgm3. More optically dense is the one of two media where the light travels slower.

Definition
The normalnormalnormal is a line perpendicular to the boundary surface at the point of incidence.

Definition
The angle of incidence is an angle between a normal and an incident ray.m58ca8cddc2e39828_1527752256679_0The angle of incidence is an angle between a normal and an incident ray.

Definition
The angle of refraction is an angle between a normal and a refracted ray.m58ca8cddc2e39828_1527712094602_0The angle of refraction is an angle between a normal and a refracted ray.

An incident rayincident rayincident ray, a refracted rayrefracted rayrefracted ray and a normalnormalnormal are coplanar.

[Illustration internative]

Task
In the pictures below, a light ray is passing through two media marked with numbers 1 and 2. Determine which mediummediummedium is optically denser. In which of them will the speed of light be greater?

[Illustration 2]

Answer:
a) medium 2 is optically denser; the speed of light is greater in medium 1: vIndeks dolny 1 > vIndeks dolny 2,
b) medium 1 is optically denser; the speed of light is greater in mediummediummedium 2: vIndeks dolny 2 > vIndeks dolny 1.

When the light beam falls perpendicular to the border of two media, i.e. the angle of incidenceangle of incidenceangle of incidence is 0°, the angle of refractionangle of refractionangle of refraction is also 0°. Hence the direction of the light beam does not change. The speed of light propagation is in both media different.

[Illustration 3]

The refraction phenomenon is always accompanied by the phenomenon of light reflection. The reflection surface is the boundary of two media.

Lesson summarym58ca8cddc2e39828_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Refraction is the change in direction of the path of a light ray as it passes across the boundary separating two media which differs in the speed of light propagation. 

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

angle of incidenceangle of incidenceangle of incidence

angle of refractionangle of refractionangle of refraction

incident rayincident rayincident ray

lenslenslens

mediummediummedium

normalnormalnormal

optical densityoptical densityoptical density

refracted rayrefracted rayrefracted ray

refraction of lightrefraction of lightrefraction of light

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refraction of light1
refraction of light

załamanie światła

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normal1
normal

normalna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: normal
medium1
medium

ośrodek

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wymowa w języku angielskim: medium
angle of incidence1
angle of incidence

kąt padania

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wymowa w języku angielskim: perihelion
angle of refraction1
angle of refraction

kąt załamania

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wymowa w języku angielskim: angle of refraction
incident ray1
incident ray

promień padający

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wymowa w języku angielskim: mean distance
refracted ray1
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promień załamany

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lens1
lens

soczewka

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optical density1
optical density

gęstość optyczna

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