Topicmf408712f6af3a8d9_1528449000663_0Topic

Charging bodies by contact

Levelmf408712f6af3a8d9_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculummf408712f6af3a8d9_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

VI. Electricity. The student:

1) describes methods of chargingchargingcharging bodies by friction and contactcontactcontact; indicates that these phenomena rely on the movement of electrons.

Timingmf408712f6af3a8d9_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesmf408712f6af3a8d9_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Familiarizing students with charging bodies by contact.

Key competencesmf408712f6af3a8d9_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Familiarizing students with the structure of a conductor and insulator.

2. Presenting the nature of the phenomenon of charging bodies by contact.

3. Explaining differences in charging conductors and insulators by contact.

Operational (detailed) goalsmf408712f6af3a8d9_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- can explain chargingchargingcharging by contactcontactcontact,

- explains that charging bodies is based on the movement of electrons from one body to another.

Methodsmf408712f6af3a8d9_1528449534267_0Methods

1. A talk presenting new information.

2. Conversational lecture.

Forms of workmf408712f6af3a8d9_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Cooperation of students with the teacher while acquiring new knowledge.

2. Individual and group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionmf408712f6af3a8d9_1528450127855_0Introduction

Answer the introductory questions for the lesson:

1. Present in brief the structure of the atom.

2. What are electrons and where are they located?

3. Does each atom have the same number of electrons?

Proceduremf408712f6af3a8d9_1528446435040_0Procedure

Each body is made up of many atoms in which the number of protons and electrons is the same. Additional electrons can be led to such a body, and then such a body is endowed with a negative electric charge. If we take electrons from the valence shells from the atom, we say that the body is endowed with a positive electric charge. It must be remembered that protons can not be detached or delivered to the atom. Only a change in the number of electrons can lead to electrified body.

What is a conductor?
The conductor is a body in which electrons orbiting the atomic nucleus are weakly bound to the atomic nucleus. The electrons in the outermost orbits can practically move freely in the entire body volume.

[Illustration 1]

What is an insulator?
An insulator is called every body in which electrons orbiting the atomic nucleus are very strongly related to this nucleus and therefore can not move inside the body. In certain situations they can move slightly inside the atom.mf408712f6af3a8d9_1527752256679_0An insulator is called every body in which electrons orbiting the atomic nucleus are very strongly related to this nucleus and therefore can not move inside the body. In certain situations they can move slightly inside the atom.

[Illutration 2]

[Interactive graphics 1]

ChargingchargingCharging is the process of accumulation of an excess of charge of the same sign in a given body.

Charging by contactcontactcontact occurs when we touch at least two bodies with each other, of which at least one is charged. When the bodies come into contact, electrons flow from one body to another.

[Illustration 3]

Stages of chargingchargingcharging by contact:

- Positively electrified glass rod (shortage of electrons) approaches the neutral metal ball, located on the top of the electroscope (a sphere in which there is no excess or underflow of electrons).
- After contact between two bodies, some of the electrons from the sphere will flow to the glass rod. The glass rod will still be positively charged, but this charge will be smaller. In contrast, the metal part of the electroscope will obtain a positive charge. (Due to the construction of insulators, the change of charge on the glass rod is local). To change the electrification state of a larger part of the glass rod, it should be moved over the sphere of the electroscope).
- Leaves of the electroscope will rise (repulsion of like charges).

Characteristics of chargingchargingcharging by contact:

- Electrifying the bodies by touch occurs when we touch bodies with each other, at least one of which is endowed with an electric charge.
- As a result of contact, some of the electrons pass from the body on which there are more of them to the second, where there are fewer of them.
- The distribution of charge between the body is such that the sum of charges after contact of the bodies is equal to the charge of the charged body before contact with the electrically inert body.  
- On both bodies, after contact. It will be the same load if they are identical (e.g. two identical conductor balls).
- It is static electricity.

Only conductors can be charged by contactcontactcontact.

[Interactive graphics 2]

During chargingchargingcharging, the total chargetotal chargetotal charge is always conserved. Below are examples of charge values of two identical bodies before and after charging by contactcontactcontact.

[Table 1]

Lesson summarymf408712f6af3a8d9_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Charging by contact occurs when we touch at least two bodies with each other, of which at least one is charged. When the bodies come into contact, electrons flow from one body to another.
Electrons move from one body to the other, thus causing charging the second body and the reduction of charge in the first body. According to the law of electric charge conservation, the total charge before contact must be equal to the total charge after contact.
mf408712f6af3a8d9_1527752263647_0Charging by contact occurs when we touch at least two bodies with each other, of which at least one is charged. When the bodies come into contact, electrons flow from one body to another.
Electrons move from one body to the other, thus causing charging the second body and the reduction of charge in the first body. According to the law of electric charge conservation, the total charge before contact must be equal to the total charge after contact.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

electric chargeelectric chargeelectric charge

chargingchargingcharging

contactcontactcontact

total chargetotal chargetotal charge

charge flowcharge flowcharge flow

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charging 1
charging

elektryzowanie

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contact1
contact

dotyk

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total charge1
total charge

ładunek sumaryczny

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electric charge 1
electric charge

ładunek elektryczny

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charge flow1
charge flow

przepływ ładunku

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wymowa w języku angielskim: charge flow