Topicm3d94d6fc60aa9740_1528449000663_0Topic

Simple machinessimple machinesSimple machines part 1

Levelm3d94d6fc60aa9740_1528449084556_0Level

Third, extended level

Core curriculumm3d94d6fc60aa9740_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

II. Mechanics. The student:

23) describes the movement of bodies on an inclined plane.

Timingm3d94d6fc60aa9740_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm3d94d6fc60aa9740_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Presentation of the construction of simple machinessimple machinessimple machines.

Key competencesm3d94d6fc60aa9740_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Presentation of the principles of functioning of simple machinessimple machinessimple machines.

2. Developing problem‑solving skills by analogy.

3. Developing group work skills.

Operational (detailed) goalsm3d94d6fc60aa9740_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- presents the principle of functioning of double‑sideddouble‑sideddouble‑sided and one‑sided levers,

- gives examples of the usage of double‑sided and one‑sided leversone‑sided leverone‑sided levers.

Methodsm3d94d6fc60aa9740_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Learning through observation.

2. Learning through the application the acquired formulas and analogies.

Forms of workm3d94d6fc60aa9740_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionm3d94d6fc60aa9740_1528450127855_0Introduction

How do we define work in physics?

What features does force have as a vector?

What can we call a simple machine?

Conclusion:
There are devices that help people to do their work, although they do not reduce it.

Procedurem3d94d6fc60aa9740_1528446435040_0Procedure

Simple machinessimple machinesSimple machines are devices which make work easier. They do not reduce work but enable the user to do it with less forceless forceless force.

Examples of simple machines:
- one‑sided leverone‑sided leverone‑sided lever,
- double‑sided leverdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided lever,
- stationary block,
- windlass,
- movable block,
- inclined plane,
- screw or snail,
- pulley,
- gear,
- crank mechanism,
- a hydraulic press.

Task
Open and watch the slideshow: „How to move a great stone?”.

[Slideshow 1]

The steel rod presented in the slideshow, arranged in this particular way, acts as a double‑sided leverdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided lever.

Definition
A double‑sided lever is a rigid rod supported at one point to which forces are applied on both sides of the fulcrum.m3d94d6fc60aa9740_1527752263647_0A double‑sided lever is a rigid rod supported at one point to which forces are applied on both sides of the fulcrum.

Experiment 1
Perform a series of tests with a double‑sided leverdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided lever.

1) Hang the same weights at different distances from the axis of rotation. When is the lever in balance?

2) Hang different weights at different distances from the axis of rotation. When is the lever in balance?

The balance conditions for a double‑sided leverdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided lever. A double‑sided lever is in balance, if the product of force and force arm have the same value on both sides of the lever fulcrum:

F1·r1=F2·r2

where:
FIndeks dolny 1 i FIndeks dolny 2 – the forces applied to the lever (perpendicular to it),
rIndeks dolny 1 i rIndeks dolny 2 – length of the arms of the applied forces.

Definition
A one‑sided lever is a rigid rod supported at one point to which forces are applied on one side of the fulcrum.m3d94d6fc60aa9740_1527752256679_0A one‑sided lever is a rigid rod supported at one point to which forces are applied on one side of the fulcrum.

Experiment 2
Perform a series of tests with a one‑sided lever.

1) Attach the dynamometer to one point of a one‑sided leverone‑sided leverone‑sided lever. Hang the same weights at different distances from the axis of rotation. What does the dynamometer indicate? When is the lever in balance?

2) Attach the dynamometer to one point of a one‑sided lever. Hang different weights at different distances from the axis of rotation. What does the dynamometer indicate? When is the lever in balance?

one‑sided leverone‑sided leverone‑sided lever remains in balance, if the product of force and force arm has the same value on one side of the fulcrum of the lever:

F1·r1=F2·r2

where:
FIndeks dolny 1 i FIndeks dolny 2 – the forces applied to the lever (perpendicular to it),
rIndeks dolny 1 i rIndeks dolny 2 - length of the arms of the applied forces.

Task
A child with the weight of 20 kg sat down on one end of the swing, which is a two‑sided lever, whose length is 3 m, with its fulcrum in the middle. How far from the other end should a child weighing 30 kg sit, to make the swing remain in balance?

Answer:
1 m.

Task
A wrench with a long lever is used to twist a large screw. The arm of the resistance force is smaller than the arm of the man's force applied to the wrench. To twist the screw, the man used the force of 20 N. Calculate the resistance force the screw worked with?

Task
Give three examples of using one‑sided and double‑sided levers in everyday life.

Lesson summarym3d94d6fc60aa9740_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Simple machines are the simplest devices which allow the user to use differently directed force or smaller force in order to balance force or to do work more easily.

The balance condition for both one‑sided and double‑sided lever is exactly the same:

F1·r1=F2·r2

where:
FIndeks dolny 1 i FIndeks dolny 2 – the forces applied to the lever (perpendicular to it),
rIndeks dolny 1 i rIndeks dolny 2 - length of the arms of the applied forces.

Using the lever does not change the amount of work which needs to be done.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

arm of forcearm of forcearm of force

balance conditionbalance conditionbalance condition

double‑sideddouble‑sideddouble‑sided

double‑sided leverdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided lever

equality of workequality of workequality of work

greater forcegreater forcegreater force

less forceless forceless force

one‑sidedone‑sidedone‑sided

one‑sided leverone‑sided leverone‑sided lever

simple machinessimple machinessimple machines

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simple machines1
simple machines

maszyny proste

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double‑sided1
double‑sided

dwustronna

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one‑sided lever1
one‑sided lever

dźwignia jednostronna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: one‑sided lever
less force1
less force

mniejsza siła

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wymowa w języku angielskim: less force
double‑sided lever1
double‑sided lever

dźwignia dwustronna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: double‑sided lever
arm of force1
arm of force

ramię siły

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wymowa w języku angielskim: arm of force
balance condition1
balance condition

warunek równowagi

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wymowa w języku angielskim: balance condition
equality of work1
equality of work

równość pracy

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wymowa w języku angielskim: equality of work
greater force1
greater force

większa siła

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wymowa w języku angielskim: greater force
one‑sided1
one‑sided

jednostronna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: one‑sided