Topicm6040fcf98001aee1_1528449000663_0Topic

Charging bodies by friction

Levelm6040fcf98001aee1_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm6040fcf98001aee1_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

VI. Electricity. The student:

1) describes methods of charging bodiescharging bodiescharging bodies by friction and contact; indicates that these phenomena rely on the movement of electrons.

Timingm6040fcf98001aee1_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm6040fcf98001aee1_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Familiarizing students with charging bodiescharging bodiescharging bodies by friction.

Key competencesm6040fcf98001aee1_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Familiarizing students with the structure of a conductor and insulator.

2. Presenting the nature of the phenomenon of charging bodies by friction.

3. Explaining differences in charging conductors and insulators by friction.

Operational (detailed) goalsm6040fcf98001aee1_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- can explain the charging by friction,

- explains that the charging bodies is based on the movement of electrons from one body to another.

Methodsm6040fcf98001aee1_1528449534267_0Methods

1. A talk presenting new information.

2. Conversational lecture.

Forms of workm6040fcf98001aee1_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionm6040fcf98001aee1_1528450127855_0Introduction

Answer the introductory questions for the lesson:

1. Present in brief the structure of the atom.

2. What are electrons and where are they located?

3. Does each atom have the same number of electrons?

Procedurem6040fcf98001aee1_1528446435040_0Procedure

What is a conductor?
The conductor is everyday object in which electrons, orbiting around the atomic nucleus, are poorly connected with. The electrons on the valence shell can be detached from their atom and then become free electrons and virtually move freely throughout an object.

[Illustration 1]

What is an insulator?
An insulator is every object in which electrons, orbiting around the atomic nucleus are very strongly attached to this nucleus and cannot move through the entire insulator. In certain situations, they can move slightly in the volume of an atom.

[Illustration 2]

[Interactive graphics 1]

Charging is the process of accumulation of an excess of charge of the same sign in a given body.
There are known phenomena in which certain bodies when rubbing acquire the property of attracting other bodies, e.g. amber rubbed with silk attracts small scraps of paper (from the Greek name of the amber „electron”, these phenomena are called electrification of the bodies).
One evidence of the existence of the phenomenon of electrification in nature, is the impact of glass sticks on the silk, after rubbing the glass rod with silk, and the ebonite sticks after rubbing with them with wool. In both cases, you can observe the attraction between sticks and fabrics.

[Illustration 3]

Experiment

Research hypothesis: 
The bodies can be charged by rubbingrubbingrubbing.

1. Conduct an experiment to verify the validity of the statements describing illustration 1.

2. Use a school electroscope to detect the charge.

Examining the properties of different bodies in this way, we can say that they can be charged either like ebonite rubbed with wool, i.e. they repel charged ebonite rod or like glass rubbed with silk, i.e. they repel charged glass rod.

The experiment discussed above shows that like charges repel one another and unlike charges attract.

Charging through rubbing means causing friction leading to the movement of electrons from one object to another. The difference between charging due to friction and insulation is that in the case of electrification by friction, the displacement of charges occurs after the job that forces the electrons to move.

The object from which the electrons flow away is charged positively, while the body that receives these particles is charged negatively.

As a result of rubbingrubbingrubbing an ebonite rod with wool, some of the electrons from the wool pass to the surface of the rod.

The rod is characterized by an excess of electrons - it charges negatively.

Wool, due to the transfer of these electrons has their deficiency, so it is charged positively.

As a result of rubbing the glass rod with silk, some of the electrons from the glass got transferred to the surface of the silk.

The rod has an electron deficiency - the glass is electrified positively.

Silk electrifies negatively as a result of accumulation of electron.

Notice:

Plastics are charged negatively, while glass and porcelain positively.

[Interactive graphics 2]

Properties of charging by friction:

- The bodies before rubbingrubbingrubbing are electrically neutral.
- As a result of rubbing, some of the electrons pass from one body to another.
- The bodies obtain the same magnitude of charge but of the opposite sign.
- This is a permanent charging.

Lesson summarym6040fcf98001aee1_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Charging by rubbing can be explained in a way that during mutual contact between two insulators, electrons from one body pass to the other. In this way, one body is charged negatively and the other positively with equal charge value.m6040fcf98001aee1_1527752263647_0Charging by rubbing can be explained in a way that during mutual contact between two insulators, electrons from one body pass to the other. In this way, one body is charged negatively and the other positively with equal charge value.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

charging bodiescharging bodiescharging bodies

rubbingrubbingrubbing

electron flowelectron flowelectron flow

total chargetotal chargetotal charge

charges with different signscharges with different signscharges with different signs

m6040fcf98001aee1_1527752263647_0
m6040fcf98001aee1_1527752256679_0
m6040fcf98001aee1_1528449000663_0
m6040fcf98001aee1_1528449084556_0
m6040fcf98001aee1_1528449076687_0
m6040fcf98001aee1_1528449068082_0
m6040fcf98001aee1_1528449523725_0
m6040fcf98001aee1_1528449552113_0
m6040fcf98001aee1_1528450430307_0
m6040fcf98001aee1_1528449534267_0
m6040fcf98001aee1_1528449514617_0
m6040fcf98001aee1_1528450127855_0
m6040fcf98001aee1_1528446435040_0
m6040fcf98001aee1_1528450119332_0
charging bodies1
charging bodies

elektryzowanie ciał

RYuS0Q425nKfk1
wymowa w języku angielskim: charging bodies
rubbing1
rubbing

pocieranie

R10H5XDVAenQu1
wymowa w języku angielskim: rubbing
electron flow 1
electron flow

przepływ elektronów

RXxkVTd9og2r11
wymowa w języku angielskim: electron flow
total charge1
total charge

ładunek sumaryczny

Rd4y8mRbaCKK61
wymowa w języku angielskim: total charge
charges with different signs1
charges with different signs

ładunki różnych znaków

R1JhtLD2aFbYI1
wymowa w języku angielskim: charges with different signs