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You will learn

you will discuss what the style of a texta texttext is
you will characterise features that determine stylistic diversity
you will recognise words with a limited chronological and territorial range;
you will create a stylistically diversified text

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Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie abstraktu

Individual utterances differ because each of us – depending on the situation and the topic of the conversation – uses different linguistic measures, namely by using a different style. We understand style as an effect of a specific linguistic measure selection. Our linguistic choices are determined by various factors, such as the topic of the conversation, the communication situation as well as the age and education level of the addressee and the relation between the addressee and the speaker. What is more, factors related to the speaker are also important, e.g. their communication skills, social background or place of residence.

The style is determined by the use of phonetic, inflectional, word‑formation, syntactic as well as lexical and semantic measures.

Exercise 1

Wybierz jedno nowe słowo poznane podczas dzisiejszej lekcji i ułóż z nim zdanie.

from the point of view of an adult who is annoyed by noisy children,
from the point of view of grandparents delighted to see their grandchildren having fun,
from the point of view of an artist inspired by the situation to create a poem or a painting.

How does the utterance change depending on the speaker and the situation?

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Grafika złożona z małych różnokolorowych trójkątów, przedstawia sylwetki dzieci, które bawią się pod drzewem. Jedno huśta drugie na huśtawce, trzecie siedzi pod drzewem i zbiera kwiaty. — Source: domena publiczna.

Change the word to change the tone

Changing the tone of a word from neutral to positive or negative can be the effect of word‑formation stylistic operation, which results in diminutivesdiminutivediminutives or augmentativesaugmentativeaugmentatives.

Exercise 2

In the following sentences, indicate any derivative words that are emotionally charged, match them with an appropriate qualifier (disrespectful, ironic, offensive, affectionate, playful) and then replace them with neutral words.

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Don’t worry about this article - the author is just a mediocre hack writing for a red-top newspaper. emotionally charged derivative words qualifier neutral words

You could see adorable mess on her head that reflected her cute distraction. emotionally charged derivative words qualifier neutral words

My cousin’s husband is a proper pig - expects a lot but won’t get to work. emotionally charged derivative words qualifier neutral words

My sweetie pie, I am so delighted that you helped that poor old lady. emotionally charged derivative words qualifier neutral words

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Exercise 3

From the following words, indicate those whose emotional tone as well as the meaning can be changed by adding suffixes like: -en, -le, -ish.

cat
maid
red
table
small
picture
spark
chick
tall

Exercise 4

What is your opinion on utterances directed at a child which are loaded with diminutive forms? Are they a testimony of tender feelings or rather an expression of patronizing behaviour? Justify your opinion. Examples:

Poczekaj, Jasieńku, babunia musi tylko przeczytać ten liścik, a potem poświęci cały swój czasik śliczniutkiemu chłopczykowi.
Martusiu, załóż buciki, a pluszowego kotka schowaj do kieszonki.

Lexical stylistic means

Lexical stylistic means are such means of artistic expression that relate to the meanings of words, such as archaism (a word that has gone out of use), an epithet (a word defining a noun), an oxymoron (a combination of words with opposite meaning).

We can divide the lexical stylistic means into several categories.

Name the following categories of stylistically charged words.

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Exercise 5

Match words representing individual functional styles of the Polish language.

Words used only in a colloquial style; using them in formal situations is inappropriate and is treated as a stylistic mistake, e.g. kumpel, ciuchy, bajzel, przynudzać, wredny., Words and expressions characteristic of an official style, meaning used in regulations, instructions, provisions, e.g. upraszać, uiścić, organ, paragraf, usługobiorca, niezwłocznie., Words and expressions related to an artistic style, e.g. goreć, niwa, białoskrzydły.

official vocabulary
colloquialism
poeticism

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Exercise 6

Link words of limited chronology or territorial words.

Obsolete words, no longer used, e.g. gospodzin, stągiew, samotrzeć, azali., Words especially abused by language users, e.g. kultowy, profesjonalny, kreatywny, globalny., Words characteristic only to inhabitants of a specific region of Poland, also the well-educated people, e.g. the words characteristic for the region of Wielkopolska: pyry (ziemniaki), petronelka (biedronka), modrak (chaber)., Linguistic elements used by rural inhabitants of a given area, e.g. the words characteristic for the Podhale dialect: bryndza, kierpce, perć, wierch.

archaisms
trendy words
local dialects
regionalisms

Exercise 7

Think of an interesting event that has happened in the last few days. Formulate three short utterances about the situation. Each time take into consideration different features affecting the style of your utterance.

Oral communication, a speech during a lesson at school, directed at your teacher and classmates.
Written communication, a short note in a local daily newspaper.
A text message to your friend.

What are the linguistic features that differentiate those utterances?

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Create a multiple choice question for your deskmate testing their knowledge acquired during the lesson.

Question: ...