E-resource ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Waste segregation
1. Film in the standard version.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The film takes place in a municipality Communal Office. The owner of a house talks to an office worker about the rules of waste segregation. Film rozgrywa się w Urzędzie Gminy. Właścicielka domu rozmawia z urzędnikiem o zasadach segregowania odpadów.
2. Film with subtitles.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The film takes place in a municipality Communal Office. The owner of a house talks to an office worker about the rules of waste segregation. Film rozgrywa się w Urzędzie Gminy. Właścicielka domu rozmawia z urzędnikiem o zasadach segregowania odpadów.
3. Film with subtitles and pauses. Listen and repeat after the speaker.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The film takes place in a municipality Communal Office. The owner of a house talks to an office worker about the rules of waste segregation. Film rozgrywa się w Urzędzie Gminy. Właścicielka domu rozmawia z urzędnikiem o zasadach segregowania odpadów.
4. Film with subtitles and narration.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The film takes place in a municipality Communal Office. The owner of a house talks to an office worker about the rules of waste segregation. Film rozgrywa się w Urzędzie Gminy. Właścicielka domu rozmawia z urzędnikiem o zasadach segregowania odpadów.
After watching the film “Waste segregation”, match the questions with the correct answer. Po obejrzeniu filmu „Segregacja odpadów”, połącz pytania z prawidłową odpowiedzią.
We separate paper and cardboard, glass, plastic and metal, as well as ash., Green waste can be put out in biodegradable waste bags on the day of collection., The rules for waste segregation are uniform throughout the country., The owner of a house asked the office worker for the declaration on the amount of the municipal waste management fee., Hazardous waste and electro waste can be disposed of at designated points in shops, pharmacies and at selective collection points for municipal waste., Construction and renovation waste is put in special containers., The rates for municipal waste disposal are very high if we don’t segregate rubbish., The system of selective gathering and collection of waste is used in the municipality., The owner of a house came to the communal office to find out about the rules for waste collection., Green waste is an excellent material for obtaining compost.
| Why did the owner of a house come to the communal office? | |
| What kind of waste collection system is used in the municipality? | |
| When are the rates for municipal waste disposal very high? | |
| Are waste segregation rules different depending on the municipality? | |
| How can green waste be used? | |
| What do we do with green waste? | |
| How do we segregate municipal waste? | |
| Where can hazardous waste and electrowaste be disposed of? | |
| How do we deal with construction and renovation waste? | |
| What document did the owner of a house ask the office worker for? |
What happens to waste?
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The animation presents the path garbage travels from our apartments to landfills, or the place where it will be made into fuel for the production of electricity or heat. Animacja prezentuje, jaką drogę przechodzą śmieci od naszych mieszkań do wysypiska albo miejsca, gdzie zrobi się z nich paliwo do produkcji prądu lub ciepła.
After watching the voice-over animation “What happens to waste?”, complete the sentences with the correct words or expressions in the correct form. Use the word bank. Po obejrzeniu animacji z lektorem „Co się dzieje ze śmieciami?”, uzupełnij zdania odpowiednimi wyrazami lub frazami we właściwej formie. Skorzystaj z banku słów.
rotary sieve, recovery, Municipal Waste Management Plant, mixed waste, landfills, bulky waste, alternative fuel, biodrying, pre-selection chamber, secondary raw waste
Everyone who segregates ................................................................ pays a smaller rubbish tax.
The waste service company is obliged to take all ................................................................ and selective waste from single- and multi-family housings.
All rubbish is transported to the .................................................................
................................................................ and long materials are rejected because they can cause problems during transport by belts around the plant.
The employees in the ................................................................ manually pick out glass, scrap or larger construction waste.
From the pre-selection chamber, the waste goes to the ................................................................ . Here, it is segregated into smaller and larger fractions.
Shredded garbage goes to concrete chambers for ................................................................ , in other words biological treatment of waste.
After biodrying, the process of mechanical treatment and the ................................................................ of secondary raw materials begins.
EU standards require the reduction of the amount of rubbish taken to .................................................................
Biodegradable waste, in other words paper wood and dry kitchen waste, comprises 2/3 of the composition of .................................................................
Hazardous waste
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The animation presents hazardous waste and methods of its disposal. Animacja prezentuje odpady niebezpieczne i metody ich unieszkodliwiania.
After watching the silent animation “Hazardous waste”, decide whether the sentences are true or false.
Po obejrzeniu animacji bez dźwięku „Odpady niebezpieczne” ustosunkuj się do zdań umieszczonych w ćwiczeniu, podejmując decyzję, czy to prawda czy fałsz.
| Prawda | Fałsz | |
| Hazardous waste is a big threat to human health, but not to the environment and animals. | □ | □ |
| Industry is the only source of hazardous waste generation. | □ | □ |
| Leftover paint, varnishes, adhesives, resins and means of wood conservation and protection are subject to thermal utilization. | □ | □ |
| Aerosols, plant protection products, leftovers of household disinfection and disinsection products, solvents, cleaning agents and substances for stain removal are subject to thermal treatment in hazardous waste incineration facilities. | □ | □ |
| Hazardous waste cannot be subjected to the regeneration process, in other words to reprocessing. | □ | □ |
| Toxic chemicals can be stored in special quarters on landfills. | □ | □ |
| Mining waste can be used to harden terrain surfaces, or in earth structures, including road and hydrotechnical structures. | □ | □ |
| Used batteries and accumulators are segregated and then handed over for recycling, in other words thermal utilization. | □ | □ |
| Glass, aluminum tips, luminofluor and metallic mercury are obtained from energy saving bulbs in the process of material recovery. All these raw materials are suitable for reuse. | □ | □ |
Soil protection
The hypertext material presents a conversation between two environmental engineers who are preparing to conduct a training session. Methods of soil protection against degradation and devastation are the subject of the conversation.
Hipertekst przedstawia rozmowę dwóch inżynierów ochrony środowiska, którzy przygotowują się do przeprowadzenia szkolenia. Tematem rozmowy są metody ochrony gleb przed degradacją i dewastacją.
Engineer 1: Do you remember that we’re conducting a training session for the municipal officials tomorrow? Let's revise its course.
Engineer 2: We must make the audience aware that we can’t allow for the complete destruction of the soildestruction of the soil. They should start counteracting the deterioration of soil and land conditions.
Engineer 1: That's true. We must clearly state that the soil needs to be reclaimedreclaimed, in other words the soil’s former biological functionbiological function and use valueuse value needs to be restored.
Engineer 2: We will also emphasize that soil degradation may be limited as a result of appropriate technical measures. These rely on landforminglandforming and backfillingbackfilling. We can also recommend the deconcentration methoddeconcentration method, in other words mixing contaminated soil with unpolluted soil.
Engineer 1: Yes, they should also know about biological methods, such as organic fertilizationorganic fertilization, mineral fertilizationmineral fertilization, or green fertilizationgreen fertilization.
Engineer 2: We must definitely mention the program of activities aimed at the reduction of the outflow of nitrogenreduction of the outflow of nitrogen from agricultural sources. After all, this obligation applies to all farmers.
Engineer 1: This is a serious topic. Half of the soil in Poland is acidic or very acidic, and incorrect fertilizationincorrect fertilization makes it even worse.
Engineer 2: Look, I made this leaflet. I’ll read part of it to you: „introducing pioneer vegetationpioneer vegetation, which is vegetation that can grow in very poor conditions, will allow you to prepare the right conditions for more demanding plants.”
Engineer 1: It seems understandable. We must also mention that the soil destroyed by industry can be restored by covering its surface with a thick layer of humus. And completely destroyed soil is reconstructed only with the help of neutralizationneutralization with proper chemical agents.
Engineer 2: And the best thing is to locate roads and communication routes so that they don’t threaten rich and fertile soil.
Engineer 1: OK, these are probably the most important things that need to be addressed. I'm sure we'll hear a lot of questions.
Engineer 2: Let's hope so!
After familiarizing yourself with the hypertext “Soil protection”, match the Polish terms with their English equivalents. Po zapoznaniu się z hipertekstem „Ochrona gleb” połącz polskie terminy z ich angielskimi odpowiednikami.
landforming, reclaim the soil, organic fertilization, pioneer vegetation, mineral fertilization, reduction of the outflow of nitrogen, backfilling, soil neutralization, destruction of the soil, green fertilization
| zniszczenie gleby | |
| rekultywować glebę | |
| kształtowanie terenu | |
| zasypywanie wyrobiska | |
| nawożenie organiczne | |
| nawożenie mineralne | |
| nawożenie nawozami zielonymi | |
| ograniczenie odpływu azotu | |
| roślinność pionierska | |
| neutralizacja gleby |
Building a landfill
The hypertext material is an email information sent to all residents of the municipality from the management of a company designing a municipal waste landfill.
Hipertekst stanowi informację e‑mail wysłaną wszystkich mieszkańców gminy od dyrekcji firmy projektującej składowisko odpadów komunalnych.
Dear Sir or Madam,
Due to numerous questions regarding the construction of municipal waste landfills in our municipality, I am writing to clarify some key issues. The designed landfill will be a modern facility for the disposal of waste other than hazardous and inert waste. It will be built using modern methods, according to the standards in force forenvironmental protectionenvironmental protection.
It will be localized in a place enabling the use of a natural geological barriernatural geological barrier to seal its ground and side walls. In addition, an artificial geological barrierartificial geological barrier will be used.Synthetic insulationSynthetic insulation will supplement these safeguards. An external system of drainage ditchesdrainage ditches has been designed for each landfill. Each landfill will be equipped with an installation for discharging landfill gaslandfill gas. Landfill gas will be used for energy purposes, and thanks to the technology of the evaporationevaporation of leachateof leachate it will also be purified. The biodegradablebiodegradable waste landfill will be equipped with devices for washing and disinfecting wheelsdevices for washing and disinfecting wheels of vehicles leaving the facility and acar weightcar weight.
The facility will besecuredsecured against access by unauthorized people and the illegal storage of waste. The project plans to surround the landfill with agreen beltgreen belt. It will consist of trees and shrubs (at least 10m wide). This will reduce to a minimum the inconvenience and hazards resulting from theemissions of odors and dustemissions of odors and dust, the spreading of waste by the wind, noise and road traffic, animal interactions, aerosol formation and fires.
We hope that these clarifications will dispel your doubts in this matter.
Project director
Adam Anderson
Modern Waste Landfills
Trip to the thermal waste utilization station
The hypertext material is a fragment of an article from an industry magazine on the method and technology of waste utilization in a station of thermal waste utilization.
Hipertekst stanowi fragment artykułu z gazety branżowej na temat stosowanej metody i technologii utylizacji odpadów w stacji termicznej
The thermal waste utilization station is supervised by a process and fuel gas monitoring systemprocess and fuel gas monitoring system.
The system supervises the work of such elements of the installation as: sludge storage and transport nodessludge storage and transport nodes, sludge drying nodessludge drying nodes, combustion nodescombustion nodes, heat recovery systemsheat recovery systems, exhaust gas treatment systemsexhaust gas treatment systems, nodes for leaching and solidifying hazardous wastenodes for leaching and solidifying hazardous waste.
The sediment coming from the sewage treatment plant is transported by conveyors, or transported to the sludge collection stationsludge collection station, and collected in a dehydrated sludge silodehydrated sludge silo, from where it is further transported to a sludge dryersludge dryer. The installation uses a diaphragm disk dryerdisk dryer. The dryer is supplied with heat in the form of hot steam, which is recovered from the combustion process.
The dried sludge is then subjected to a combustion process which is carried out in a fluidized bed furnacefluidized bed furnace.
The sludge thermal utilization station is equipped with a heat recovery system, whose task is to pre‑cool the exhaust gases before directing them to the treatment system and to produce saturated steamsaturated steam to supply the drying station.
During the process of thermal utilization, ashash (classified as non‑hazardous waste) and by‑products from the treatment of the flue gas containing fly ash and residues (classified as hazardous waste) arise.
By‑products of the treatment of exhaust fumes are subjected to a solidification process, the final product of which will be concrete blocks. Ashes and residues are picked up by an external company that has the right to transport them. Ashes are used in construction for non‑construction purposes. The residues are stored in a hazardous waste landfill.
After familiarizing yourself with the hypertext “Trip to the thermal waste utilization station”, choose the term concerned with the equipment of a thermal utilization station. Po zapoznaniu się z hipertekstem „Wycieczka do stacji termicznej utylizacji odpadów”, wskaż termin związany z wyposażeniem stacji termicznej.
- sludge dryer
- exhaust gas treatment system
- sludge storage and transport node
- combustion node
- process and fuel gas monitoring system
- disk dryer
- heat recovery system
- fluidized bed furnace
Gallery
From the word bank, choose the words and phrases that are needed to describe photo no. 1 “What do package symbols tell us?. Z banku słów wybierz słowa i zwroty, które są potrzebne do opisania rysunku nr 1 „Co mówią symbole umieszczone na opakowaniach?”.
green point, bulky waste, alternative fuel, warning sign against throwing out hazardous waste, waste fraction, plastic packaging, biodrying, biodegradable packaging, thermal utilization, glass packaging
| TRUE | |
|---|---|
| FALSE |
Type a word
Zasób interaktywny dostępny pod adresem https://zpe.gov.pl/a/DJNmMVERn
Dictionary
paliwo alternatywne
opakowanie aluminowe
sztuczna bariera geologiczna
popiół
zasypywanie wyrobiska
opakowanie biodegradowalne
biodegradacja
biosuszenie
funkcja biologiczna
biologiczne przetwarzanie odpadów
pojemnik czarny
pojemnik niebieski
pojemnik brązowy
śmieci wielkogabarytowe
waga samochodowa
węzeł spalania
kompost
skraplacz
odpad budowlano‑remontowy
kontenery
deklaracja o wysokości opłaty za gospodarowanie odpadami komunalnymi
metoda dekoncentracji
silos osadu odwodnionego
zniszczenie gleby
urządzenie do mycia i dezynfekcji kół
suszarka dyskowa
rowy drenażowe
elektroodpad
emisja odorów i pyłów
ochrona środowiska
odprowadzenie odcieku
system oczyszczania spalin
piec ze złożem fluidalnym
powietrze fluidyzacyjne
frakcja
opakowanie szklane
pas zieleni
pojemnik zielony
nawożenie nawozami zielonymi
zielony punkt
odpad zielony
odpad niebezpieczny
odzysk ciepła
system odzysku ciepła
niewłaściwe nawożenie
gaz składowiskowy
składowisko odpadów, wysypisko
kształtowanie terenu
nawożenie mineralne
odpad wydobywczy
odpad zmieszany
odpad komunalny
Zakład Gospodarowania Odpadami Komunalnymi
naturalna bariera geologiczna
węzeł wypłukiwania i zestalania odpadów niebezpiecznych
nawożenie organiczne
opakowanie nadające się do recyklingu
opakowanie przydatne do recyklingu
materiały z papieru
roślinność pionierska
opakowanie z tworzyw sztucznych
punkt selektywnej zbiórki odpadów komunalnych
wstępna selekcja odpadów
kabina preselekcji
system monitoringu procesu i spalin
zakaz wyrzucania elektrośmieci
lej odbierający
rekultywować glebę
odzyskiwać
odzyskiwanie surowców wtórnych
ograniczenie odpływu azotu
regeneracja
powtórne przetworzenie
opakowanie wielokrotnego użytku
sito obrotowe
podatek śmieciowy
para nasycona
płuczka
surowiec wtórny
zabezpieczenie składowiska
segregować
punkt selektywnej zbiórki odpadów
selektywne odbieranie odpadów
selektywne zbieranie odpadów
seperator
rozdrabniać
silos
stacja przyjmowania osadów
suszarka osadu
węzeł podsuszania osadów
węzeł magazynowania i transportu osadu
neutralizacja gleby
zestalenie
specjalna kwatera na wysypisku
ustabilizowane pozostałości
składowanie
izolacja syntetyczna
przekształcenie termiczne
utylizacja termiczna
transport popiołów na składowisko
rodzaj odpadów
składowisko podziemne
wartość użytkowa
znak ostrzegawczy przed wyrzucaniem odpadów niebezpiecznych
odbiór odpadów
segregacja odpadów
pojemnik żółty