Topicm804d2d013fd627c5_1528449000663_0Topic

Work of electric current

Levelm804d2d013fd627c5_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm804d2d013fd627c5_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

VI. Electricity. The student:

10) uses the concept of work and power of electric currentelectric currentelectric current and their units; applies the relationship between these quantities to the calculations; converts electric energy expressed in kilowatt‑hours into joules and conversely.

Timingm804d2d013fd627c5_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm804d2d013fd627c5_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Derivation of the formula for the work of electric current (DC current).

Key competencesm804d2d013fd627c5_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Reminding definition of voltagevoltagevoltage.

2. Derivation of the formula for the work in three forms.

3. Applying the formula for the electrical work in typical and new situations.

Operational (detailed) goalsm804d2d013fd627c5_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- derives the formula for the work of electric current,

- applies different formulas for the work of electric current depending on his needs.

Methodsm804d2d013fd627c5_1528449534267_0Methods

1. A talk presenting new information.

2. Discussion developing in the course of common problem solving by a class or group.

Forms of workm804d2d013fd627c5_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual or group work.

2. Cooperation between students and the teacher during the developing discussion.

Lesson stages

Introductionm804d2d013fd627c5_1528450127855_0Introduction

Prepare answers to the following introductory questions for the lesson.

1. What is electric current?

2. What is the current intensity?

3. What is voltage?

4. Introduce Ohm's law.

5.  What determines the resistance of a conductorconductorconductor?

Procedurem804d2d013fd627c5_1528446435040_0Procedure

VoltagevoltageVoltage definition (reminder).

The electrical voltage between the ends of a conductorconductorconductor is numerically equal to the amount of work that electric forceselectric forceselectric forces perform when moving the charge of one coulomb inside the conductor.

The definition of voltage as a formula:

U=Wq

From the above formula it is easy to determine the work done by electric forces:

W=q·U

Usually, in practice, we rarely know what charge has flown through a given electricity receiver. However, in a fairly simple way we can measure the current flowing through it.

Using the definition of electric currentelectric currentelectric current:

I=qt

we can directly determine the charge that has flown through the electricity receiver:

q=I·t

After inserting this to the formula for work, we will get the final formula:

W=U·I·t

where:
W - work done by electric forceselectric forceselectric forces,
U - voltagevoltagevoltage at the ends of the electricity receiver,
I - the intensity of current flowing through the electricity receiver,
t - duration of the current flowcurrent flowcurrent flow.

What are the effects of the current flow?

- thermal

Example:
Electrons in a heating element of iron collide constantly with atoms, stimulating them to vibrate. Increased vibration of atoms is equivalent to increased temperature of the heating element of iron.m804d2d013fd627c5_1527752256679_0Electrons in a heating element of iron collide constantly with atoms, stimulating them to vibrate. Increased vibration of atoms is equivalent to increased temperature of the heating element of iron.

- mechanical

Example:
The current flowing in the engine forces the interaction between the magnets inside the engine and the moving parts of the engine, causing them to rotate.

- light

Example:
Electrons, colliding with the atoms of the filament of the light bulb, heat it up and stimulate to glow.

- magnetic

Example:
The electric currentelectric currentelectric current flowing in the winding of the electromagnet creates a magnetic field in the iron core.

- chemical

Example:
The current flowcurrent flowcurrent flow through the aqueous sulfuric acid solution causes the disintegration of water molecules and the production of hydrogen and oxygen.

[Slideshow]

The basic formula describing the work of electric currentelectric currentelectric current (DC current):

W=U·I·t

sometimes is not very easy to use. But we can modify the above formula a bit depending on our needs. We must make use of Ohm's law.

1. We substitute the expression for voltagevoltagevoltage U=I·R derived from Ohm's law. We then get:

W=I2·R·t

2. We substitute the expression for current I=UR derived from Ohm's law. We then get:

W=U2R·t

Note:
All the above formulas for the work of electric current (DC current) are equivalent. We use them depending on the data we have.m804d2d013fd627c5_1527752263647_0All the above formulas for the work of electric current (DC current) are equivalent. We use them depending on the data we have.

What does the electricity meter show?

[Illustration 1]

If we look closely at the above figure, we will discover the symbol kWh. This is called kilowatt‑hour. It is a unit of work done by electric currentelectric currentelectric current.

1kWh=1kW1h=1000W3600s=3,6MJ

Whether we want it or not, we always pay for the work done, because we use large amounts of energy in domestic electrical installations, it is easier to express the energy consumed in kWh.

Lesson summarym804d2d013fd627c5_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

- The work of electric current is calculated from the formulas:

W=U·I·t

or

W=I2·R·t

or

W=U2R·t

- The unit of electricity is Joule (J) but more often kilowatt‑hours [kWh] are used.

- One kilowatt‑hour is equal to electricity consumed within 1 hour by a 1 kW receiver. It is equal to 3,6 megajoules: 1 kWh = 3,6 MJ.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

conductorconductorconductor

current flowcurrent flowcurrent flow

electric currentelectric currentelectric current

electric forceselectric forceselectric forces

voltagevoltagevoltage

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electric current

prąd elektryczny

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voltage

napięcie

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conductor

przewodnik

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electric forces

siły elektryczne

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current flow

przepływ prądu

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